Compliance Radar

Who was sanctioned, and for what?

Fines, court rulings and incidents from Europe, North America, Latin America, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa: 2,207 cases from 44 jurisdictions, each with an official source and checked against that source before publication. Filter by country, area of law and sector. Click a chart to drill down one level.

Public sector Clear all filters
104cases from 22 jurisdictions
€22.6mTotal of monetary amounts (45 cases with an amount)
€7.86mLargest single case: AS "Latvijas valsts meži"
€66,919Median per case with an amount

Click a bar to drill down one level.

When?

per year, by date of decision
Trend
PeriodCasesTotal
202212€4.5m
202324€590,663
202426€1.3m
202524€1.2m
202618€15m

104 cases

15 Sep 2026 Ministerstvo životního prostředí (Umweltministerium der Tschechischen Republik)Ministry of the Environment: 300,000 CZK over unresolved conflict of interest of an insurance broker CzechiaOther €12,350

In an insurance tender in 2024 worth around 200 million CZK, the ministry had parts of the tender documents drawn up by a broker who could later receive commissions from the winning insurer. As the contracting authority took no measures against the conflict of interest, the Úřad pro ochranu hospodářské soutěže (Czech Office for the Protection of Competition, ÚOHS) imposed a final fine of 300,000 CZK.

What organisations can take from it

External advisers who help draft tender documents must not benefit from the outcome – examine and document conflicts of interest before the tender.

Relevance to training and awareness

Conflicts of interest of external advisers in procurement procedures

Authority / court
Úřad pro ochranu hospodářské soutěže (ÚOHS)
Area of law
Other
Legal basis
Gesetz über die Vergabe öffentlicher Aufträge (Pflicht zur Vermeidung von Interessenkonflikten)
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector
Culpability
negligent
Published
15 Sep 2026

Original amount 300,000 CZK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 15 Sep 2026.

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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3 Sep 2026 ASIS – Azienda Speciale per la gestione degli Impianti Sportivi (Trento)Garante: 8,000 EUR for cameras in swimming pool changing rooms of a Trentino sports operator ItalyVideo surveillance €8,000

Since 2007, the municipal sports facilities operator had had cameras in the changing rooms of a swimming pool that recorded the locker area. The Italian data protection authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) found no sound legal basis, incomplete notices and a 72-hour retention period not justified by a necessity assessment, and imposed 8,000 EUR (Provvedimento No. 619); the cameras were removed during the proceedings.

What organisations can take from it

Changing rooms and comparably intimate areas are off limits for video surveillance – even when theft prevention is the motive.

Authority / court
Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
Area of law
Data protection · Video surveillance
Legal basis
Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 6 Abs. 1 lit. c und e DSGVO; Art. 2-ter Codice privacy
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Published
11 Sep 2026

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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25 Aug 2026 Health Service Executive (HSE)Irish health service HSE: 645,000 EUR for neglected paper patient records IrelandData breaches and data security €645,000

In 2023, intruders gained access to two former psychiatric hospitals and posted videos of the patient records stored there online. An inspection of twelve sites found records with mould, water and animal damage in unsuitable rooms, up to and including shipping containers. Ireland's Data Protection Commission (DPC) imposed a fine of 645,000 EUR, issued a reprimand and ordered audits and the relocation of records.

What organisations can take from it

Data protection also applies to paper archives in disused buildings – retention requires an inventory, erasure periods and physical security.

Relevance to training and awareness

Physical security and retention of paper records

Authority / court
Data Protection Commission (DPC)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e und f, 32 Abs. 1, 33 Abs. 1, 34 Abs. 1
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector
Employees
10,000 or more
Published
2 Sep 2026

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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7 Aug 2026 ACRO Criminal Records OfficeICO: reprimand for ACRO Criminal Records Office after cyber incident United KingdomData breaches and data security Reprimand or warning

The UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) issued a reprimand to ACRO Criminal Records Office. According to the ICO, it followed a cyber incident that may have affected the personal data of around 10,000 people in the UK. The ICO found infringements of the duty to implement appropriate technical and organisational security measures under Article 32 UK GDPR. No fine was imposed.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 32(1), 32(1)(b) und 32(1)(d) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector

Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link

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4 Aug 2026 AS "Latvijas valsts meži"7.86 million EUR against Latvijas valsts meži for breach of competitive neutrality LatviaCompetition law €7.86m

From 2020 to April 2026, on the basis of old long-term logging contracts, the state forestry group supplied six wood processors with guaranteed quantities of roundwood outside public auctions, while all others could only buy through auctions. In its first decision on the competitive neutrality of public undertakings, the Konkurences padome (Latvian Competition Council) imposed 7,859,606.89 EUR and required equal sales conditions for all qualified bidders.

What organisations can take from it

State-owned companies must allocate resources without discrimination – review historical special contracts regularly for competitive neutrality.

Authority / court
Konkurences padome (Lettischer Wettbewerbsrat)
Area of law
Competition law
Legal basis
Art. 14.1 Konkurences likums (Wettbewerbsneutralität)
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Published
13 Aug 2026

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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28 Jul 2026 Ελληνική Εταιρεία Τοπικής Ανάπτυξης και Αυτοδιοίκησης Α.Ε. (EETAA) und Υπουργείο Κοινωνικής Συνοχής και ΟικογένειαςCyber attack on EETAA systems: EUR 350,000 against social affairs ministry and operator GreeceData breaches and data security €350,000

A large-scale breach affected EETAA information systems used to implement programmes of the Ministry of Social Cohesion and Family; identification, contact, financial and health data of a large number of people were affected. The Archi Prostasias Dedomenon (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) attributed the success of the attack to outdated systems and inadequate security measures and criticised the absence of a data processing agreement. In Decision 15/2026 it imposed a total of EUR 350,000 (ministry EUR 150,000 under Art. 5(1)(f)/Art. 32 and EUR 50,000 under Art. 28(3) GDPR; EETAA EUR 100,000 under Art. 32 and EUR 50,000 under Art. 28(3) GDPR) and ordered the agreement to be concluded and the planned security measures implemented within one month.

What organisations can take from it

Running legacy systems despite known risks and leaving controller and processor roles without a contract creates liability on both sides.

Relevance to training and awareness

Outdated IT systems and missing data processing agreements in the public sector

Authority / court
Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 28 Abs. 3, Art. 32 Abs. 1, Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d und i DSGVO
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Mitigating circumstances
According to the authority, the ministry met its breach notification and communication obligations.

Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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27 Jul 2026 Metropolitan Police ServiceICO: order and reprimand against London's Met Police after disclosure of sensitive data United KingdomData breaches and data security Order

The Metropolitan Police handed a defendant unredacted documents containing the new address and telephone number of a stalking victim, and in a circular e-mail disclosed 18 people with a parliamentary connection in an open recipient list. The UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) ordered improvements within 3 and 12 months, including in data protection training completion rates.

What organisations can take from it

Policies are not enough if mandatory training goes uncompleted for years – monitor and enforce training completion rates.

Relevance to training and awareness

Redacting documents, e-mail distribution lists (BCC), data protection training

Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Data Protection Act 2018, Section 40
Action
Order
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Employees
10,000 or more
Culpability
negligent
Published
5 Aug 2026

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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22 May 2026 Central Johannesburg TVET College (CJC)Central Johannesburg TVET College: order after staff vetting reports were mis-sent South AfricaEmployee data Order

In September 2022 the public TVET college mistakenly emailed reports verifying the qualifications and criminal records of three employees to other staff, informed neither the regulator nor those affected, and had not registered an information officer. Departing from the view of its Enforcement Committee, the regulator also treated this as impermissible further processing and found breaches of accountability, purpose limitation, security safeguards and the notification duty; on 22 May 2026 it ordered, among other things, registration, notification of the breach, a written apology, a compliance framework and POPIA training for all staff.

What organisations can take from it

Sensitive personnel records should be filed separately – and even an internal misdirected email is a notifiable security compromise.

Relevance to training and awareness

Misdirected emails and handling of personnel records

Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.

Authority / court
Information Regulator (South Africa)
Area of law
Data protection · Employee data
Legal basis
Sections 8, 15(1), 19(1) und 22(1) Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA); Enforcement Notice nach Section 95 POPIA
Action
Order
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Mitigating circumstances
The college recalled the email two days later, informed staff of the error and took action against those responsible; according to the regulator, this did not relieve it of the duty to notify.
Published
2 Jun 2026

Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link

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7 May 2026 Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)Privacy Commissioner: Canada's tax authority CRA must strengthen protection against account takeovers CanadaData breaches and data security Other

Since 2020, the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) has experienced more than 42,000 individual breaches in which unauthorised persons accessed tax accounts or changed data in order to redirect benefits. In a special report to Parliament, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada criticised, among other things, the delayed introduction of mandatory MFA and incomplete incident recording, and made nine recommendations, eight of which were accepted in full and one in part.

What organisations can take from it

Online accounts with payment functions need mandatory strong authentication and complete recording of incidents.

Authority / court
Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Privacy Act (Kanada)
Action
Other
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Employees
10,000 or more
Published
7 May 2026

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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30 Apr 2026 Cardiff UniversityCardiff University: £280,000 fine over occupational asthma from animal allergens United KingdomWorkplace safety and accidents €323,232

Cardiff University was fined £280,000 and ordered to pay £11,745 in costs after two employees developed occupational asthma from exposure to animal allergens. According to the Health and Safety Executive, the university failed from 2008 to 2025 to identify and implement suitable controls against allergen exposure, although the COSHH regulations and relevant guidance had long been in place.

What organisations can take from it

Slowly developing occupational diseases also lead to prosecution when exposures go uncontrolled for years.

Relevance to training and awareness

Health protection in laboratories working with animals

Authority / court
Cardiff Magistrates' Court (Anklage: Health and Safety Executive)
Area of law
Health and safety and employment law · Workplace safety and accidents
Legal basis
Section 2(1) Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Mitigating circumstances
Guilty plea.
Published
1 May 2026

Original amount 280,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 30 Apr 2026.

Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link

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23 Mar 2026 Region SyddanmarkRegion Syddanmark: GDPR fine over exposed research database halved on appeal DenmarkData breaches and data security €66,919

In December 2024 the Kolding City Court fined the Region Syddanmark (Region of Southern Denmark) 1,000,000 DKK for two breaches of the duty to ensure appropriate data security. On 23 March 2026 the Vestre Landsret (Western High Court) upheld only the first charge – in a research and clinical database, logged-in users could access PDF documents of more than 23,000 registered persons, including health data of minors in psychiatric care, by changing the URL – and reduced the fine to 500,000 DKK; it acquitted the region of the charge concerning patient data in a presentation on its website.

What organisations can take from it

Access rights must be checked server-side for every document; an editable URL is not access control.

Relevance to training and awareness

Access control in web applications (manipulable URLs)

Authority / court
Retten i Kolding; Vestre Landsret (auf Anzeige der Datatilsynet)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 32 Abs. 1, Art. 83 Abs. 4 lit. a und Abs. 9 DSGVO; databeskyttelseslovens § 41 stk. 1 nr. 1, stk. 3 og 6
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
reduced
Sector
Public sector
Culpability
negligent
Repeat case
yes

Original amount 500,000 DKK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 23 Mar 2026.

Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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16 Mar 2026 Forestry Corporation of NSWForestry Corporation of NSW: AUD 450,000 over illegally felled giant and hollow trees AustraliaEmissions and permits €276,549

In June and July 2020 contractors of the state-owned forestry corporation felled six giant trees and three hollow-bearing trees in Wild Cattle Creek State Forest near Coffs Harbour that should have been retained under the Coastal Integrated Forestry Operation Approval. On the EPA’s prosecution, the Land and Environment Court convicted the corporation and found harm to koala habitat and cultural harm to the Gumbaynggirr people; following a restorative justice conference, the AUD 450,000 penalty goes to the Yurruungga Aboriginal Corporation for remediation projects. The corporation must also commission an independent audit of its procedures and publish the conviction.

What organisations can take from it

Anyone contracting out forestry work remains responsible for identifying protected trees and must align planning and training accordingly.

Relevance to training and awareness

Marking and protecting trees to be retained in forestry work carried out by contractors

Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.

Authority / court
NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA NSW) / Land and Environment Court of NSW
Area of law
Environment and sustainability · Emissions and permits
Legal basis
Coastal Integrated Forestry Operation Approval (NSW)
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Repeat case
yes
Published
16 Mar 2026

Original amount 450,000 AUD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 16 Mar 2026.

Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link

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20 Feb 2026 The Commissioner of Police for the City of London (City of London Police)ICO: reprimand for City of London Police over late subject access responses United KingdomData subject rights and transparency Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to the City of London Police. The ICO found that between 1 April 2023 and 31 July 2025 the police force had failed to answer subject access requests within the statutory deadline. The ICO found this breached Article 12(3) UK GDPR and section 45(3) of the Data Protection Act 2018.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
Legal basis
Art. 12(3) UK GDPR; section 45(3) DPA 2018; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector

Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link

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3 Feb 2026 Gemeenten Delft, Ede, Eindhoven u. a. (10 Gemeinden)AP: €25,000 each for ten municipalities over analyses of Muslim communities NetherlandsData protection €250,000

Ten municipalities (Delft, Ede, Eindhoven, Gooise Meren, Haarlemmermeer, Hilversum, Huizen, Tilburg, Veenendaal and Zoetermeer) had received, stored and used analyses of the local Islamic community prepared by an external research firm (mostly so-called power-field analyses, in Haarlemmermeer a quick scan), which also contained information on the religion and other sensitive characteristics of individuals. On 3 February 2026 the AP (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Dutch data protection authority) imposed 25,000 EUR on each board in separate decisions (250,000 EUR in total); for seven municipalities it also restricted further processing of the analyses to handling data subject rights and court proceedings.

What organisations can take from it

Anyone taking over externally prepared reports containing information on religion or belief is themselves processing special category data and needs their own exemption for doing so.

Relevance to training and awareness

Special category personal data in security analyses

Authority / court
Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
Area of law
Data protection
Legal basis
Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a i. V. m. Art. 6 Abs. 1 und Art. 9 Abs. 1 DSGVO (AVG); Verarbeitungsbeschränkung nach Art. 58 Abs. 2 DSGVO (sieben Bescheide)
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Published
5 Feb 2026

Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link

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22 Jan 2026 France TravailCNIL: 5 million EUR against France Travail after social engineering attack FranceData breaches and data security €5m

In early 2024, attackers used social engineering to take over accounts of Cap Emploi advisers and accessed data on jobseekers from the last 20 years, including social security numbers. The French data protection authority (CNIL) criticised weak authentication, insufficient logging and overly broad access rights, and imposed 5 million EUR together with an order carrying a penalty payment of 5,000 EUR per day of delay.

What organisations can take from it

Accounts of external partners with extensive data access need strong authentication, narrow rights and anomaly detection – and their users need training against social engineering.

Relevance to training and awareness

Social engineering and account takeover

Authority / court
Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 32 DSGVO
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Employees
10,000 or more
Published
29 Jan 2026

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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19 Jan 2026 Derbyshire ConstabularyDerbyshire Constabulary: 60,000 GBP after burn injuries during Molotov cocktail training United KingdomWorkplace safety and accidents €69,196

During a public order training exercise in February 2021, police officers wearing flame-retardant protective clothing had petrol bombs thrown at them; four officers suffered burns with permanent scarring. There was no information on the service life and testing of the PPE, no risk assessment for the manufacture and use of the petrol bombs, and no safe systems of work. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) prosecution resulted in a fine of 60,000 GBP plus 9,470 GBP in costs.

What organisations can take from it

Realistic operational training also needs a risk assessment and tested protective equipment.

Relevance to training and awareness

Safety in high-risk exercises and PPE testing

Authority / court
Health and Safety Executive (Sheffield Magistrates' Court)
Area of law
Health and safety and employment law · Workplace safety and accidents
Legal basis
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, s. 2(1)
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector
Published
20 Jan 2026

Original amount 60,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 19 Jan 2026.

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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8 Jan 2026 Glasgow City CouncilGlasgow City Council: 80,000 GBP after collapse of a rusted-through lamp post United KingdomWorkplace safety and accidents €92,092

In June 2023, a lamp post dating from the 1950s/60s, whose steel at the base was at least 60 % rusted through, fell over and seriously injured a pedestrian. The post had been rated as poor in 2022 but was not scheduled for replacement until 2024; the council's visual inspections did not identify the acute risk of collapse. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) prosecution resulted in a fine of 80,000 GBP.

What organisations can take from it

Inspection regimes for ageing infrastructure must prioritise findings and trigger immediate action where there is acute danger.

Authority / court
Health and Safety Executive (Glasgow Sheriff Court)
Area of law
Health and safety and employment law · Workplace safety and accidents
Legal basis
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, s. 3(1)
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector
Published
12 Jan 2026

Original amount 80,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 8 Jan 2026.

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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8 Jan 2026 Αρχηγείο Πυροσβεστικού Σώματος (Hauptquartier der griechischen Feuerwehr)Greece: 10,000 EUR against Fire Service Headquarters over health data in duty log GreeceEmployee data €10,000

In a daily orders book of a fire service unit that was accessible to staff, not only the transfer of a female officer to light duties was recorded, but also her illness, the treatment and the medication prescribed. The Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) found a breach of lawfulness and data minimisation and, by Decision 1/2026, imposed a fine of 10,000 EUR on the Fire Service Headquarters.

What organisations can take from it

Employees’ health information never belongs in generally accessible official records – the reason for an absence generally does not need to be disclosed.

Relevance to training and awareness

Confidential handling of employees’ health data

Authority / court
Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
Area of law
Data protection · Employee data
Legal basis
Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und c DSGVO
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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15 Dec 2025 Stichting Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen (HAN University of Applied Sciences)Netherlands: 175,000 EUR against HAN university over inadequate security after hack NetherlandsData breaches and data security €175,000

In 2021, a hacker gained access via a web form to a web server and a database server of the university, obtained, among other things, names with passwords and citizen service numbers of students and staff, and unsuccessfully demanded a ransom. According to the Dutch data protection authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, AP), security was not aligned with the risks, and the rights of a database account were not restricted.

What organisations can take from it

Give database accounts of web applications minimal rights so that a single vulnerability does not expose the entire data set.

Authority / court
Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
DSGVO Art. 32
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector
Culpability
negligent
Mitigating circumstances
Settlement without objection; active damage limitation, strengthened resilience and sharing of lessons learned with other organisations.
Published
17 Dec 2025

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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12 Dec 2025 Police Service of ScotlandICO: £66,000 fine and reprimand for Police Scotland over handling of sensitive data United KingdomData breaches and data security €75,282

The ICO fined the Police Service of Scotland £66,000 and also issued a reprimand. The ICO found that, during a criminal investigation, the police carried out a bulk download of data from the mobile phone of an employee who had made a complaint, without ensuring that this was lawful, fair and limited to what was necessary; it found infringements for the period 18 January to 5 April 2021. For this the ICO issued the reprimand under sections 35 and 37 DPA 2018 (Part 3). The ICO also found that the Professional Standards Department later disclosed this data without authorisation to the person accused, in an internal misconduct investigation. Appropriate technical and organisational measures for compiling such misconduct packs were missing, and the breach was only reported to the ICO on 30 June 2022, although the police had known of it since 17 June 2022. For these infringements the ICO imposed the fine. The combined notice relies, among other provisions, on Articles 5(1)(f) and 32(1) UK GDPR (security of processing), Articles 5(1)(c) and 25 UK GDPR (data minimisation, data protection by design) and Article 33(1) UK GDPR (breach notification).

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 5(1)(c), 5(1)(f), 25(1)-(2), 32(1) und 33(1) UK GDPR; section 155 DPA 2018 (Geldbuße); sections 35 und 37 DPA 2018 (Part 3), Verwarnung nach Schedule 13 para 2(c) DPA 2018
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector

Original amount 66,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Dec 2025.

Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link

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10 Dec 2025 University of LimerickDPC: €98,000 fine against University of Limerick after phishing of staff mailboxes IrelandData breaches and data security €98,000

Between 2018 and 2020 the university notified twelve personal data breaches, six of which involved unauthorised persons gaining access to staff email accounts through phishing and in some cases setting up forwarding rules. The DPC found infringements of Art. 5(1)(f), 30(1), 32(1), 33(1) and 34(1) GDPR, issued a reprimand and imposed fines of €45,000, €3,000, €35,000 and €15,000, totalling €98,000.

What organisations can take from it

Phishing protection for mailboxes and clear internal reporting channels determine whether data breaches are reported to the authority and affected persons on time.

Relevance to training and awareness

Recognising phishing and reporting data breaches within 72 hours

Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.

Authority / court
Data Protection Commission (DPC)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 5(1)(f), 30(1), 32(1), 33(1), 34(1) DSGVO; ss. 110–111 Data Protection Act 2018
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Mitigating circumstances
The university accepted most of the findings, acknowledged responsibility and improved its systems, training and policies; the fines are well below those in the draft and no remedial order was made.

Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link

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13 Nov 2025 Blouberg Local MunicipalityInformation Regulator: ZAR 500,000 against Blouberg municipality over personnel data online South AfricaEmployee data €25,309

The municipality had processed personal information of a former employee which was exposed on the internet; the Information Regulator treated this as a gross violation of privacy and issued an enforcement notice. Because the municipality did not implement the corrective instructions, an administrative fine of ZAR 500,000 followed; as it did not pay, the Regulator has initiated court proceedings to recover the amount.

What organisations can take from it

Personnel data remains protected after employees leave; ignoring regulatory orders risks a heavy fine and recovery proceedings.

Relevance to training and awareness

Protecting personnel data of former employees

Authority / court
Information Regulator (South Africa)
Area of law
Data protection · Employee data
Legal basis
Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA); Enforcement Notice und Infringement Notice
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Published
13 Nov 2025

Original amount 500,000 ZAR, converted at the ECB reference rate of 13 Nov 2025.

Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link

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23 Oct 2025 Comune di CurtaroloMunicipality of Curtarolo: 15,000 EUR for video surveillance of streets and employees ItalyVideo surveillance €15,000

The municipality in the province of Padua monitored public streets and work areas without a sound legal basis, without adequate information and without a data protection impact assessment; recordings were used for disciplinary purposes, and an employee was secretly filmed while on sick leave. Italy's data protection authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) imposed a fine of 15,000 EUR (5,000 EUR for public surveillance, 10,000 EUR for workplace surveillance).

What organisations can take from it

Do not repurpose video recordings for disciplinary proceedings; specific employment law protections apply to employees.

Relevance to training and awareness

Purpose limitation in video surveillance and employee data

Authority / court
Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
Area of law
Data protection · Video surveillance
Legal basis
DSGVO Art. 5, 6, 12, 13, 35, 88
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector
Sources

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23 Oct 2025 Komornik Sądowy przy Sądzie Rejonowym w S. (Gerichtsvollzieherkanzlei, im Bescheid pseudonymisiert)Bailiff: 20,900 PLN – documents with PESEL number misdirected, not notified PolandIncident reporting obligations €4,938

In October 2023, an uninvolved person received a debtor’s enforcement documents containing name, address, date of birth, PESEL number, amount of the claim and employer. The bailiff’s office neither notified the supervisory authority nor informed the data subject; the UODO (Poland’s data protection authority) imposed 7,700 PLN for the failure to notify and 13,200 PLN for the failure to inform the data subject, and ordered the data subject to be informed within three days.

What organisations can take from it

Where identification numbers such as the PESEL number are disclosed, a high risk can almost always be assumed – notification of the authority and of the data subject is then mandatory.

Relevance to training and awareness

Checking postal mailings; notifying data breaches involving identification numbers

Authority / court
Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych (UODO)
Area of law
Information security and cyber · Incident reporting obligations
Legal basis
Art. 33 Abs. 1, Art. 34 Abs. 1 und 2 DSGVO
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector

Original amount 20,900 PLN, converted at the ECB reference rate of 23 Oct 2025.

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10 Oct 2025 Ministerstvo vnútra Slovenskej republikySlovakia: another EUR 70,000 fine for the interior ministry over transfers of whistleblowers SlovakiaRetaliation against whistleblowers €70,000

The Slovak Whistleblower Protection Office again fined the Ministry of Interior, this time 70,000 EUR. From the end of August 2024 the ministry had issued personnel orders, without the Office's consent, against five protected whistleblowers in the police service, transferring them and removing them from their posts. The President of the Office dismissed the appeal on 24 November 2025.

What organisations can take from it

An organisation already sanctioned for measures against whistleblowers needs a binding approval process that checks every personnel decision against the protection register.

Relevance to training and awareness

Consent requirement before personnel measures against protected whistleblowers

Authority / court
Úrad na ochranu oznamovateľov (Slowakisches Amt für Hinweisgeberschutz)
Area of law
Whistleblower protection · Retaliation against whistleblowers
Legal basis
§ 7 Abs. 1, § 19 Abs. 3 Zákon č. 54/2019 Z. z. (Hinweisgeberschutzgesetz)
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector
Repeat case
yes
Liability of senior managers
The fine was imposed on the body as employer.

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9 Oct 2025 South Wales PoliceICO: enforcement notice against South Wales Police over subject access backlog United KingdomData subject rights and transparency Order

The ICO issued an enforcement notice to South Wales Police over serious delays in handling subject access requests. The ICO found that from April 2023 to March 2024 the force answered only 29% of requests on time; in August 2025, 352 requests were overdue, one of them by almost two years. The ICO ordered the force to clear the backlog by June 2026. The legal basis is Articles 12(3), 15(1) and 15(3) UK GDPR and section 45 of the Data Protection Act 2018. According to the notice, the force employs almost 3,000 police officers and over 2,200 other staff.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
Legal basis
Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 15(3) UK GDPR; section 45 DPA 2018; section 149 DPA 2018
Action
Order
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Employees
1,000 to 9,999

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4 Sep 2025 Einheitlicher Abwicklungsausschuss (Single Resolution Board, SRB)CJEU: pseudonymised data in disclosure to Deloitte – EDPS v SRB EU levelData subject rights and transparency –

The Single Resolution Board (SRB) passed on pseudonymised comments from former Banco Popular shareholders to Deloitte without informing the data subjects; the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) considered this an infringement of the duty to inform. The Court of Justice of the European Union (Case C-413/23 P) set aside the judgment of the General Court and clarified that the duty to inform is to be assessed from the controller's perspective at the time of collection; the case was referred back to the General Court.

What organisations can take from it

Pseudonymisation does not release the controller from informing data subjects about the recipients of their data.

Authority / court
Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union, Rs. C-413/23 P
Area of law
Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
Legal basis
Verordnung (EU) 2018/1725 (Informationspflicht)
Status of proceedings
under appeal
Sector
Public sector
Published
4 Sep 2025

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27 Aug 2025 Bristol City CouncilICO: enforcement notice against Bristol City Council over unanswered subject access requests United KingdomData subject rights and transparency Order

The ICO issued an enforcement notice to Bristol City Council because it found that the council had not responded to subject access requests as required by law. The notice relies on Articles 12(3), 15(1) and 15(3) UK GDPR and examines, among other things, the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2024.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
Legal basis
Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 15(3) UK GDPR; section 149 DPA 2018
Action
Order
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector

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24 Jul 2025 Slovenský pozemkový fondSlovak Land Fund: 6,000 EUR for late examination of a whistleblower report SlovakiaMissing or inadequate reporting channel €6,000

The state land fund examined a report from September 2022 only after 128 days and, until November 2024, did not sufficiently inform employees about the reporting procedure, protection options and the responsible person. The Úrad na ochranu oznamovateľov (Slovak Whistleblower Protection Office) imposed 6,000 EUR.

What organisations can take from it

Whistleblower reports are subject to statutory examination deadlines – anyone who misses them and does not publicise the procedure will be sanctioned.

Relevance to training and awareness

Deadlines and transparency in the internal reporting system

Authority / court
Úrad na ochranu oznamovateľov (Slowakei)
Area of law
Whistleblower protection · Missing or inadequate reporting channel
Legal basis
§ 10 Abs. 5 und 8, § 19 Gesetz Nr. 54/2019 über den Schutz von Hinweisgebern
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Culpability
negligent

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16 Jun 2025 Ústredie práce, sociálnych vecí a rodinyCentral Office ÚPSVaR: 5,000 EUR – reporting office for children’s homes not operated SlovakiaMissing or inadequate reporting channel €5,000

For months, the central authority failed to perform the tasks of the reporting office for three centres for children and families under its authority and did not make the responsible person known to employees. The Úrad na ochranu oznamovateľov (Slovak Whistleblower Protection Office) imposed 5,000 EUR; the appeal decision of 12 September 2025 reworded the operative part but left the fine at 5,000 EUR.

What organisations can take from it

Anyone running the reporting office for subordinate units must also make it visible there and handle reports from those units.

Authority / court
Úrad na ochranu oznamovateľov (Slowakisches Amt für Hinweisgeberschutz)
Area of law
Whistleblower protection · Missing or inadequate reporting channel
Legal basis
Zákon č. 54/2019 Z. z. o ochrane oznamovateľov protispoločenskej činnosti, § 10 Abs. 3 und 5, § 19 Abs. 3
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector

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12 Jun 2025 Department of Social Protection (DSP)DPC: 550,000 EUR against Irish social protection ministry over facial matching without legal basis IrelandData subject rights and transparency €550,000

For registration for the Public Services Card, the ministry created biometric facial templates of a large part of the population without a sufficiently clear legal basis, with deficient information and an incomplete data protection impact assessment. Ireland's Data Protection Commission (DPC) issued a reprimand, imposed 550,000 EUR and ordered the biometric processing to be stopped within nine months if no valid legal basis is found.

What organisations can take from it

Biometric procedures require a precise statutory basis and a complete impact assessment before they are rolled out widely.

Authority / court
Data Protection Commission (DPC)
Area of law
Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
Legal basis
Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und e, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 9 Abs. 1, Art. 13, Art. 35 Abs. 7 DSGVO
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Mitigating circumstances
No deficiencies were found in the technical and organisational security measures.
Published
12 Jun 2025

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12 Jun 2025 Ville de LongueuilCity of Longueuil pays 30,000 CAD for mowing that destroyed a protected bird's nest Canada, QCEnvironment and sustainability €18,979

During mowing work in the municipal Parc des Sorbiers in July 2024, at least one nest of the protected bobolink was destroyed; a citizen reported the find. The city pleaded guilty under the Species at Risk Act and is paying 30,000 CAD.

What organisations can take from it

Maintenance plans for green spaces must take into account the breeding seasons of protected species, and the teams carrying out the work must be briefed accordingly.

Relevance to training and awareness

Species protection in green space maintenance

Authority / court
Court of Québec (Anklage: Environment and Climate Change Canada)
Area of law
Environment and sustainability
Legal basis
Species at Risk Act, s. 33
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector
Published
12 Jun 2025

Original amount 30,000 CAD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Jun 2025.

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6 Jun 2025 South Yorkshire PoliceICO: Reprimand for South Yorkshire Police after loss of body-worn video footage United KingdomData breaches and data security Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to South Yorkshire Police. The ICO found that during a data transfer in July 2023, carried out by a third-party supplier within the digital evidence management system, 96,174 original body-worn video recordings were accidentally deleted. The ICO found that the force lacked appropriate technical and organisational security measures and could not demonstrate compliance. The action was based on the law-enforcement processing rules in Part 3 of the DPA 2018.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
section 34(3) und section 40 DPA 2018 (Part 3)
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector

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16 May 2025 London Borough of Hammersmith and FulhamICO: Reprimand for London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham over hidden data in FOI response United KingdomData breaches and data security Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. The ICO found that, in answering a Freedom of Information request, the council released a spreadsheet that contained hidden data. This exposed personal data of 6,528 people, 2,342 of them children. The ICO criticised inadequate security measures and a failure to demonstrate compliance.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 5(1)(f), 5(2), 24(1), 32(1)(b) UK GDPR; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector

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15 May 2025 Greater Manchester PoliceICO: Reprimand for Greater Manchester Police over subject access request backlog United KingdomData subject rights and transparency Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to the Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police. The ICO found that, because of a persistent backlog of historic requests, the force repeatedly failed to answer subject access requests on time. The ICO found infringements of both the UK GDPR and the law-enforcement provisions of the DPA 2018.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
Legal basis
Art. 12(3) und Art. 15 UK GDPR; section 45 und section 54 DPA 2018 (Part 3); Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Employees
10,000 or more

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9 Apr 2025 Slovenské národné múzeumSlovak National Museum: 7,000 EUR – employees not informed about reporting system SlovakiaMissing or inadequate reporting channel €7,000

The museum published no information on the protection options or on the external reporting channel and could not prove that employees were familiar with the internal reporting rules – there were no signature lists and no proof of intranet access. The Úrad na ochranu oznamovateľov (Slovak Whistleblower Protection Office) imposed 7,000 EUR.

What organisations can take from it

Informing employees about the reporting system must be documented – without proof, it is deemed not to have taken place.

Relevance to training and awareness

Informing employees about internal and external reporting channels

Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.

Authority / court
Úrad na ochranu oznamovateľov (Slowakisches Amt für Hinweisgeberschutz)
Area of law
Whistleblower protection · Missing or inadequate reporting channel
Legal basis
Zákon č. 54/2019 Z. z. o ochrane oznamovateľov protispoločenskej činnosti, § 10 Abs. 5, § 19 Abs. 3
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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14 Mar 2025 Greater Manchester PoliceICO: Reprimand for Greater Manchester Police over lost CCTV footage and late subject access response United KingdomData breaches and data security Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to the Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police. The ICO found that CCTV footage from a police station custody suite in 2021, which was to be retained because of serious allegations against officers, was not checked for completeness when it was preserved and was partly lost. In addition, the individual concerned did not receive their data on time after a subject access request. The action was based on the law-enforcement processing rules in the DPA 2018.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
section 45(3)(a) und (b) DPA 2018; sechster Datenschutzgrundsatz (section 40 DPA 2018, Part 3)
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Employees
10,000 or more

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14 Feb 2025 Obec SološnicaMunicipality of Sološnica: 200 EUR – contradictory reporting rules and missing information on protection SlovakiaMissing or inadequate reporting channel €200

The municipality did not publish any information on the protection available to whistleblowers and at times had two valid, contradictory sets of rules on the internal reporting procedure online without stating which applied. The Office imposed a fine of 200 EUR.

What organisations can take from it

Reporting rules must be unambiguous and up to date – remove outdated versions from the internet.

Authority / court
Úrad na ochranu oznamovateľov (Slowakisches Amt für Hinweisgeberschutz)
Area of law
Whistleblower protection · Missing or inadequate reporting channel
Legal basis
Zákon č. 54/2019 Z. z. o ochrane oznamovateľov protispoločenskej činnosti, § 10 Abs. 5, § 19 Abs. 2
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector

Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link

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4 Feb 2025 Glasgow City CouncilICO: Reprimand for Glasgow City Council over late subject access responses United KingdomData subject rights and transparency Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to Glasgow City Council. The ICO found that between April 2023 and March 2024 the council answered only 45% of subject access requests within the statutory deadline. The ICO found infringements of the requirements to respond on time.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
Legal basis
Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 15(3) UK GDPR; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Employees
10,000 or more

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3 Feb 2025 City of Edinburgh CouncilICO: Reprimand for City of Edinburgh Council over late subject access responses United KingdomData subject rights and transparency Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to the City of Edinburgh Council. The ICO found that in 2023 the council failed to answer 40% of subject access requests within the one-month statutory deadline. The ICO found infringements of the requirements to respond on time.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
Legal basis
Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 15(3) UK GDPR; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Employees
10,000 or more

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21 Jan 2025 Užimtumo tarnyba prie Lietuvos Respublikos socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministerijosEmployment service sends Excel file with data of 29,636 clients – 9,000 EUR LithuaniaData breaches and data security €9,000

An employee accidentally attached an Excel file containing data of 29,636 clients, including health data, to an e-mail sent to 292 clients. The Valstybinė duomenų apsaugos inspekcija (Lithuanian State Data Protection Inspectorate, VDAI) found that measures to prevent data leakage had not been sufficiently tested and that the employee had not been involved in data classification and had been insufficiently instructed; fine of 9,000 EUR. Date = publication; source: archived copy.

What organisations can take from it

One wrong attachment is enough for a mass data breach – DLP tools only help if all employees are trained and involved.

Relevance to training and awareness

Checking e-mail attachments, data classification

Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.

Authority / court
Valstybinė duomenų apsaugos inspekcija (VDAI)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 24 Abs. 1, Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und d DSGVO
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Published
21 Jan 2025

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8 Jan 2025 National Court Administration (법원행정처)Court administration: 213 million KRW after theft of 1,014 GB of case files South KoreaData breaches and data security €141,669

Through a port between the internal and external networks that had been opened for convenience, attackers entered the e-litigation server of the National Court Administration and took 1,014 GB of case documents; the 4.7 GB that were recovered contained data on 17,998 people, including resident registration numbers. The authority criticised unencrypted documents, unchanged, easily guessed initial passwords on administrator accounts, missing security software on one server and a report only in December 2023, although there had been indications of the leak since April 2023. It imposed a penalty surcharge of 207,000,000 KRW and an administrative fine of 6,000,000 KRW (213,000,000 KRW in total), recommended disciplinary action and improvements and is publishing the imposition of the administrative fine on its website for one year.

What organisations can take from it

Public bodies too must change initial passwords, close unnecessary network crossings and report a detected data leak without delay.

Relevance to training and awareness

Initial passwords and timely incident reporting

Authority / court
Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법) Art. 24(3), Art. 24-2(2), Art. 29, Art. 34(1) und (3); Sanktion nach Art. 34-2 a. F.
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Culpability
negligent
Mitigating circumstances
After an increase of 20%, the amount was reduced by 25%, taking into account protective efforts such as an ISMS certification (2020–2023).
Liability of senior managers
Measures against individuals are not set out here.
Published
9 Jan 2025

Original amount 213,000,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 8 Jan 2025.

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27 Nov 2024 Lyngby-Taarbæk KommuneLyngby-Taarbæk: police report with proposed fine over missing MFA and legacy accounts DenmarkData breaches and data security Other

At least 1,000 former employees retained access after leaving to the KMD Nexus specialist system containing data on around 30,000 citizens; one former employee viewed 1,022 citizen records. In addition, an unauthorised person used an employee's login credentials for Office services containing information on around 5,000 people – both systems had been accessible from the internet for years without multi-factor authentication. The Danish data protection authority (Datatilsynet) reported the municipality to the police and proposed a fine of 350,000 to 400,000 DKK; the case is still pending before the courts, and no fine has been imposed so far.

What organisations can take from it

Revoke access immediately when employees leave, and protect remote access with multi-factor authentication.

Relevance to training and awareness

Offboarding, access rights and multi-factor authentication

Authority / court
Datatilsynet
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32
Action
Other
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Published
27 Nov 2024

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26 Nov 2024 Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap (Nationaal Archief)AP: formal warning to culture ministry over putting the CABR archive online NetherlandsData protection Reprimand or warning

The Nationaal Archief (Dutch National Archives) planned to publish the archive of the post-war special jurisdiction (CABR), with some 485,000 files on suspected collaboration, online and full-text searchable for everyone from January 2025. Because, in the AP's assessment, this would have disclosed special category and criminal data of people still alive without any statutory exemption, the AP (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Dutch data protection authority) issued a formal warning to the Minister of Education, Culture and Science as controller.

What organisations can take from it

Before digitising sensitive holdings and putting them online, check whether a statutory basis supports publication also for people concerned who are still alive.

Relevance to training and awareness

Publishing historical archives containing sensitive data of living persons

Authority / court
Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
Area of law
Data protection
Legal basis
DSGVO (AVG), insbesondere Art. 9 und 10; förmliche Warnung vor einer voraussichtlich rechtswidrigen Verarbeitung
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector
Published
6 Dec 2024

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13 Nov 2024 Electoral Commission of South Africa (IEC)Information Regulator: ZAR 100,000 against the Electoral Commission after candidate list leak South AfricaData breaches and data security €5,224

After candidate lists for the 2024 elections were released without authorisation, the Information Regulator found inadequate organisational safeguards and issued an enforcement notice on 10 September 2024. Because the Electoral Commission did not demonstrate compliance within the deadline (31 days), an infringement notice with an administrative fine of ZAR 100,000 followed.

What organisations can take from it

After a data breach, remediation alone is not enough; compliance must also be demonstrated to the regulator on time, and missed deadlines lead straight to a fine.

Relevance to training and awareness

Implementing regulatory remediation orders after a data leak

Authority / court
Information Regulator (South Africa)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA); Enforcement Notice und Infringement Notice
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Published
13 Nov 2024

Original amount 100,000 ZAR, converted at the ECB reference rate of 13 Nov 2024.

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11 Nov 2024 Správa účelových zariadeníState body SÚZ: 2,000 EUR – no reporting office of its own, channels not published SlovakiaMissing or inadequate reporting channel €2,000

Instead of designating its own responsible person, the body subordinate to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with at least 50 employees, had named the ministry’s secretary general and had not published the reporting channels in a way accessible to all employees. The Office imposed 2,000 EUR.

What organisations can take from it

Every obliged organisation needs its own reporting office that is known internally – the responsibility of the parent body is not sufficient.

Authority / court
Úrad na ochranu oznamovateľov (Slowakisches Amt für Hinweisgeberschutz)
Area of law
Whistleblower protection · Missing or inadequate reporting channel
Legal basis
Zákon č. 54/2019 Z. z. o ochrane oznamovateľov protispoločenskej činnosti, § 10 Abs. 1 und 5, § 19 Abs. 2
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector

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18 Oct 2024 Vilniaus rajono savivaldybės administracijaRansomware attack on Vilnius district administration – data protection fine of 9,000 EUR LithuaniaData breaches and data security €9,000

Following a break-in into the district administration’s servers in which data were encrypted, services failed and social benefits were delayed. The Valstybinė duomenų apsaugos inspekcija (Lithuanian State Data Protection Inspectorate, VDAI) found insufficient malware protection, deficient management of rights and passwords, a lack of recovery and insufficient information of data subjects and imposed 9,000 EUR. Date = publication; source: archived copy.

What organisations can take from it

Backups, patch management and password rules are a data protection duty for public authorities too – and data subjects must receive specific advice on protecting themselves.

Relevance to training and awareness

Password security, ransomware preparedness

Authority / court
Valstybinė duomenų apsaugos inspekcija (VDAI)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b, c und d, Art. 34 Abs. 2 DSGVO
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Published
18 Oct 2024

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14 Oct 2024 Southend-on-Sea City CouncilICO: Reprimand for Southend-on-Sea City Council over hidden staff data in FOI response United KingdomData breaches and data security Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to Southend-on-Sea City Council. The ICO found that in a Freedom of Information response published on a public platform in May 2023, a spreadsheet contained hidden personal data of current and former staff, including contact, pay and health details. The error was only noticed months later. The ICO found a breach of the requirement for appropriate data security.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 5(1)(f) UK GDPR; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Sources

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26 Sep 2024 a UK police serviceICO: £750,000 against a UK police service after spreadsheet error in FOI response United KingdomData breaches and data securityanonymised €898,979

In its response to a freedom of information request, a UK police service published an Excel file whose hidden worksheet contained the surnames, initials, rank and role of all its employees. The file was visible for just over two hours and was deleted after almost three hours; the police service assumed that it had fallen into the hands of militant groups.

What organisations can take from it

Before releasing any file, check for hidden sheets, metadata and raw data; a four-eyes approval process prevents such breaches.

Relevance to training and awareness

Checking files before publication (hidden worksheets)

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
UK GDPR Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 2
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Employees
1,000 to 9,999
Culpability
negligent
Mitigating circumstances
Application of the public sector approach; without it, the fine would have been £5.6 million.
Published
3 Oct 2024

Original amount 750,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Sep 2024.

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9 Aug 2024 a Brazilian federal ministryANPD: two reprimands for a federal ministry over security flaw in an access system BrazilData breaches and data securityanonymised Reprimand or warning

The ANPD issued two reprimands to a Brazilian federal ministry because, through a vulnerability in an application programming interface of its access and permissions system, personal data such as name, date of birth, mother's name and address could be retrieved when valid CPF numbers were queried: one for inadequately informing data subjects about the security incident (Art. 48 LGPD) and one for insufficient security of the systems (Art. 49 LGPD). Corrective measures were attached, including correcting the notice on the website regarding data categories, risks and the reasons for the delayed information, and a timetable for technical measures; the Board of Directors rejected the appeal in December 2025 and confirmed the final implementation deadline of 31 December 2025 set by the enforcement unit.

What organisations can take from it

After a security incident, data subjects must be fully informed about the data potentially exposed, the risks and the reasons for any delay in notification.

Relevance to training and awareness

Informing data subjects after breaches and securing interfaces

Authority / court
Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD), Coordenação-Geral de Fiscalização
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 48 und 49 Lei nº 13.709/2018 (LGPD); Art. 55 § 2 I Regulamento de Fiscalização (Resolução CD/ANPD nº 1/2021)
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector
Published
9 Aug 2024

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22 Jul 2024 an academy school in EssexICO: reprimand for school over facial recognition without an impact assessment United KingdomData protectionanonymised Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to an academy in Essex with around 1,200 pupils aged 11 to 18. According to the ICO's findings, the school introduced facial recognition for cashless catering in March 2023 without first carrying out the required data protection impact assessment, which was only completed in November 2023. Until then it assumed consent unless parents had opted their children out, which in the ICO's view is not valid consent, and it did not seek advice from its data protection officer. The reprimand is based on an infringement of Article 35(1) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection
Legal basis
Art. 35(1) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Sources

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5 Jul 2024 a London borough councilICO: reprimand for London borough council after a ransomware attack United KingdomSecurity measures and risk managementanonymised Reprimand or warning

On 5 July 2024 the ICO issued an (updated) reprimand to a London borough council. According to the reprimand, it followed a ransomware attack that the council became aware of on 11 October 2020: the attacker was able to access and encrypt 440,000 files containing personal data, including special category data, relating to at least 280,000 residents and other people, including staff. According to the ICO's findings, patch management and user account management were inadequate, in breach of Articles 5(1)(f) and 32(1)(b) UK GDPR. The ICO had initially considered a fine but, taking into account its approach to the public sector and the circumstances of the case, decided on a reprimand.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Information security and cyber · Security measures and risk management
Legal basis
Art. 5(1)(f) und 32(1)(b) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Sources

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24 Jun 2024 a Slovak government ministrySlovakia: EUR 90,000 fine for a ministry over measures against protected whistleblowers SlovakiaRetaliation against whistleblowersanonymised €90,000

The Slovak Whistleblower Protection Office fined a ministry of the Slovak Republic 90,000 EUR. In October and November 2023 the ministry issued personnel orders against protected whistleblowers in the police service without the statutory consent of the Office, ten persons in the first-instance decision, such as temporary suspensions from service, transfers and removals from senior posts. The President of the Office upheld the fine in full on 23 October 2024 and discontinued the proceedings only for one individual act.

What organisations can take from it

Before any employment or service measure against protected whistleblowers, HR must check whether the authority's consent is required and obtain it.

Relevance to training and awareness

Consent requirement before personnel measures against protected whistleblowers

Authority / court
Úrad na ochranu oznamovateľov (Slowakisches Amt für Hinweisgeberschutz)
Area of law
Whistleblower protection · Retaliation against whistleblowers
Legal basis
§ 7 Abs. 1, § 19 Abs. 3 Zákon č. 54/2019 Z. z. (Hinweisgeberschutzgesetz)
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector
Liability of senior managers
The fine was imposed on the body as employer.

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27 May 2024 a Danish municipalityDanish municipality: 200,000 DKK after disclosing protected addresses of children to parents DenmarkData breaches and data securityanonymised €26,803

Following a system change, both parents with custody gained access to letters from the municipal dental care service and automatically received letters containing, in some cases, protected addresses of the children – without any check as to whether the disclosure was permissible. The Danish Data Protection Agency (Datatilsynet) criticised the lack of change management; the municipality accepted a fine notice of 200,000 DKK.

What organisations can take from it

Whenever access rights or automated mailing processes are changed, check in advance who will see which data afterwards.

Relevance to training and awareness

Change management for IT systems holding sensitive data

Authority / court
Anklagemyndigheden (Bødeforelæg) auf Anzeige der Datatilsynet
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
DSGVO Art. 32
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
final
Sector
Public sector

Original amount 200,000 DKK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 27 May 2024.

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9 May 2024 a UK public bodyICO: reprimand for UK public body after an attack on its email server United KingdomSecurity measures and risk managementanonymised Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to a UK public body. According to the ICO's findings, unknown attackers got into the body's on-premises email server from 24 August 2021 via a chain of known vulnerabilities; the data affected came mainly from the electoral register, with the names and home addresses of around 40 million people. The security patches for these vulnerabilities had been released in April and May 2021 but had not been applied. In addition, an audit found that 178 active accounts could be cracked quickly because their passwords were identical or similar to the initial passwords issued by the service desk. The ICO found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f) and 32(1)(b) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Information security and cyber · Security measures and risk management
Legal basis
Art. 5(1)(f) und 32(1)(b) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Sources

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2 Apr 2024 a Greek government ministryGreek ministry fined EUR 175,000 over camp surveillance systems GreeceVideo surveillanceanonymised €175,000

The Archi Prostasias Dedomenon (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) examined on its own initiative a digital security monitoring system (including video surveillance and drones) and an access control system using fingerprints in reception and closed controlled facilities for third-country nationals. In a 2024 decision it imposed EUR 100,000 because no complete data protection impact assessment and no data protection by design were in place before procurement and deployment, and EUR 75,000 for unclear, incomplete and contradictory information and missing documents provided to the authority. The ministry must also achieve GDPR compliance within three months.

What organisations can take from it

Surveillance and biometric systems need an impact assessment before procurement – and complete, consistent answers to the regulator.

Relevance to training and awareness

Data protection impact assessments before introducing surveillance and biometric systems

Authority / court
Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
Area of law
Data protection · Video surveillance
Legal basis
Art. 25, 31, 35, 58 Abs. 2 lit. d und i DSGVO
Action
Fine
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector

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2 Apr 2024 a Hong Kong state-owned technology park companyRansomware at technology park company: PCPD finds breaches and serves enforcement notice Hong KongData breaches and data securityanonymised Order

After a ransomware attack in August 2023 on the technology park company, which is wholly owned by the Hong Kong government, data of 13,632 individuals were affected; data samples appeared on the dark web. On 2 April 2024 the PCPD (Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, Hong Kong's data protection authority) found breaches of the data security duty (DPP 4(1)) and the retention limit (DPP 2(2)): brute-force attacks went undetected, remote access ran without multi-factor authentication, security audits were insufficient, the security policy lacked specificity, and data of 5,292 unsuccessful job applicants and former employees had been kept beyond the retention period. By enforcement notice, the company must among other things introduce multi-factor authentication, commission independent security audits every year and delete data held beyond the retention periods.

What organisations can take from it

Multi-factor authentication for remote access and consistent deletion once retention periods expire limit both the damage and the liability in a cyberattack.

Relevance to training and awareness

Ransomware, multi-factor authentication for remote access and retention periods

Authority / court
Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), Hongkong
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486), Data Protection Principles 4(1) und 2(2); Enforcement Notice nach s. 50(1)
Action
Order
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Published
2 Apr 2024

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18 Mar 2024 a council-owned children's services company in EnglandICO: reprimand for children's services company over a disclosure in a child protection plan United KingdomData breaches and data securityanonymised Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to a children's services company owned by an English city council but operating independently of it. According to the ICO's findings, on 10 November 2022 the trust sent a family a child protection plan that wrongly included information about another person, including a child's data and criminal offence data. Among other things, the ICO criticised the trust for being unable to show clear, role-specific procedures or policies explaining how staff in the department concerned should apply data protection in practice. It found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f), 32(1)(b) and 32(2) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 5(1)(f), 32(1)(b) und 32(2) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Sources

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13 Mar 2024 a London police oversight bodyICO: reprimand for London police oversight body over publicly accessible web forms United KingdomData breaches and data securityanonymised Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to the body that oversees policing in London. According to the ICO's findings, a permissions error at its processor between 11 and 14 November 2022 made two web forms public, including a form for contacting the London Victims' Commissioner. Only on 23 February 2023 did a member of the public tell the body that users could view every query submitted through the form; 394 people were later notified. According to the ICO, there is no evidence that the data was ever accessed. The ICO found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f) and 32(1) UK GDPR. The published document is partly worded as a provisional decision ("provisionally decided"); the ICO lists the reprimand as issued on its case page and confirmed it in a press release of 14 March 2024. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Art. 5(1)(f) und 32(1) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Sources

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5 Mar 2024 an English police forceICO: reprimand for police force over an ID photo shared via a messaging app United KingdomData breaches and data securityanonymised Reprimand or warning

The ICO issued a reprimand to the chief constable of an English police force. According to the ICO's findings, in February 2021 an officer photographed a person's identity document on her personal mobile phone and uploaded the image to a messaging app group used by several UK police forces and international law enforcement agencies to tackle vehicle crime; the person was not told about this. The ICO was concerned that the sustained use of the group went unnoticed by supervisors, which it saw as a sign of a lack of data protection awareness. It found an infringement of section 40 DPA 2018 (the security principle for law enforcement processing). The reprimand is dated 5 March 2024; the ICO case page lists the case under 15 March 2024.

Authority / court
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Area of law
Data protection · Data breaches and data security
Legal basis
Section 40 DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR/Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
Action
Reprimand or warning
Status of proceedings
unknown
Sector
Public sector
Sources

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