Compliance Radar
Who was sanctioned, and for what?
Fines, court rulings and incidents from Europe, North America, Latin America, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa: 2,203 cases from 44 jurisdictions, each with an official source and checked against that source before publication. Filter by country, area of law and sector. Click a chart to drill down one level.
Click a bar to drill down one level.
Where?
by regionAll jurisdictions
- EU €5.02bn 73 % · 283 cases
- USA €1.26bn 18 % · 16 cases
- South Korea €455.8m 7 % · 15 cases
- United Kingdom €65.8m 1 % · 145 cases
- Brazil €25.6m 0 % · 6 cases
- Australia €3.28m 0 % · 7 cases
- Norway €2.37m 0 % · 5 cases
- Singapore €650,227 0 % · 17 cases
- South Africa €35,595 0 % · 7 cases
- Iceland €33,978 0 % · 2 cases
- 5 more€1,193
What for?
by topic- International data transfers €2.13bn 31 % · 14 cases
- Cookies and tracking €1.79bn 26 % · 21 cases
- Data breaches and data security €1.17bn 17 % · 169 cases
- Data subject rights and transparency €829.1m 12 % · 93 cases
- Marketing and consent €750.3m 11 % · 116 cases
- no topic €69.9m 1 % · 41 cases
- Data processors €63.9m 1 % · 24 cases
- Employee data €25.2m 0 % · 28 cases
- Video surveillance €2.28m 0 % · 23 cases
Who?
by sectorAll sectors
- Media and online platforms €4.14bn 61 % · 49 cases
- Telecoms, IT and software €1.52bn 22 % · 62 cases
- Transport, logistics and shipping €437.7m 6 % · 26 cases
- Retail and e-commerce €424.1m 6 % · 51 cases
- Energy and utilities €121.5m 2 % · 29 cases
- Financial services and insurance €102.7m 2 % · 64 cases
- Other €44.8m 1 % · 81 cases
- Healthcare €26.3m 0 % · 45 cases
- Public sector €13.7m 0 % · 85 cases
- Food and agriculture €4.21m 0 % · 7 cases
- 4 more€2.55m
When?
per year, by date of decision| Period | Cases | Total |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 47 | €983.5m |
| 2023 | 120 | €1.69bn |
| 2024 | 124 | €1.19bn |
| 2025 | 137 | €2.45bn |
| 2026 | 101 | €522.9m |
529 cases
22 Sep 2026 Miljödata i Karlskrona AktiebolagIMY: 1.8 million SEK against HR software provider Miljödata after data leak €160,053
The provider of web-based systems for sickness reporting, rehabilitation and occupational safety incidents was hacked in August 2025; the stolen personal data appeared on the dark web shortly afterwards. The Swedish data protection authority (Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten, IMY) found that, despite the high need for protection, there were no adequate security measures and no automatic real-time monitoring for attacks, assessed this as negligent and imposed 1,800,000 SEK.
Service providers hosting the health and personnel data of many employers need real-time attack detection, not just perimeter protection.
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Culpability
- negligent
- Published
- 22 Sep 2026
Original amount 1,800,000 SEK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 22 Sep 2026.
- IMY Tillsyn: Miljödata i Karlskrona AB Press release of an authority
- Beslut efter tillsyn enligt dataskyddsförordningen – Miljödata i Karlskrona Aktiebolag (IMY-2025-21177) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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17 Sep 2026 PFC Technologies Co., Ltd. (vormals PeopleFund Company)P2P lending platform shared customer data without consent: FSS sanctions PFC €45,990
According to the sanctions disclosure of the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS, Korea's financial supervisor), the online lending platform PFC Technologies transferred the resident registration numbers of 8,497 customers to a third party without their consent on 28 September 2022 in order to calculate the error rate of a new service for mortgage customers, and received credit information on the same customers from that third party, likewise without consent (such as the address and official value of their properties); in addition, when the inspection began it had not implemented password rules against easily guessed numbers. The sanction of 17 September 2026 comprises an institutional warning, an administrative fine (과태료) of KRW 24 million and a penalty surcharge (과징금) of KRW 49 million, KRW 73 million in total.
Even for internal tests and quality measurements, customer data may only be passed to third parties with consent or a clear legal basis.
Consent for sharing credit data and password rules
- Authority / court
- Financial Supervisory Service (FSS)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 19, 32 und 34 Credit Information Use and Protection Act; Art. 16, 28 und 29 Durchführungsverordnung
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Liability of senior managers
- Measures against individuals are not set out here.
- Published
- 17 Sep 2026
Original amount 73,000,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 17 Sep 2026.
- FSS 제재내용 공개 (Sanktionsveröffentlichung), 피에프씨테크놀로지스 주식회사, 17.09.2026 Enforcement database of an authority
- FSS-PDF: 피에프씨테크놀로지스 제재내용 공개안 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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3 Sep 2026 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. – Niederlassung Italien (BBVA Italia)Garante: 5.5 million EUR against BBVA Italia over advertising despite objection €5.51m
For seven months (October 2025 to May 2026), the bank continued to send a customer advertising via its app, although he had objected several times. The Italian data protection authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) also found deficient systems for implementing objections and inaccurate information about the processing, and imposed 5,508,000 EUR (Provvedimento No. 613).
An objection to advertising must take effect immediately and reliably across all channels – including app messages.
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 12, 21, 24 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 11 Sep 2026
- Newsletter del 11 settembre 2026 – Garante privacy Press release of an authority
- Provvedimento n. 613 del 3 settembre 2026 (BBVA Italia) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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3 Sep 2026 Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC)Garante: Udine hospital group pays 24,000 EUR for viewing a colleague's patient record €24,000
Hospital staff opened a colleague's electronic health record to organise duty rosters during Covid rather than for treatment purposes. Technical barriers limiting access to treating staff were lacking; the Italian data protection authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) imposed 24,000 EUR (Provvedimento No. 616).
Patient records may only be opened for treatment – include this in training and secure it technically through role-based rights and logging.
Purpose limitation when accessing patient records
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, b, c, f, Art. 9, 25, 32 DSGVO; Art. 75 Codice privacy; Linee guida dossier sanitario
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Published
- 11 Sep 2026
- Newsletter del 11 settembre 2026 – Garante privacy Press release of an authority
- Garante privacy, azienda sanitaria di Udine sanzionata per 24mila euro Press release of an authority
- Garante – Provvedimento n. 616 del 3 settembre 2026 [10293994] (ASUFC) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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3 Sep 2026 ASIS – Azienda Speciale per la gestione degli Impianti Sportivi (Trento)Garante: 8,000 EUR for cameras in swimming pool changing rooms of a Trentino sports operator €8,000
Since 2007, the municipal sports facilities operator had had cameras in the changing rooms of a swimming pool that recorded the locker area. The Italian data protection authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) found no sound legal basis, incomplete notices and a 72-hour retention period not justified by a necessity assessment, and imposed 8,000 EUR (Provvedimento No. 619); the cameras were removed during the proceedings.
Changing rooms and comparably intimate areas are off limits for video surveillance – even when theft prevention is the motive.
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 6 Abs. 1 lit. c und e DSGVO; Art. 2-ter Codice privacy
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 11 Sep 2026
- Newsletter del 11 settembre 2026 – Garante privacy Press release of an authority
- Garante – Provvedimento n. 619 del 3 settembre 2026 [10294255] (ASIS Trento) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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26 Aug 2026 GS Retail Co., Ltd.GS Retail: 12.839 billion KRW after credential stuffing on GS SHOP and GS25 €7.95m
Using credentials stolen elsewhere, attackers logged in en masse on the websites of GS SHOP (June 2024 to February 2025) and GS25 (December 2024 to January 2025) and obtained data on 1,581,025 and 79,128 people respectively; GS Retail Co., Ltd. detected neither the bursts of login attempts from the same IP addresses nor the rising number of failed attempts, and after the first discovery at GS25 did not stop the parallel attack on GS SHOP. The authority also found an inadequate data protection organisation and that 1,599 further people were notified more than 72 hours late, imposed a penalty surcharge of 12,836,000,000 KRW and an administrative fine of 3,000,000 KRW (12,839,000,000 KRW in total) and ordered detection measures and a review of the data protection organisation.
Login pages need rate limiting and anomaly detection; after a first credential-stuffing finding, all of a company’s portals must be checked.
Credential stuffing and password reuse
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법) Art. 29, Art. 34(1); Sanktion nach Art. 64-2(1) Nr. 9
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Reduction of 30% because no benefit was derived and 40% for cooperation, remediation and protective efforts (ISMS-P certification, self-regulation, privacy impact assessment); increase of 50% because the infringement lasted more than two years.
- Liability of senior managers
- The company was ordered to deploy dedicated data protection staff and to define the powers and responsibility of its chief privacy officer (CPO) clearly.
- Published
- 31 Aug 2026
Original amount 12,839,000,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Aug 2026.
- PIPC, 심의·의결서 제2026-017-107호 (㈜지에스리테일), 26.08.2026 Decision of an authority
- PIPC, Entscheidungsdatenbank (위원회 결정문), Eintrag 2025조이0004 Enforcement database of an authority
- PIPC-Pressemitteilung vom 31.08.2026: ㈜지에스리테일 유출사고에 대해 과징금 128억 3,600만 원, 과태료 300만 원 부과 Press release of an authority
- PIPC press release (English), 03.09.2026: The PIPC Sanctions GS Retail and Three Other Businesses Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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25 Aug 2026 Health Service Executive (HSE)Irish health service HSE: 645,000 EUR for neglected paper patient records €645,000
In 2023, intruders gained access to two former psychiatric hospitals and posted videos of the patient records stored there online. An inspection of twelve sites found records with mould, water and animal damage in unsuitable rooms, up to and including shipping containers. Ireland's Data Protection Commission (DPC) imposed a fine of 645,000 EUR, issued a reprimand and ordered audits and the relocation of records.
Data protection also applies to paper archives in disused buildings – retention requires an inventory, erasure periods and physical security.
Physical security and retention of paper records
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e und f, 32 Abs. 1, 33 Abs. 1, 34 Abs. 1
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Public sector
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 2 Sep 2026
- Data Protection Commission announces Final Decision following Inquiry into the Health Service Executive (HSE) Press release of an authority
- EDPB – DPC announces Final Decision following Inquiry into the HSE Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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24 Aug 2026 ByteDance Brasil Tecnologia Ltda. (TikTok)ANPD fines TikTok operator 153.77 million BRL over data of minors €25.6m
The Agência Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD, Brazilian data protection authority) imposed three fines totalling 153,769,671.33 BRL on ByteDance Brasil Tecnologia Ltda., which operates TikTok in Brazil (63,176,686.67 BRL each for breaches of Art. 7 and Art. 6 VIII LGPD, and 27,416,297.99 BRL for Art. 6 X LGPD). According to the decision, data of children and adolescents were processed without a valid legal basis both in the feed available without registration and when accounts were created, and effective preventive and accountability measures were lacking. The authority also ordered the deletion of data of registered adolescents aged 13 to 18 whose legal representation is not regularised within 60 working days, backed by a daily penalty of 137,081.49 BRL for each day of delay.
Platforms that reach minors need a sound legal basis and demonstrably effective safeguards – including for services used without registration.
Protecting the data of children and adolescents on online platforms
- Authority / court
- Agência Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD), Superintendência de Fiscalização
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 VIII, Art. 6 X und Art. 7 LGPD (Lei nº 13.709/2018); Sanktionen nach Art. 52 LGPD; Resolução CD/ANPD nº 4/2023 (Regulamento de Dosimetria)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 25 Aug 2026
Original amount 153,769,671.33 BRL, converted at the ECB reference rate of 24 Aug 2026.
- ANPD – Despacho Decisório nº 27/2026/CGS/SFI, Processo nº 00261.006648/2024-02 (ByteDance Brasil) Decision of an authority
- ANPD – ANPD multa TikTok em R$ 153,7 milhões por falhas na proteção de dados de crianças e adolescentes (25.08.2026) Press release of an authority
- Diário Oficial da União, 25.08.2026 – Despacho Decisório nº 27/2026/CGS/SFI Official register or notice
- ANPD – Decisões em Processos Sancionadores (Übersicht) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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19 Aug 2026 Poliserv JG (PJG) SRLPhishing on admin account – Poliserv JG must pay 3,000 EUR €2,998
Attackers obtained the credentials of a user account with administrator rights through phishing and accessed customer data. The Romanian data protection authority (ANSPDCP) criticised the lack of technical and organisational measures and of regular effectiveness testing, imposed 15,728 lei (3,000 EUR) and ordered regular employee training, including on recognising phishing e-mails. Date = publication of the press release; according to the authority, the investigation was concluded in the previous month.
Admin accounts need MFA, and all employees must be able to recognise phishing – the supervisory authority now expressly orders training.
Phishing recognition, protection of privileged accounts
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Published
- 19 Aug 2026
Original amount 15,728 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 19 Aug 2026.
- ANSPDCP – Comunicat de presă 19.08.2026 (Poliserv JG (PJG) SRL) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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19 Aug 2026 KDDI株式会社 (KDDI Corporation)KDDI: data protection authority guidance after leak of 12.2 million email credentials Reprimand or warning
Through a software vulnerability in a mail platform developed by KDDI and provided to several internet service providers, unauthorised parties obtained the credentials (email address and password) of 12,231,954 people; 7,616,173 passwords were stored in plain text, so mailboxes could be read (discovered on 17 June 2026). The authority gave KDDI guidance (shidō) under Art. 147 APPI to improve its technical security measures because access controls against attackers spreading through the system had been inadequate, required a report by 19 October 2026 and also gave such guidance to individual providers responsible for the plain-text storage.
Passwords must never be stored in plain text, and platforms that serve many customers need layered defences against attackers spreading after a breach.
Password security and password reuse
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC, 個人情報保護委員会)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI, 個人情報の保護に関する法律) Art. 147, Art. 146 Abs. 1
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 19 Aug 2026
- PPC – KDDI株式会社及びインターネットサービスプロバイダに対する個人情報の保護に関する法律に基づく行政上の対応並びにメールサービス利用者に対する注意喚起について(令和8年8月19日, PDF) Press release of an authority
- PPC – Pressemitteilung KDDI (19.08.2026) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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12 Aug 2026 Lab Pharma ASLab Pharma AS: NOK 205,000 for threatening Datatilsynet staff €18,745
Datatilsynet (Norwegian Data Protection Authority) fined the online dietary supplement retailer Lab Pharma AS NOK 205,000 for breaching its duty to cooperate with the supervisory authority (Art. 31 GDPR): the company had threatened case handlers with police reports and lawsuits in order to end the investigation of a complaint, and submitted requested documents late. The authority also ordered the company to delete the name and images of a former advertising partner (an influencer) from all its websites and to stop using her data for marketing until it can demonstrate a legal basis, as the underlying contract had already expired in March 2017.
Anyone who considers a supervisory order unlawful must use the available appeal routes – threats against case handlers and missed deadlines become a sanctionable breach in their own right.
Dealing with supervisory authorities and the duty to cooperate
- Authority / court
- Datatilsynet
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 31, Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. f, g und i, Art. 83 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Culpability
- intentional
- Liability of senior managers
- Datatilsynet attributed the intentional conduct of the company's management to the company.
- Published
- 17 Aug 2026
Original amount 205,000 NOK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Aug 2026.
- Datatilsynet: Overtredelsesgebyr til Lab Pharma AS (17.08.2026) Press release of an authority
- Datatilsynet, Vedtak om overtredelsesgebyr og pålegg om sletting og stans – Lab Pharma AS, 23/00435-62, 12.08.2026 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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7 Aug 2026 ACRO Criminal Records OfficeICO: reprimand for ACRO Criminal Records Office after cyber incident Reprimand or warning
The UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) issued a reprimand to ACRO Criminal Records Office. According to the ICO, it followed a cyber incident that may have affected the personal data of around 10,000 people in the UK. The ICO found infringements of the duty to implement appropriate technical and organisational security measures under Article 32 UK GDPR. No fine was imposed.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32(1), 32(1)(b) und 32(1)(d) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO Enforcement: ACRO Criminal Records Office. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Reprimand: ACRO Criminal Records Office (7 August 2026) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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6 Aug 2026 Elderly Aids LimitedICO: £190,000 fine for Elderly Aids over unsolicited marketing calls €221,691
The ICO fined Elderly Aids Limited, a seller of call-blocking devices, £190,000 and also issued an enforcement notice. The ICO found that the company had made 758,053 unsolicited direct marketing calls to numbers registered with the TPS/CTPS whose subscribers had not agreed to such calls, leading to 20 complaints. The legal basis is regulations 21 and 24 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 7 September 2026 reduces the amount by 20% to £152,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße), section 40 DPA 1998 (Anordnung)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
Original amount 190,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 6 Aug 2026.
- ICO Enforcement: Elderly Aids Limited (MPN). Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: Elderly Aids Limited (6 August 2026) Decision of an authority
- Enforcement Notice: Elderly Aids Limited (6 August 2026) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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6 Aug 2026 AMATO BESTSELLER S.R.L.AMATO BESTSELLER: 45,000 EUR plus 50,000 lei for data access and robocalls €54,316
Following several complaints, the Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (Romanian data protection authority, ANSPDCP) found that current and former employees, untrained and without procedural rules, had access to extensive data (including health, family and income data), that data subjects were not informed under Art. 14 GDPR, that excessive data were collected and that automated advertising calls were made without consent. Fines: 78,465 lei (15,000 EUR, Art. 32(4)), 52,310 lei (10,000 EUR, Art. 14), 104,620 lei (20,000 EUR, Art. 5/9 GDPR) and 50,000 lei (Law 506/2004); in addition, an order to provide regular employee training. Date = publication of the press release; according to the authority, the investigation was concluded in June 2026.
Anyone giving employees access to sensitive customer data must train them and limit access on a need-to-know basis.
Training employees in handling customer data; consent for advertising calls
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. c i. V. m. Art. 9, Art. 14, Art. 32 Abs. 4 DSGVO; Art. 12 Abs. 1 Gesetz 506/2004
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Published
- 6 Aug 2026
Original amount 285,395 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 6 Aug 2026.
- ANSPDCP – Comunicat de presă 06.08.2026 (AMATO BESTSELLER S.R.L.) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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29 Jul 2026 KT CorporationKT: 53.979 billion KRW after data leak through manipulated femtocells €32.7m
Attackers copied certificates from lost femtocells of KT Corporation into home-made devices, stayed connected to the mobile network undetected for around eleven months, intercepted data on 16,647 subscribers (phone number, IMSI, IMEI) and used intercepted confirmation codes to trigger unauthorised mobile payments of around 240 million KRW affecting 368 people. For inadequate access control – certificates valid for ten years, no IP restriction, no detection of unknown cell IDs – the authority imposed a penalty surcharge of 53,979,000,000 KRW and ordered vulnerability checks and a stronger role for the chief privacy officer.
Network devices at customer premises are part of the attack surface too – lost devices, long-lived certificates and missing anomaly detection open up the core network.
Lost network devices and certificate management
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법) Art. 29, Sanktion nach Art. 64-2(1) Nr. 9; gesonderter Beschluss 제2026-015-094호: Art. 63(1)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Reduction of 30% because no benefit was derived and a further 50% for cooperation, remediation, compensation of those affected and protective efforts; increase of 50% because the infringement lasted more than two years.
- Liability of senior managers
- The company was ordered to define the responsibility and role of its chief privacy officer (CPO) for the whole company clearly and to revise its governance.
- Published
- 30 Jul 2026
Original amount 53,979,000,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 29 Jul 2026.
- PIPC, 심의·의결서 제2026-015-093호 (주식회사 케이티), 29.07.2026 Decision of an authority
- PIPC, 심의·의결서 제2026-015-094호 (주식회사 케이티), 29.07.2026 Decision of an authority
- PIPC, Entscheidungsdatenbank (위원회 결정문), Eintrag 2025조이0113-02 등 2건 Enforcement database of an authority
- PIPC-Pressemitteilung vom 30.07.2026: ‘㈜KT의 개인정보 유출사고’ 제재처분 의결 Press release of an authority
- PIPC press release (English), 07.08.2026: The PIPC Sanctions KT Corporation for Data Breaches Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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28 Jul 2026 Ελληνική Εταιρεία Τοπικής Ανάπτυξης και Αυτοδιοίκησης Α.Ε. (EETAA) und Υπουργείο Κοινωνικής Συνοχής και ΟικογένειαςCyber attack on EETAA systems: EUR 350,000 against social affairs ministry and operator €350,000
A large-scale breach affected EETAA information systems used to implement programmes of the Ministry of Social Cohesion and Family; identification, contact, financial and health data of a large number of people were affected. The Archi Prostasias Dedomenon (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) attributed the success of the attack to outdated systems and inadequate security measures and criticised the absence of a data processing agreement. In Decision 15/2026 it imposed a total of EUR 350,000 (ministry EUR 150,000 under Art. 5(1)(f)/Art. 32 and EUR 50,000 under Art. 28(3) GDPR; EETAA EUR 100,000 under Art. 32 and EUR 50,000 under Art. 28(3) GDPR) and ordered the agreement to be concluded and the planned security measures implemented within one month.
Running legacy systems despite known risks and leaving controller and processor roles without a contract creates liability on both sides.
Outdated IT systems and missing data processing agreements in the public sector
- Authority / court
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 28 Abs. 3, Art. 32 Abs. 1, Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d und i DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Mitigating circumstances
- According to the authority, the ministry met its breach notification and communication obligations.
- ΑΠΟΦΑΣΗ 15/2026 (Αθήνα, 28 Ιουλίου 2026) Decision of an authority
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων – Πράξεις της Αρχής: Απόφαση για περιστατικό παραβίασης προσωπικών δεδομένων ΕΕΤΑΑ (Ημερομηνία 28/07/2026) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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27 Jul 2026 Metropolitan Police ServiceICO: order and reprimand against London's Met Police after disclosure of sensitive data Order
The Metropolitan Police handed a defendant unredacted documents containing the new address and telephone number of a stalking victim, and in a circular e-mail disclosed 18 people with a parliamentary connection in an open recipient list. The UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) ordered improvements within 3 and 12 months, including in data protection training completion rates.
Policies are not enough if mandatory training goes uncompleted for years – monitor and enforce training completion rates.
Redacting documents, e-mail distribution lists (BCC), data protection training
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Data Protection Act 2018, Section 40
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Culpability
- negligent
- Published
- 5 Aug 2026
- Metropolitan Police Service issued with enforcement notice and reprimand following data protection failures Press release of an authority
- ICO Enforcement notice: Metropolitan Police Service Enforcement database of an authority
- ICO Reprimand: Metropolitan Police Service Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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24 Jul 2026 Callcenter (anonymisiert)BNetzA: €34,327 fine on call centre, including for incomplete records of consent €34,327
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) imposed fines totalling 34,327 EUR on a call centre that mainly marketed telecoms products: 32,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising and 2,327 EUR because consents to sales calls had not been fully documented. The campaign continued despite the gaps and requests to stop calling were sometimes ignored; the company has appealed.
Consents to telephone marketing must be fully documented – if the proof is missing, the campaign must not continue.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern; § 7a UWG (Dokumentation und Aufbewahrung von Einwilligungen)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Other
- BNetzA: Bußgelder Unerlaubte Telefonwerbung (laufende Liste mit Einzelmeldungen) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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23 Jul 2026 TIM S.p.A.Garante: €9.5m fine for TIM over unlawful telemarketing through partner call centres €9.52m
The Garante (Italian data protection authority) fined TIM 9,516,000 EUR because call centres outside the official sales network made promotional calls on the company's behalf using numbers not recorded in the operators' register ROC or falsified numbers (spoofing), often to lines entered in the do-not-call register, and the contacts obtained in this way reached its systems as apparently lawful leads via fictitious call-back requests on sales partners' web forms. The authority found that TIM had selected and supervised its sales partners inadequately and had systematically failed to answer, or answered late, requests for access, erasure and objection. In addition, TIM must secure its lead process, strengthen oversight of the sales chain and adapt its procedures for data subject rights.
Anyone acquiring customers through agencies and call centres must actively monitor the entire lead chain – a code of conduct does not replace that oversight.
Oversight of sales partners and call centres in telemarketing
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 5, 6, 7, 12, 15–22, 24, 25, 28 und 32 DSGVO; Art. 130 Codice in materia di protezione dei dati personali (D.Lgs. 196/2003)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Culpability
- negligent
- Repeat case
- yes
- Mitigating circumstances
- Taken into account as mitigating: short period and limited number of data subjects, measures taken during the proceedings (including checks on and termination of contracts with partners), a high level of cooperation, no special categories of personal data, adherence to the telemarketing code of conduct and substantial investment in controlling the sales chain.
- Published
- 31 Jul 2026
- Garante, Provvedimento n. 556 del 23 luglio 2026 (TIM S.p.A.), doc. web n. 10277005 Decision of an authority
- Garante, Comunicato stampa 31 luglio 2026: Telemarketing, il Garante privacy sanziona Tim per 9,5 milioni di euro Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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21 Jul 2026 Hôpital Privé de la LoireHôpital Privé de la Loire: 500,000 EUR after data exfiltration affecting over 520,000 patients €500,000
In summer 2025, an attacker gained access to the private hospital's electronic patient record system and obtained data on 524,867 patients and 202,246 trusted persons. There was no VPN or multi-factor authentication for external users, no appropriate access control and no detection of suspicious activity; the trusted persons were not notified. France's data protection authority (Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés, CNIL) imposed a fine of 500,000 EUR (SAN-2026-009).
External access to patient records belongs behind multi-factor authentication and continuous monitoring for unusual access.
Access security and attack detection in hospitals
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 32, Art. 34
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Published
- 3 Sep 2026
- Sanction : amende de 500 000 euros à l'encontre de l'Hôpital Privé de la Loire Press release of an authority
- Délibération SAN-2026-009 du 21 juillet 2026 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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21 Jul 2026 EXTIACNIL: €300,000 fine for EXTIA over unprocessed erasure requests €300,000
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined the IT and engineering consultancy EXTIA EUR 300,000 because, of 265 erasure requests received in 2024 – mostly from job applicants, occasionally from former employees – 12 were not processed at all and 166 applicants were not told of the outcome; 27 received their reply only after the one-month deadline. The CNIL regarded this as particularly negligent, especially as the company had already been reminded of its obligations by the CNIL twice in 2024 (Art. 12 and 17 GDPR).
Automatic deletion routines do not replace a timely reply to the person who requested erasure.
Handling erasure requests
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12 und 17 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Employees
- 1,000 to 9,999
- Culpability
- negligent
- Repeat case
- yes
- Mitigating circumstances
- During the proceedings the company deleted the data concerned and informed the applicants retrospectively.
- Published
- 9 Sep 2026
- CNIL: Non-respect des droits des personnes : sanction de 300 000 euros à l'encontre de la société EXTIA (09.09.2026) Press release of an authority
- Délibération de la formation restreinte n° SAN-2026-010 du 21 juillet 2026 concernant la société EXTIA Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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17 Jul 2026 Orange România SAOrange România pays 100,000 EUR after app errors and hacked ticketing system €99,969
A synchronisation error between two applications allowed a customer to retrieve other customers’ invoices in the mobile app; in addition, the ticketing platform, which was publicly accessible without VPN, MFA or IP restriction, was attacked and a very large data set (including copies of identity documents, card data, IBANs) was exfiltrated. The Romanian data protection authority (ANSPDCP) imposed fines of 104,780 lei (20,000 EUR, Art. 25) and 419,120 lei (80,000 EUR, Art. 32), a total of 523,900 lei, and ordered test and change management. Date = publication of the press release; according to the authority, the investigation was concluded in the previous month.
Never expose internal platforms to the internet without VPN/MFA; software changes to linked systems need testing before go-live.
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 25 Abs. 1, Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und d, Abs. 2 und 4 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 17 Jul 2026
Original amount 523,900 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 17 Jul 2026.
- ANSPDCP – Comunicat de presă 17.07.2026 (Orange România SA) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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7 Jul 2026 Γενικό Νοσοκομείο Θεσσαλονίκης Γ. Γεννηματάς «Ο Άγιος Δημήτριος» (Allgemeines Krankenhaus Thessaloniki G. Gennimatas – Agios Dimitrios)Thessaloniki hospital: 25,000 EUR because surgery lists with diagnoses were online €25,000
From May to the end of August 2024, the public hospital accidentally published on its website a surgery list containing patients' telephone numbers, illnesses and planned procedures; a member of the public found the document via Google. The Hellenic Data Protection Authority imposed a total of 25,000 EUR: 10,000 EUR for inadequate security, 2,000 EUR for the late notification, 10,000 EUR for failing to notify the data subjects and 3,000 EUR for missing contact details of the data protection officer (DPO).
Every publication on the website needs an approval step that reliably intercepts documents containing health data – and after a data breach, data subjects must be informed.
Publication of documents containing health data
- Authority / court
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, 32 Abs. 1, 33 Abs. 1, 34 Abs. 1, 12, 13 i. V. m. 37 (Entscheidung 13/2026)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Επιβολή προστίμου σε νοσοκομείο (Απόφαση 13/2026) Decision of an authority
- Απόφαση 13/2026 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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7 Jul 2026 Unternehmen mit drei Dienstfahrzeugen (in der Mitteilung nicht namentlich genannt)Administrative Court upholds ban on continuous GPS tracking of three company vehicles Order
The data protection authority had prohibited a company from tracking its three company vehicles continuously by GPS and ordered the data to be erased; narrow purposes such as theft protection while parked remained permitted. The Upravno sodišče Republike Slovenije (Administrative Court of the Republic of Slovenia) upheld this and clarified that employee consent bundled with other declarations is invalid.
Employee consent rarely supports monitoring – and never when it is bundled with other declarations in the form.
Consent and proportionality in employee monitoring
- Authority / court
- Upravno sodišče Republike Slovenije (bekanntgemacht durch den Informacijski pooblaščenec)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 7 Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Published
- 7 Jul 2026
- Upravno sodišče znova potrdilo prakso IP: sistematično GPS sledenje zaposlenim ni dopustno brez tehtnega razloga Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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3 Jul 2026 Character Technologies, Inc. (Character.AI)Garante: €158,000 fine for Character.AI over transparency and age-verification failings €158,000
The Garante (Italian data protection authority) fined the US operator of the generative AI service Character.AI, on which users – including minors – chat with virtual characters, 158,000 EUR, among other things for deficient privacy information, a data protection impact assessment prepared late and the late appointment of a representative in the EU. It also criticised weaknesses in the protection of minors and in age verification; within 120 days the company must ensure working age verification, an effective cooling-off period preventing blocked minors from re-registering and private-by-default profiles for minors.
Anyone offering generative AI services in the EU needs complete privacy notices, an impact assessment, an EU representative and effective age verification before launch.
Data protection by design and age verification for AI services
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 2, 12 Abs. 1, 13 Abs. 1 und 2, 14 Abs. 1 und 2, 24 Abs. 1, 25 Abs. 2, 27 Abs. 1 und 35 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Culpability
- negligent
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- Mitigating: progressively strengthened age checks (a dedicated service for minors, age verification by a third-party provider), no previous relevant infringements, cooperation and amendments to the privacy policy during the proceedings.
- Published
- 9 Jul 2026
- Garante, Provvedimento n. 487 del 3 luglio 2026 (Character Technologies, Inc.), doc. web n. 10269571 Decision of an authority
- Garante, Comunicato stampa 9 luglio 2026: Intelligenza artificiale, il Garante privacy sanziona Character.AI Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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2 Jul 2026 Banca Transilvania S.A.Employee retrieves account statements for a third party – Banca Transilvania pays 5,000 EUR €5,002
At the request of a third party and outside the scope of his duties, a bank employee retrieved account statements of a data subject (name, IBAN, transactions, balances). The Romanian data protection authority (ANSPDCP) found insufficient technical and organisational measures and imposed 26,172 lei (5,000 EUR); the bank has paid the fine. Date = publication of the press release; according to the authority, the investigation was concluded in the previous month.
Access logs and clear rules against ‘favour queries’ are a duty for every bank.
Access to customer data for business purposes only; handling requests from third parties
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1, 2 und 4 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 2 Jul 2026
Original amount 26,172 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 2 Jul 2026.
- ANSPDCP – Comunicat de presă 02.07.2026 (Banca Transilvania S.A.) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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2 Jul 2026 SIA 4YOU MEBELESFurniture retailer 4YOU MEBELES ignores cookie inspection – first a reprimand, then 1,000 EUR €1,000
In a targeted inspection of cookies on company websites, the Datu valsts inspekcija (Latvian Data State Inspectorate, DVI) found fault with the site 4mebeles.lv. After a reprimand in February 2026, the company claimed that the deficiencies had been remedied, which a further inspection disproved; further requests for information went unanswered. The DVI imposed 1,000 EUR for failure to cooperate and requested the missing information by 3 August 2026.
Assurances given to the supervisory authority are checked – false statements and silence aggravate the sanction.
Cookie banners and cooperation with the supervisory authority
- Authority / court
- Datu valsts inspekcija (DVI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Art. 58 Abs. 1, Art. 83 Abs. 5 lit. e DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Culpability
- intentional
- Repeat case
- yes
- DVI Lēmums Par soda piemērošanu (SIA 4YOU MEBELES), 02.07.2026 Decision of an authority
- Datu valsts inspekcija – Lēmumi (Liste der veröffentlichten Entscheidungen) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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25 Jun 2026 Kochava Inc. und Collective Data Solutions, LLCKochava: court order ends FTC lawsuit over trade in location data Order
After almost four years of litigation, the federal district court for Idaho entered an order agreed between the FTC and the data broker Kochava. The FTC had alleged that Kochava sold precise location data from hundreds of millions of mobile devices without the knowledge and consent of the people concerned, revealing, for example, visits to health facilities and places of worship. Kochava and its subsidiary Collective Data Solutions, which has taken over the data broker business, may only share sensitive location data with affirmative consent and for services requested by the consumer, and must introduce, among other things, a sensitive-locations programme, checks on their data suppliers, disclosure of recipients and retention limits; no payment is provided for. The authority allegedly made the findings set out here; this account is not based on a final judgment.
Anyone who buys or passes on location data must verify consent at the source and consistently filter out sensitive locations.
Location data as sensitive data; due diligence when buying and reselling data
- Authority / court
- U.S. District Court for the District of Idaho auf Klage der Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Section 5 FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45 (unlautere Praktiken); Verfahren nach Section 13(b), 15 U.S.C. § 53(b)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 26 Jun 2026
- FTC v. Kochava, Inc., No. 2:22-cv-00377-BLW (D. Idaho), Stipulated Order for Injunction and Other Relief (Document 138, dated 25.06.2026) Court decision
- FTC-Pressemitteilung: FTC to Ban Kochava and Subsidiary from Selling Sensitive Location Data (04.05.2026) Press release of an authority
- FTC Legal Library: FTC v Kochava, Inc. (Fallseite mit Zeitleiste) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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24 Jun 2026 Ö Aktiengesellschaft (in der Entscheidung abgekürzt; Adressverlag und Direktwerbeunternehmen)VwGH sets data protection fine for party affinities definitively at 13 million EUR €13m
The company had stored statistically calculated ‘party affinities’ for around 2.2 million people and in some cases sold them to advertising clients – special categories of personal data without consent; in addition, parcel frequency data was further processed for incompatible purposes. The Austrian Data Protection Authority (Datenschutzbehörde, DSB) had imposed 18 million EUR in 2019 and the Federal Administrative Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht, BVwG) 16 million EUR in 2024; Austria's Supreme Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof, VwGH) has now set the fine with final effect at 13 million EUR (plus 100,000 EUR in procedural costs).
Calculated characteristics such as political leanings are themselves special categories – companies that derive them for advertising need explicit consent.
- Authority / court
- Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Ausgangsbescheid: Datenschutzbehörde)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und b, Art. 6 Abs. 4, Art. 9 Abs. 1 (VwGH Ro 2025/04/0007)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Other
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Comprehensive cooperation, deletion of the party affinities, settlements with data subjects, long duration of proceedings (5 years, 10 months).
- Published
- 16 Jul 2026
- VwGH 24.06.2026, Ro 2025/04/0007 Court decision
- VwGH bestätigt unrechtmäßige Verarbeitung von Partei-Affinitäten und setzt Geldbuße mit EUR 13 Mio. fest Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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22 Jun 2026 Inkasso-Team AGFederal Administrative Court upholds FDPIC: Inkasso-Team was not allowed to publish debtor data Order
The debt collection company posted personal data of alleged debtors on the internet, some of it particularly sensitive, in order to obtain information on their whereabouts and to warn third parties. The Swiss Federal Administrative Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht, A-3891/2025) upheld the ruling of the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (EDÖB) of 28 April 2025, according to which this constitutes an unjustified violation of privacy.
Publicly naming and shaming debtors cannot be justified under data protection law – debt collection must use less intrusive means.
- Authority / court
- Bundesverwaltungsgericht (A-3891/2025) auf Verfügung des EDÖB vom 28.04.2025
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSG Art. 6, Art. 19, Art. 31
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 20 Aug 2026
- Bundesverwaltungsgericht bestätigt Entscheid des EDÖB Press release of an authority
- Urteil des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts A-3891/2025 vom 22. Juni 2026 Court decision
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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16 Jun 2026 Securitas Sverige AktiebolagSecuritas Sverige: reprimand over cameras in company vehicles without legal basis Reprimand or warning
The security services provider used cameras in vehicles through which personal data was processed without any legal basis for doing so. The Swedish data protection authority (Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten, IMY) issued a reprimand under Art. 58 GDPR; no fine was imposed.
Dashcams in company cars also need a verified legal basis and a balancing against the interests of employees and passers-by.
Use of cameras in vehicles
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 6 Abs. 1
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Defence and security
- IMY – Tillsyn Securitas Sverige Aktiebolag Decision of an authority
- IMY – Beslut Securitas Sverige AB Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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15 Jun 2026 SSG SELECT SOLUTIONS S.R.L.Stranger in Kaufland CCTV room – service provider SSG Select Solutions pays 2,000 EUR €1,948
An employee of the service provider acting as processor for Kaufland România let a third party into a store’s video surveillance room; that person filmed the images and distributed them on social media. Kaufland reported the incident. The Romanian data protection authority (ANSPDCP) imposed 10,200 lei (2,000 EUR) on the processor and ordered additional checks of the work instructions; the fine has been paid. Date = publication of the press release; according to the authority, the investigation was concluded in April 2026.
Anyone with access to surveillance rooms must know: video footage is confidential, and third parties have no access there.
Access to surveillance rooms; staff bound by instructions
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 29, Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b, Abs. 2 und 4 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Published
- 15 Jun 2026
Original amount 10,200 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 15 Jun 2026.
- ANSPDCP – Comunicat de presă 15.06.2026 (SSG SELECT SOLUTIONS S.R.L.) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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12 Jun 2026 Verkkokauppa.com OyjKHO confirms fine against Verkkokauppa.com over customer accounts without time limit €792,639
The online retailer had not set a retention period for customer accounts and kept data until customers requested deletion; purchases were only possible with an account. The sanctions board of the Finnish Data Protection Ombudsman imposed 856,000 EUR in 2024, the administrative court reduced the fine to 792,639 EUR on the basis of current turnover, and the Supreme Administrative Court (Korkein hallinto-oikeus, KHO) confirmed this on 12 June 2026.
Do not leave deletion to the customer – every online shop needs defined retention periods for accounts and order data.
- Authority / court
- Korkein hallinto-oikeus (KHO); Sanktionsgremium des Datenschutzbeauftragten
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Published
- 18 Jun 2026
- Supreme Administrative Court upholds the administrative fine imposed on Verkkokauppa.com Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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12 Jun 2026 Μάρκετ Ιν ΑΕΒΕ (Market In)Greece: 95,000 EUR against supermarket chain Market In over video footage €95,000
A data subject complained about the disclosure of footage from the supermarket chain’s video surveillance and about the inadequate response to his access request. The Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) found that Market In had passed the video footage to the judicial authorities without informing the data subject beforehand, processed more data than necessary, failed to comply with the right of access and failed to cooperate with the authority, and by Decision 10/2026 imposed a total of 95,000 EUR (50,000 EUR for lawfulness/transparency, 20,000 EUR each for data minimisation and the right of access, 5,000 EUR for failure to cooperate); in the same proceedings, ΜΕΔΕ ΑΕ received 65,000 EUR.
Release video footage only for a specific purpose – and anyone ignoring requests from the supervisory authority pays extra.
Handling video footage and access requests
- Authority / court
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, c, Art. 5 Abs. 2, Art. 12, 13, 15, 31 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Απόφαση 10/2026 της Αρχής Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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11 Jun 2026 Monash IVF Pty LtdMonash IVF: tracking pixels on fertility website used without consent Order
Monash IVF collected sensitive information about visitors to its fertility treatment website through third-party tracking pixels. The Privacy Commissioner held that following the visitors of health-related websites and afterwards showing them targeted adverts on social networks amounts to collecting sensitive data, which requires consent, and found breaches of APP 3.3, 5.1, 5.2 and 7.1. Monash IVF must not continue or repeat the conduct and must implement specified remedial steps; a parallel determination against the telehealth provider Medmate Australia was made on the same day.
Anyone using tracking pixels on health websites needs visitors' consent and must know which data flows to advertising platforms.
Tracking pixels and advertising tools on websites with sensitive content
- Authority / court
- Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Privacy Act 1988 (Cth), APP 3.3, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Published
- 24 Jun 2026
- OAIC: Privacy Commissioner finds privacy breaches in third-party tracking pixel investigation (24.06.2026) Press release of an authority
- OAIC: Privacy determinations – Commissioner Initiated Investigation into Monash IVF Pty Ltd (Privacy) [2026] AICmr 40 (11 June 2026) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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10 Jun 2026 Coupang Corp.Coupang: 423.6 billion KRW after data leak by a former employee €240.8m
A former employee used authentication signing keys that had been accessible to him in plain text during his employment and were neither renewed nor destroyed after he left to create forged tokens and, from April to November 2025, retrieve data on around 33.22 million customers and delivery data on around 4.33 million other people. For inadequate security measures the authority imposed a penalty surcharge of 423,575,000,000 KRW on Coupang Corp. and, for late notification and failure to delete, an administrative fine of 16,800,000 KRW (423,591,800,000 KRW in total) and criticised the exclusion of the chief privacy officer from the internal investigation. A separate decision on the same day imposed a further 201,106,000,000 KRW for collecting behavioural data on third-party websites and apps without consent.
When employees leave, every key and credential they knew must be renewed immediately – otherwise a single signing key can open the entire customer account system.
Offboarding: revoking access and keys
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법) Art. 29, Art. 34(1), Art. 21(1), Art. 31(6), Art. 63(2); Sanktion nach Art. 64-2(1) Nr. 9
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Culpability
- negligent
- Repeat case
- yes
- Mitigating circumstances
- Reduction of 30% because no benefit was derived and 50% for remediation, compensation, certification and proportionality; increases of 25% (duration of the infringement), 30% (at least two previous penalties) and 10% (obstruction of the investigation).
- Liability of senior managers
- The chief privacy officer (CPO) was excluded from the internal investigation and publication; the company was ordered to set up governance that secures the CPO’s independent work and access to information in incidents.
- Published
- 11 Jun 2026
Original amount 423,591,800,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 10 Jun 2026.
- PIPC, 심의·의결서 제2026-011-075호 (쿠팡 주식회사), 10.06.2026 Decision of an authority
- PIPC, Entscheidungsdatenbank (위원회 결정문), Eintrag 2025-조이-0149 Enforcement database of an authority
- PIPC-Pressemitteilung vom 11.06.2026: 쿠팡 및 계열사의 개인정보 유출 및 침해 제재처분 의결 Press release of an authority
- PIPC press release (English), 17.06.2026: The PIPC Sanctions Coupang and CFS Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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10 Jun 2026 Health Service Executive (HSE)DPC: €300,000 fine against HSE after ransomware attack on hospital laboratory in Tullamore €300,000
In November 2018 attackers encrypted patient data in the laboratory information system of Midlands Regional Hospital Tullamore. The DPC found that the HSE had infringed Art. 5(1)(f), 28, 30, 32(1) and 34 GDPR (including insufficient security, deficient processor contracts and record of processing, and incomplete notification of affected persons), issued a reprimand, imposed €300,000 for the security failings (Art. 5(1)(f) and 32(1)) and ordered it to introduce specified policies and procedures for secure processing.
Laboratory and other specialist hospital systems also belong in security and supplier management; contracts with processors must contain the GDPR safeguards.
Ransomware protection of clinical systems
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 28, 30, 32(1), 34 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- DPC: Inquiry into Midlands Regional Hospital Tullamore (IN-19-9-4) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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9 Jun 2026 Deutsche Wohnen SELG Berlin I confirms GDPR infringement by Deutsche Wohnen through tenant archive without deletion function Fine
In 2019, the Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BlnBDI) had imposed 14.5 million EUR on the housing group because tenant data such as salary statements, bank statements and social security data were held in an archive system with no means of deletion. Following the 2023 CJEU judgment on direct corporate liability, the Berlin Regional Court (Landgericht Berlin I) confirmed on 9 June 2026 infringements of data minimisation and storage limitation; the press release does not state the amount of the fine set by the court.
Ensure that archive and filing systems can technically implement deletion periods from the outset – ‘privacy by design’ is subject to fines.
- Authority / court
- Landgericht Berlin I (Bußgeldbehörde: Berliner Beauftragte für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5, Art. 25 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
- Liability of senior managers
- According to the CJEU (C-807/21), a breach of duty by a person in a management position need not be proven for the corporate fine.
- Published
- 10 Jun 2026
- Landgericht Berlin bestätigt Verstoß der Deutsche Wohnen SE gegen die DSGVO Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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5 Jun 2026 Εταιρεία Προμήθειας Αερίου Θεσσαλονίκης Θεσσαλίας Α.Ε. („ZeniΘ“) und Τράπεζα Πειραιώς Α.Ε. (Piraeus Bank)Greece: 110,000 EUR against energy supplier ZENITH and Piraeus Bank (right of access) €110,000
Due to errors by a processor of the energy supplier, incorrect details of a direct debit mandate were recorded, so that three bills instead of one were debited from the customer's account; call recordings and the mandate form had not been retained. ZENITH responded inadequately to the access request and did not correct the data (100,000 EUR), while Piraeus Bank infringed the right of access (10,000 EUR and a reprimand); Decision No. 8/2026 of the Hellenic Data Protection Authority.
Answer access requests in full and retain records of mandates – this also applies to data recorded by a service provider.
- Authority / court
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic DPA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. d, Art. 12 Abs. 3, Art. 15, Art. 28 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Επιβολή προστίμου σε πάροχο ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας και σε τράπεζα για παραβάσεις του ΓΚΠΔ (Απόφαση 8/2026) Decision of an authority
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων – Απόφαση 8/2026 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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5 Jun 2026 Illuminate Education Inc.FTC: final order against education software provider Illuminate after data leak affecting 10.1 million students Order
According to the complaint by the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Illuminate promised schools data security but did not adequately protect its cloud databases, even though a service provider had pointed out vulnerabilities almost two years earlier; a hacker accessed data on 10.1 million students, including health information. The order requires an information security programme, data minimisation and a public deletion schedule, and prohibits misrepresentations about security and notification deadlines.
Do not leave known vulnerabilities unaddressed for years – security promises to customers are measured as binding commitments.
- Authority / court
- Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- FTC Act (Verbot unlauterer und irreführender Praktiken)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Culpability
- negligent
- Published
- 5 Jun 2026
- FTC Gives Final Approval to Order Against Illuminate Settling Allegations It Failed to Secure Students' Personal Data Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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1 Jun 2026 Elkjøp Nordic AS, Elkjøp Norge ASElkjøp: NOK 20m fine over invalid consent in customer club €1.85m
Datatilsynet (Norwegian Data Protection Authority) fined Elkjøp Nordic AS and Elkjøp Norge AS NOK 20,000,000. Following an on-site inspection in June 2022, the authority found that consent for the customer club was neither informed nor specific nor freely given, that club data had been reused without a legal basis for the 'kundematch' (customer match) tool, that the lawfulness of so-called offline conversions had not been assessed and documented, and that rectification requests had not been handled within the deadlines. The decision was adopted under the cooperation mechanism with the supervisory authorities of Sweden, Iceland, Finland and Denmark; more than six million club members across the Nordic countries were affected.
Anyone who ties discounts to club membership must obtain separate, informed and freely given consent in advance for each marketing purpose and must not reuse club data for new purposes such as audience matching without assessment.
Valid consent in customer clubs and loyalty programmes
- Authority / court
- Datatilsynet
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1 i. V. m. Art. 4 Nr. 11, Art. 6 Abs. 4, Art. 5 Abs. 2 i. V. m. Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 12 Abs. 3 DSGVO; Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. i DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Culpability
- intentional
- Mitigating circumstances
- Improvements made after the inspection, Datatilsynet's long case-handling time and the lack of evidence that sensitive data were processed; the amount is well below the starting point in the EDPB guidelines (0.4–0.8% of group turnover).
- Published
- 4 Jun 2026
Original amount 20,000,000 NOK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 1 Jun 2026.
- Datatilsynet: Overtredelsesgebyr til Elkjøp (04.06.2026) Press release of an authority
- Datatilsynet, Vedtak om overtredelsesgebyr – Kundeklubb og de registrertes rettigheter, 22/00049-13, 01.06.2026 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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28 May 2026 Thermotech Wall and Loft Surveys LtdICO: £240,000 fine for Thermotech over marketing calls to TPS numbers €276,928
The ICO fined Thermotech Wall and Loft Surveys Ltd £240,000 and issued an enforcement notice. After executing a search warrant in April 2025, the regulator found that between October 2024 and March 2025 the company had instigated 575,062 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers that had been on the TPS register for more than 28 days. There were 132 complaints. The legal basis is regulations 21 and 24 of PECR.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
Original amount 240,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 28 May 2026.
- ICO Enforcement: Thermotech Wall and Loft Surveys Ltd (MPN). Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: Thermotech Wall and Loft Surveys Ltd (28 May 2026) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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26 May 2026 IQVIA Operations FranceCNIL: €5m fine for IQVIA Operations France over health data warehouses €5m
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined IQVIA Operations France EUR 5,000,000 because, for two health data warehouses authorised by the CNIL (fed with data from around 14,000 pharmacies and several thousand medical practices), the company did not comply with the conditions of the authorisations, including log analysis, multi-factor authentication, patient information and the right to object. In addition, pharmacy customers were not informed of the transfer of their data, in-house studies were carried out without the required authorisation and the pharmacy software transmitted data even after a refusal (Art. 25 GDPR). The CNIL classified the data as pseudonymised rather than anonymous and ordered remedial action within six months, subject to a penalty payment of EUR 10,000 per day.
Anyone working with authorised health data must implement the conditions of the authorisation technically as well and actively monitor how partners inform the individuals concerned.
Conditions for processing health data
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 66 Loi n° 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978 (Loi Informatique et Libertés); Art. 14 und 25 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- The security shortcomings were remedied after the inspections.
- Published
- 28 May 2026
- CNIL: Données de santé : sanction de 5 millions d'euros à l'encontre de la société IQVIA (28.05.2026) Press release of an authority
- Délibération de la formation restreinte n° SAN-2026-008 du 26 mai 2026 concernant la société IQVIA OPERATIONS FRANCE Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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26 May 2026 Mediaworks Hungary Zrt.Mediaworks Hungary: 50 million HUF for links to leaked map of party supporters €140,706
On 7 November 2025, the publisher's news portals Origo and Magyar Nemzet linked to a map, created by unknown persons, containing the names, addresses, telephone numbers, email addresses, geo-coordinates and political preferences of Tisza sympathisers; Ripost showed an image with the name of the map. The Hungarian data protection authority (Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság, NAIH) found intentional infringements of Art. 6 and 9 GDPR, prohibited further dissemination and imposed 50 million HUF.
Linking to leaked data is itself a separate processing operation – editorial teams need a data protection review before publication.
Handling leaked personal data in newsrooms
- Authority / court
- Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság (NAIH)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 9 Abs. 1, Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. b und f
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Culpability
- intentional
- Published
- 26 May 2026
Original amount 50,000,000 HUF, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 May 2026.
- NAIH/962-10/2026 – Határozat (Mediaworks Hungary Zrt.) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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22 May 2026 Central Johannesburg TVET College (CJC)Central Johannesburg TVET College: order after staff vetting reports were mis-sent Order
In September 2022 the public TVET college mistakenly emailed reports verifying the qualifications and criminal records of three employees to other staff, informed neither the regulator nor those affected, and had not registered an information officer. Departing from the view of its Enforcement Committee, the regulator also treated this as impermissible further processing and found breaches of accountability, purpose limitation, security safeguards and the notification duty; on 22 May 2026 it ordered, among other things, registration, notification of the breach, a written apology, a compliance framework and POPIA training for all staff.
Sensitive personnel records should be filed separately – and even an internal misdirected email is a notifiable security compromise.
Misdirected emails and handling of personnel records
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Information Regulator (South Africa)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Sections 8, 15(1), 19(1) und 22(1) Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA); Enforcement Notice nach Section 95 POPIA
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Mitigating circumstances
- The college recalled the email two days later, informed staff of the error and took action against those responsible; according to the regulator, this did not relieve it of the duty to notify.
- Published
- 2 Jun 2026
- Information Regulator: Enforcement Notice (Section 95 POPIA) – Central Johannesburg TVET College, dated 22 May 2026 (redacted) Decision of an authority
- Information Regulator Media Statement, 02 June 2026: Information Regulator issues enforcement notices for the contraventions of POPIA and PAIA by public and private bodies Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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20 May 2026 Marketing-Unternehmen, UK (anonymisiert)ICO: £300,000 fine for a marketing firm over spam and fake bailiff texts €346,600
The ICO fined a UK marketing company £300,000 and issued an enforcement notice. The ICO found that the company had sent more than 5.5 million unsolicited marketing text messages, including messages styled as if they came from bailiffs. The 7726 spam reporting service received over 60,000 complaints. The ICO relied on regulations 22 and 23 of PECR (electronic marketing without consent and concealed sender identity).
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 22 und 23 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 300,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 20 May 2026.
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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14 May 2026 Wind Tre S.p.A.Garante: 1.7 million EUR against Wind Tre after data exfiltration via deceived shop staff €1.72m
Attackers posed as technical support, induced staff at points of sale to grant system access and obtained data on more than 365,000 customers, including payment data for 41,359 of them. The Italian data protection authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) criticised deficient management of access credentials and digital certificates as well as inadequate security assessments, and imposed 1,715,600 EUR.
Staff in branches and partner shops must verify alleged support calls before granting access.
Social engineering / fake IT support
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO (Integrität und Vertraulichkeit, Art. 32)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 16 Jul 2026
- Newsletter del 16 luglio 2026 – Data breach, il Garante privacy sanziona Wind Tre per 1,7 milioni di euro Press release of an authority
- Garante – Provvedimento del 14 maggio 2026 [10263796] (Wind Tre) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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12 May 2026 Société Wallonne des Eaux (SWDE)SWDE: 86,000 EUR for call recordings without sufficient transparency €86,000
The Walloon water utility recorded and listened in on customer calls for quality control and training purposes; the Litigation Chamber of the Autorité de protection des données (Belgian Data Protection Authority, APD/GBA) found infringements of transparency and fairness as well as in the engagement of a sub-processor. It imposed two fines totalling 86,000 EUR (85,000 + 1,000) after reducing the amounts in view of the situation of the public utility; an appeal against the decision has been lodged with the Market Court.
Anyone recording customer calls must clearly communicate purpose, legal basis and the parties involved in advance and engage service providers under proper contracts.
Recording of customer calls
- Authority / court
- Autorité de protection des données (APD/GBA) – Chambre Contentieuse
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 12 Abs. 1, Art. 13, Art. 28 Abs. 3
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- APD – Décision quant au fond n° 102/2026 du 12 mai 2026 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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8 May 2026 Permanent TSB plcDPC: 277,500 EUR against Permanent TSB after account takeovers via call centre calls €277,500
Fraudsters in possession of customer data posed as customers at the bank's ‘Open24’ call centre, had account details changed and obtained further information because security protocols were not followed; those affected had to close accounts, and some suffered losses. Ireland's Data Protection Commission (DPC) imposed 250,000 EUR for inadequate security and 27,500 EUR for late breach notification (decision served in the week before the press release).
Call centre staff must adhere to identity checks without exception – callers with ‘matching’ data are not automatically authorised.
Identity verification by telephone (vishing)
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 Abs. 1, Art. 33 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 8 May 2026
- Data Protection Commission Publishes Final Decision Following Inquiry into Permanent TSB Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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7 May 2026 South Staffordshire Plc und South Staffordshire Water PlcICO: almost £1 million against water supplier South Staffordshire after cyber attack €1.12m
In 2020, malware entered the water supplier's network via a phishing e-mail and remained undetected for around 20 months; in 2022, attackers obtained administrator rights and stole data on 633,887 people, which ended up on the dark web. The UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) criticised, among other things, monitoring of only 5% of the IT environment, outdated software such as Windows Server 2003 and a lack of vulnerability and patch management.
Utilities in critical infrastructure must also monitor their entire IT estate and replace legacy systems – an attack must not only come to light through performance problems.
Recognising phishing
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- UK GDPR Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 Abs. 1
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- 40% reduction for early admission of liability; payment agreed without appeal.
- Published
- 11 May 2026
Original amount 963,900 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 7 May 2026.
- Fine of nearly £1m issued against South Staffordshire Plc and South Staffordshire Water Plc following major cyber attack and data breach Press release of an authority
- ICO Enforcement: South Staffordshire Plc and South Staffordshire Water Plc Enforcement database of an authority
- ICO Monetary Penalty Notice: South Staffordshire Plc and South Staffordshire Water Plc Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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7 May 2026 Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)Privacy Commissioner: Canada's tax authority CRA must strengthen protection against account takeovers Other
Since 2020, the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) has experienced more than 42,000 individual breaches in which unauthorised persons accessed tax accounts or changed data in order to redirect benefits. In a special report to Parliament, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada criticised, among other things, the delayed introduction of mandatory MFA and incomplete incident recording, and made nine recommendations, eight of which were accepted in full and one in part.
Online accounts with payment functions need mandatory strong authentication and complete recording of incidents.
- Authority / court
- Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Privacy Act (Kanada)
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 7 May 2026
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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4 May 2026 Malta: insurer reprimanded again and fined – marketing calls despite objection €1,000
Although the Information and Data Protection Commissioner (IDPC) had already ruled in favour of a complainant, an insurance company (name redacted) again had him called for marketing purposes via a third-party company; his number remained on call lists. The IDPC criticised the lack of safeguards and inadequate contracts with processors, ordered remedial action within 20 days and imposed two fines totalling 1,000 EUR.
An objection to marketing must also reach all call centres engaged – otherwise the next complaint follows.
Passing marketing objections on to service providers (suppression lists)
- Authority / court
- Information and Data Protection Commissioner (IDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 2, Art. 21 Abs. 2, Art. 24 Abs. 1, Art. 28 Abs. 3 i. V. m. Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. b, d, i DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Repeat case
- yes
- IDPC Commissioner's Decision (4. Mai 2026) Decision of an authority
- Data Protection Decisions – IDPC Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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4 May 2026 Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) AöRBlnBDI reprimands BVG: deletion at service provider not checked, data breach reported too late Reprimand or warning
A processor of Berlin's public transport operator BVG, which had sent customer letters in early 2025, was hacked; around 180,000 customer records were affected, although they should long since have been deleted after the end of the contract. BVG had never checked the deletion, had not agreed any procedure for data breaches in the data processing agreement and reported the incident only after the 72-hour deadline had expired; the Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BlnBDI) issued a reprimand.
Have service providers prove deletion after the end of the contract, and have an internal procedure that immediately turns indications of a breach into a 72-hour notification.
Reporting process for data breaches and management of service providers
- Authority / court
- Berliner Beauftragte für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit (BlnBDI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 2 i. V. m. Abs. 1 lit. c, e, f, Art. 28 Abs. 3 S. 2 lit. f, Art. 32 Abs. 1, Art. 33 DSGVO
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Mitigating circumstances
- BVG has announced measures against similar incidents.
- Published
- 4 May 2026
- Datenschutzbeauftragte verwarnt BVG Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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23 Apr 2026 Yau Yat Chuen Garden City Club LimitedRansomware via remote maintenance access: enforcement notice against private club Order
In a ransomware attack on the membership management system of Yau Yat Chuen Garden City Club Limited, a private, non-profit recreational club, reported on 31 October 2025, data of 9,045 current and former members and supplementary card holders were affected, including identity card or passport numbers. The attacker exploited a known vulnerability in outdated remote access software of the external service provider and reached the server, which had been left logged in, without further authentication; antivirus software and firewall were outdated, and personal data had been kept longer than necessary. In its investigation report published on 23 April 2026 the PCPD (Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, Hong Kong's data protection authority) found breaches of DPP 4(1) and DPP 2(2) and served an enforcement notice.
Service providers' remote maintenance access belongs in an organisation's own security concept: current software, additional authentication and no servers left permanently logged in.
Service providers' remote access, patch management and retention periods
- Authority / court
- Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), Hongkong
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, Data Protection Principles 4(1) und 2(2); Enforcement Notice
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Published
- 23 Apr 2026
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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21 Apr 2026 Unternehmen (Anrufe zur Schadensregulierung), UK (anonymisiert)ICO: enforcement notice against a UK company over claims management calls without consent Order
The ICO issued an enforcement notice to a UK company. The ICO found that the company had instigated calls about claims management services without the consent of the people called. Under regulation 21A of PECR such calls are only permitted with prior consent; the ICO also found a breach of regulation 24. The notice is an enforcement notice and does not impose a fine.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 21A und 24 PECR; section 40 DPA 1998
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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17 Apr 2026 Cream della Cream Switzerland GmbH und Philipp Plein International AGFDPIC ruling: Philipp Plein and Cream della Cream ignored objections to advertising Order
Both companies continued to use e-mail addresses and telephone numbers from online purchases for advertising, although data subjects had objected – in some cases after deletion had been confirmed. The Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (Eidgenössischer Datenschutz- und Öffentlichkeitsbeauftragter, EDÖB) ordered the processing for advertising to cease and the data to be deleted on request.
An objection to advertising must take effect across all systems – a confirmed deletion followed by further advertising violates the principle of good faith.
Handling objections to advertising and deletion requests
- Authority / court
- Eidgenössischer Datenschutz- und Öffentlichkeitsbeauftragter (EDÖB)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- DSG Art. 6, Art. 30 Abs. 2 lit. b, Art. 31
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Published
- 26 Jun 2026
- Verfügung des EDÖB gegen Cream della Cream Switzerland GmbH und Philipp Plein International AG Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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16 Apr 2026 Fullgevity OÜ (vormals Zahnarztpraxis unter Inhabernamen, anonymisiert)Fullgevity (dental clinic) must reorganise data processing in Invisalign treatment Order
The starting point was a complaint about incomplete disclosure of patient data; the clinic left several requests from the supervisory authority unanswered. The Andmekaitse Inspektsioon (Estonian Data Protection Inspectorate, AKI) ordered it to revise its contracts with Align Technology (Invisalign) with regard to the GDPR roles (Art. 26/28 GDPR), to adapt the consent form and the privacy notices in accordance with Art. 7, 9, 13 and 14 GDPR and to publish them in Estonian; non-compliance is subject to a penalty payment of 1,000 EUR per item.
Anyone passing patient data on to manufacturers or platforms must clarify roles, contracts and consents properly in advance – and respond to supervisory requests on time.
Consent and transparency for health data; cooperation with the supervisory authority
- Authority / court
- Andmekaitse Inspektsioon (AKI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- § 56 Abs. 1 IKS; Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d DSGVO i. V. m. Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, 7, 9, 13, 14, 26, 28 DSGVO
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Ettekirjutus-hoiatus isikuandmete kaitse asjas nr 2.1-1/24/397-890-38 (Fullgevity OÜ), 16.04.2026 Decision of an authority
- Andmekaitse Inspektsioon – veröffentlichte Ettekirjutused (Liste) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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15 Apr 2026 Öffentliches Kommunalunternehmen (in der Mitteilung nicht namentlich genannt)Municipal company: 6,000 EUR for permanent GPS tracking of company vehicles €6,000
A provider of public utility services used GPS transmitters in company vehicles to record employees’ location data permanently and without cause, without defining a purpose, carrying out a balancing of interests or providing sufficient information. The Informacijski pooblaščenec (Information Commissioner of the Republic of Slovenia, IP) imposed 6,000 EUR on the company.
GPS data are not suitable for performance monitoring – consider less intrusive means before introduction and inform employees in advance.
GPS tracking and employee data protection
- Authority / court
- Informacijski pooblaščenec Republike Slovenije (IP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 und Art. 6 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Liability of senior managers
- Measures against individuals are not reported here.
- Published
- 15 Apr 2026
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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14 Apr 2026 Gyldendal A/SGyldendal: fine for storing data of 685,000 former book club members for years Fine
The publisher kept data of around 685,000 former book club members in a ‘passive database’, in around 395,000 cases more than ten years after they had left, without any deletion rules. The Danish Data Protection Agency (Datatilsynet) had recommended a fine of 1 million DKK in 2022; the case was closed on 14 April 2026 with a fine notice whose amount is not stated in the source.
‘Passive’ legacy data also needs a deletion concept – storage without a purpose is a separate infringement.
- Authority / court
- Anklagemyndigheden (Bødeforelæg) auf Anzeige der Datatilsynet
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e, Art. 5 Abs. 2
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Mitigating circumstances
- Cooperative conduct; only two employees had access to the passive database; deletion after the supervisory visit.
- Datatilsynet – Gyldendal indstilles til bøde (Opdatering: afgjort 14. april 2026) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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9 Apr 2026 Arbeitgeber (in der Mitteilung nicht namentlich genannt)Slovenia: 71,474 EUR for covert monitoring of employees using spyware €71,474
An employer installed the software Spyrix Employee Monitoring on the work computers of individual employees, which for months recorded screen content, audio and even private e-mails and conversations without informing the employees. The supervisory authority, the Informacijski pooblaščenec (Information Commissioner of the Republic of Slovenia, IP), imposed 71,474 EUR on the company.
Covert employee monitoring by software is practically never permissible – IT and managers must know this before tools are installed.
Permissible monitoring of employees and IT use
- Authority / court
- Informacijski pooblaščenec Republike Slovenije (IP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 und Art. 6 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Culpability
- intentional
- Liability of senior managers
- Measures against individuals are not reported here.
- Published
- 9 Apr 2026
- Delodajalcu, ki je prikrito nadzoroval vse aktivnosti zaposlenih na računalnikih, izrečena globa več kot 70.000 EUR Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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1 Apr 2026 MLU B.V. (Rechtsnachfolgerin der Ridetech International B.V., Anbieterin der Yango-App)Yango taxi app: 100 million EUR for transferring data to Russia €100m
Amsterdam-based Ridetech offered the ride-hailing app Yango in Finland and Norway and transferred data of drivers and customers to the group companies Yandex.Taxi LLC and Yandex LLC in Russia without demonstrating appropriate safeguards. The Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (Dutch Data Protection Authority, AP) imposed 100 million EUR on the legal successor and prohibited further transfers to Russia.
Transfers to states without legal protection against access by authorities can hardly be safeguarded – group structures with such locations need data localisation in the EU.
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · International data transfers
- Legal basis
- Art. 44, Art. 46 iVm Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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1 Apr 2026 IRE Pty Ltd (InspectRealEstate, Plattform 2Apply)2Apply operator IRE: order over excessive and unfair collection of renters’ data Order
The Privacy Commissioner found that the rental application platform 2Apply collected more personal information than necessary from March 2020 to March 2025, such as gender, student status, citizenship, visa expiry and previous living arrangements, and did so unfairly through design techniques such as “confirmshaming”, biased framing and bundled consent. The determination requires IRE to stop this collection within 60 days, engage an independent reviewer and report to the OAIC within twelve months on implementing the recommendations.
Online forms may only request necessary data and must not push users into disclosure through design tricks.
Data minimisation and fair design of online forms (dark patterns)
- Authority / court
- Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- APP 3.2 und APP 3.5 (Privacy Act 1988 (Cth)); Feststellungen nach s 52(1A)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Mitigating circumstances
- IRE adapted its collection practices during the investigation without admitting a breach.
- Published
- 22 Apr 2026
- OAIC: RentTech platforms must stop unfair and excessive personal information collection, says Privacy Commissioner (22 April 2026) Press release of an authority
- Commissioner Initiated Investigation into IRE Pty Ltd (Privacy) [2026] AICmr 24 (1 April 2026) Decision of an authority
- OAIC: Privacy determinations Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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1 Apr 2026 The Management Corporation – Strata Title Plan No. 4869 (Riverfront Residences)MCST 4869: directions over lack of data protection instructions to managing agent Order
The management corporation of the Riverfront Residences condominium had not designated a data protection officer until March 2025, had no data protection policies of its own and had given its managing agent, which acted for it as a data intermediary, no instructions on handling personal data; in April 2025 an employee of the managing agent mistakenly sent the names, addresses and maintenance fee details of two owners to another owner. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) found breaches of the Accountability Obligation and the Protection Obligation; by contrast, it found no breach in the circulation of a requisition for an extraordinary general meeting bearing the names and signatures of 303 owners, because strata management law prevailed. It directed the corporation to introduce, within 90 days, policies and procedures for the processing of data by the managing agent and to communicate them to it; the managing agent itself had given a voluntary undertaking.
Anyone who outsources management to a service provider remains responsible and needs their own data protection officer, their own policies and specific instructions to the provider.
Check recipients before sending, protect sensitive attachments and give service providers clear instructions
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Sections 11(3) und 12(a) PDPA 2012 (Accountability Obligation); Section 24 i. V. m. Section 4(3) PDPA (Protection Obligation bei Einsatz eines Data Intermediary)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
- Published
- 7 May 2026
- PDPC – Enforcement Decisions: Breach of the Accountability and Protection Obligations by MCST 4869 (veröffentlicht 07.05.2026) Enforcement database of an authority
- PDPC – Decision [2026] SGPDPC 1, The Management Corporation – Strata Title Plan No. 4869, Case No. DP-2503-C3469 (01.04.2026), PDF Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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30 Mar 2026 Energy Prices Direct LimitedICO: £160,000 fine for Energy Prices Direct over calls without TPS screening €184,325
The ICO fined Energy Prices Direct Limited, an energy switching broker, £160,000. The ICO found that the company had obtained contact details from public sources and list providers and did not screen them against the TPS/CTPS registers before making marketing calls. The legal basis is regulations 21 and 24 of PECR. Under the notice, timely payment reduces the amount by 20% to £128,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
Original amount 160,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 30 Mar 2026.
- ICO Enforcement: Energy Prices Direct Limited. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: Energy Prices Direct Limited (30 March 2026) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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25 Mar 2026 RENAULT COMMERCIAL ROUMANIE S.R.L.Cyber attack via service provider – Renault Commercial Roumanie pays 125,000 EUR €125,083
In an attack on an application operated by a processor, data of a very large number of persons (including personal identification numbers, driving licence and identity card numbers, vehicle identification numbers) were stolen and published. The Romanian data protection authority (ANSPDCP) criticised the lack of security measures and effectiveness testing as well as the selection of a service provider without sufficient guarantees and imposed 637,262.50 lei (125,000 EUR).
Responsibility for customer data does not end with the service provider – check its security guarantees in advance and monitor them continuously.
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und d, Abs. 2 i. V. m. Art. 28 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Automotive
- Published
- 25 Mar 2026
Original amount 637,262.5 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 25 Mar 2026.
- ANSPDCP – Comunicat de presă 25.03.2026 (RENAULT COMMERCIAL ROUMANIE S.R.L.) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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24 Mar 2026 SIA "Fitsypro"Fitsypro fails to answer access request and DVI enquiries – 1,500 EUR €1,500
A person complained that Fitsypro had not responded to their request for access, rectification and erasure of November 2023. Three requests for information from the Datu valsts inspekcija (Latvian Data State Inspectorate, DVI) between 2024 and 2026 went unanswered, and nobody attended the hearing. The DVI imposed 1,500 EUR and requested the information by 21 April 2026.
Official mailboxes (eAdrese) and data protection e-mail addresses must be monitored – silence towards the supervisory authority costs money.
Handling data subject requests and correspondence from authorities
- Authority / court
- Datu valsts inspekcija (DVI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 58 Abs. 1 lit. e, Art. 83 Abs. 5 lit. e DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Culpability
- intentional
- DVI Lēmums Par soda piemērošanu (SIA „Fitsypro“), 24.03.2026 Decision of an authority
- Datu valsts inspekcija – Lēmumi (Liste der veröffentlichten Entscheidungen) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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23 Mar 2026 Region SyddanmarkRegion Syddanmark: GDPR fine over exposed research database halved on appeal €66,919
In December 2024 the Kolding City Court fined the Region Syddanmark (Region of Southern Denmark) 1,000,000 DKK for two breaches of the duty to ensure appropriate data security. On 23 March 2026 the Vestre Landsret (Western High Court) upheld only the first charge – in a research and clinical database, logged-in users could access PDF documents of more than 23,000 registered persons, including health data of minors in psychiatric care, by changing the URL – and reduced the fine to 500,000 DKK; it acquitted the region of the charge concerning patient data in a presentation on its website.
Access rights must be checked server-side for every document; an editable URL is not access control.
Access control in web applications (manipulable URLs)
- Authority / court
- Retten i Kolding; Vestre Landsret (auf Anzeige der Datatilsynet)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1, Art. 83 Abs. 4 lit. a und Abs. 9 DSGVO; databeskyttelseslovens § 41 stk. 1 nr. 1, stk. 3 og 6
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Public sector
- Culpability
- negligent
- Repeat case
- yes
Original amount 500,000 DKK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 23 Mar 2026.
- Datatilsynet: Region Syddanmark indstilles til bøde (2021, mit Update zu Byret und Landsret) Press release of an authority
- Retten i Kolding, dom 23.12.2024, SS-5399/2023-KOL (Domsdatabasen) Court decision
- Vestre Landsret, dom 23.03.2026, SS-113/2025-VLR (Domsdatabasen, ECLI:DK:VLR:2026:SS0000000101) Court decision
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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20 Mar 2026 Gesundheitsdienstleister (in der Entscheidung anonymisiert)Hungarian GP practice: 500,000 HUF for 47 EESZT queries without legal basis €1,274
A general practitioner who had no longer been treating the complainant since January 2023 accessed his health data (findings, prescriptions) on the national e-health platform EESZT a total of 47 times via his practice software until August 2024 and did not respond to an access request. The Hungarian data protection authority (Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság, NAIH) found infringements of Art. 5(2), 6(1), 9(2), 12(2) and 15(1) GDPR, ordered compliance with the access request and imposed 500,000 HUF.
Every access to electronic health records is logged and must be linked to treatment – even if it is triggered by practice staff.
Access to health data and access requests
- Authority / court
- Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság (NAIH)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 2, 6 Abs. 1, 9 Abs. 2, 12 Abs. 2, 15 Abs. 1
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Published
- 20 Mar 2026
Original amount 500,000 HUF, converted at the ECB reference rate of 20 Mar 2026.
- NAIH-273-7/2026 – Jogalap nélküli hozzáférés az EESZT rendszeréhez Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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20 Mar 2026 Singtel Optus Pty LtdOptus: unlisted numbers of 41,278 customers published in the phone directory Order
Singtel Optus asked customers who ported their number to Optus whether they wanted to appear in the phone directory, but between October 2015 and September 2019 it did not act on requests for an unlisted number, so that 41,278 affected customers remained published in the White Pages. The Privacy Commissioner found a breach of APP 11.1 because Optus did not remove a risk of errors it had been aware of throughout the period with reasonable steps such as regular system reconciliations, and declared that the company must not repeat this conduct. The regulator intends to decide on compensation separately in a representative complaint concerning the same conduct.
Known sources of error in legacy systems and in disclosures to third parties must be eliminated through regular reconciliations rather than tolerated for years.
Reliably implementing customers' privacy choices across systems and service providers
- Authority / court
- Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) s 13(1), APP 11.1; Erklärung nach s 52(1A)(a)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 11 Jun 2026
- Commissioner Initiated Investigation into Singtel Optus Pty Ltd (Privacy) [2026] AICmr 22 (20 March 2026) Decision of an authority
- OAIC: Privacy Commissioner finds against Optus in White Pages breach (11.06.2026) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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18 Mar 2026 Nova Scotia PowerNova Scotia Power: commitments to the Privacy Commissioner after ransomware attack Other
Following a cyber attack in spring 2025 in which data of about 375,000 current and 540,000 former customers was exfiltrated, including bank account, driver's licence and social insurance numbers, Nova Scotia Power signed a compliance letter to the Privacy Commissioner of Canada. The company commits to delete customers' social insurance numbers and, by 31 October 2026, to submit an independent security assessment – including employee training and notification processes – and to report on implementing its recommendations; only then will the investigation be discontinued. According to the letter, the starting point was an employee clicking a link in a pop-up on a compromised website, which installed malware.
A single click on a fake pop-up can expose hundreds of thousands of customer records – training, limited admin rights and prompt notification belong together.
Fake update pop-ups and malware
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA); Einstellung nach Paragraph 12.2(1)(c) bei Erfüllung der Zusagen
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Published
- 25 Mar 2026
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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12 Mar 2026 Direktmarketing-Unternehmen, UK (anonymisiert)ICO: £130,000 fine for a direct marketing firm over calls to TPS numbers €150,737
In March 2026 the ICO fined a small UK direct marketing company £130,000 and also served an enforcement notice. According to the ICO, over almost eleven months in 2024 the company had staff make more than 230,000 marketing calls to lines that had been on the UK's opt-out register for sales calls (Telephone Preference Service, TPS) for over 28 days, prompting 12 complaints. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 130,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Mar 2026.
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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12 Mar 2026 Amazon Europe Core S.à r.l.Luxembourg: Cour administrative annuls 746 million EUR fine against Amazon but confirms infringements overturned
In 2021, the Luxembourg data protection authority (CNPD) had imposed 746 million EUR and an order to bring processing into compliance on account of behavioural online advertising; the Administrative Tribunal (Tribunal administratif) confirmed this on 18 March 2025. On 12 March 2026, the Administrative Court (Cour administrative) confirmed that legitimate interest was not a sound legal basis and that the information was insufficient, but annulled the fine on the basis of more recent CJEU case law on the requirement of culpability; the CNPD is re-examining the sanction.
Personalised advertising cannot be based on legitimate interest – and courts now scrutinise culpability closely when it comes to fines.
- Authority / court
- Cour administrative (Luxemburg); Verfahren der CNPD
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 12 ff. DSGVO
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- overturned
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Mitigating circumstances
- Amazon had implemented the compliance order before the hearing.
- La CNPD obtient la mise en conformité effective des traitements d'Amazon (Arrêt de la Cour administrative du 12 mars 2026) Press release of an authority
- Décision concernant Amazon Europe Core S.À R.L. (Tribunal administratif, 18 mars 2025) Press release of an authority
- Justice Luxembourg – Arrêt de la Cour administrative du 12 mars 2026 (n° 52757C du rôle), Amazon/CNPD Court press release
- Justice Luxembourg – Jugement du tribunal administratif du 18 mars 2025, Amazon/CNPD Court press release
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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11 Mar 2026 Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España, S.A. OperadoraAEPD: €650,000 fine for Iberia after unauthorised access at service provider €650,000
In February 2023 there was external, unauthorised access to a system operated by a processor containing data on users and employees. As lead authority, the AEPD imposed 650,000 EUR for breaching Art. 5(1)(f) GDPR, dropped the charges under Art. 32 and 34 and ordered appropriate security measures within six months. The amount and the facts have not been confirmed against the primary source.
Even where a service provider runs the system, the company remains responsible for the confidentiality of the data and must ensure adequate security.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- AEPD, Resolución PS/00437/2024 (EXP202309769), Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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10 Mar 2026 World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)WADA: compliance agreement with Canada's Privacy Commissioner on athletes' data Other
The Montreal-based World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), a foundation under Swiss private law, entered into a compliance agreement under PIPEDA with the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, under which an investigation opened in November 2024 following a complaint is held in abeyance and will be discontinued once the agreement is fulfilled. WADA must ensure that anti-doping organisations use athletes' personal information in the ADAMS system only for anti-doping purposes from 1 January 2027, amend the World Anti-Doping Code and the ADAMS agreements accordingly, document a control mechanism and report quarterly. WADA disputes any contravention and the Commissioner's jurisdiction; if it fails to comply, the Commissioner may apply to the Federal Court for an order.
Operators of data platforms used by partners must enforce, contractually and technically, that partners use the data only for the intended purpose.
Purpose limitation on shared data platforms
- Authority / court
- Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), Sections 17.1 und 17.2 (Compliance Agreement)
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Published
- 17 Mar 2026
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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9 Mar 2026 Werbendes Unternehmen aus dem Sektor Finanz- und Versicherungsprodukte (anonymisiert)BNetzA: €50,000 fine on financial products seller posing as an advice centre on the phone €50,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined a company marketing financial and insurance products 50,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. The calls were particularly intrusive, callers falsely claimed to be an independent advice centre and presented sales calls as service calls; the company has appealed.
Anyone marketing by phone must not disguise either their own identity or the promotional purpose of the call.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- BNetzA: Bußgelder Unerlaubte Telefonwerbung (laufende Liste mit Einzelmeldungen) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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5 Mar 2026 Loblaw Companies LimitedOPC: Loblaw must change retention of PC Optimum data after account deletion Other
During a wave of boycotts in 2024, Loblaw did not process deletion requests in time and retained purchase and usage data from the loyalty programme (more than 17 million members) even after accounts were closed, without demonstrating effective anonymisation. Loblaw undertook to the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) to have the anonymisation independently reviewed and to carry out annual deletions.
Companies that continue to use data as anonymous after account deletion must be able to demonstrate the re-identification risk – IP addresses are often enough to link data to a person.
- Authority / court
- Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- PIPEDA
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 5 Mar 2026
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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2 Mar 2026 Nordic Cleaning ApSNordic Cleaning: fine for leaving access request unanswered despite an order €8,031
Despite repeated follow-ups by the trade union, the cleaning company did not respond to a union member’s access request and also failed to comply with the order of the Danish Data Protection Agency (Datatilsynet) to decide on the request. Datatilsynet reported the company; the case was closed on 2 March 2026 with a fine notice of 60,000 DKK.
Access requests and orders from authorities need a fixed intake channel and a responsible person – ignoring them leads straight to a criminal complaint.
Handling access requests (Art. 15 GDPR)
- Authority / court
- Anklagemyndigheden (Bødeforelæg) auf Anzeige der Datatilsynet
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 15; Nichtbefolgung einer Anordnung der Datatilsynet; databeskyttelsesloven
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 60,000 DKK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 2 Mar 2026.
- Datatilsynet – Klein2 ApS og Nordic Cleaning ApS indstilles til bøde (Opdatering: afgjort 2. marts 2026) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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2 Mar 2026 Suomen Numerokeskus OySuomen Numerokeskus: 5,000 EUR – call recordings only played by phone instead of provided as a copy €5,000
Following six complaints, the Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto (Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman) found that the company did not provide a copy to customers who requested recordings of their sales calls in order to dispute invoices, offering only to let them listen via customer service, and in some cases deleted recordings. In addition to a reprimand, a fine of 5,000 EUR was imposed.
Access means a copy: anyone who records calls must be able to provide the recording to data subjects in a suitable form.
Right of access to call recordings
- Authority / court
- Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto – seuraamuskollegio (Datenschutzbeauftragter, Sanktionsgremium)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 15 Abs. 1 und 3
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 25 Mar 2026
- Finlex – Tietosuojavaltuutettu 2.3.2026 (puhelutallenteet) Decision of an authority
- Tietosuojavaltuutettu – Suomen Numerokeskukselle seuraamusmaksu puutteista puhelutallenteiden antamisessa (25.03.2026) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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24 Feb 2026 Amazon Italia Logistica S.r.l.Garante halts records on illness and strikes at Amazon Italia Logistica Order
During an inspection at the Passo Corese logistics centre (around 1,800 employees), the Garante (Italian data protection authority) found that, after return-to-work interviews, information on illnesses, participation in strikes, trade union activities and family circumstances of employees – irrelevant to their professional aptitude – was recorded in free-text fields of a platform linked to time recording and accessible to many managers. With immediate effect it ordered the definitive restriction of processing of these entries – also at all other sites using the platform – and of four cameras at the entrances to toilets and break areas; the investigation was continuing.
Notes from staff interviews may only contain job-relevant information – health, strike participation and private life do not belong in HR systems.
Documenting staff interviews and sensitive employee data
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, c und e, Art. 6, 9 und 88 DSGVO; Art. 113 Codice privacy (D.Lgs. 196/2003); Maßnahme nach Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. f DSGVO
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 24 Feb 2026
- Garante, Provvedimento n. 107 del 24 febbraio 2026 (Amazon Italia Logistica s.r.l.), doc. web n. 10224096 Decision of an authority
- Garante, Comunicato stampa 24 febbraio 2026: Garante privacy ad Amazon, stop alla schedatura dei lavoratori Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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23 Feb 2026 Reddit, Inc.ICO: £14.47 million fine for Reddit over processing children's data without age checks €16.6m
The ICO fined Reddit, Inc. £14,472,500. The regulator found that the platform did not use any robust age assurance and therefore had no lawful basis for processing the personal data of children under 13. The ICO also found that Reddit had not carried out a data protection impact assessment on the risks to children before January 2025. The ICO found infringements of Articles 5(1)(a), 6, 8 and 35 UK GDPR.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(a), 6, 8 und 35 UK GDPR; section 155 DPA 2018
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
Original amount 14,472,500 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 23 Feb 2026.
- ICO Enforcement: Reddit, Inc. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: Reddit, Inc. (23 February 2026) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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20 Feb 2026 SC Hayat Dent SRLDental clinic Hayat Dent obstructs investigation of data leak – 2,000 EUR €1,999
The clinic’s managing director himself reported that a former employee had copied contact details and patient records of all patients and poached them for a new clinic. In the subsequent investigation, the clinic did not fully answer the requests of the Romanian data protection authority (ANSPDCP) despite a reprimand and an order; the authority therefore imposed 10,190 lei (2,000 EUR). Date = publication of the press release; according to the authority, the investigation was concluded in February 2026.
Offboarding processes must block data access immediately – and anyone reporting an incident must also support its investigation.
Taking patient data when leaving; cooperation with the supervisory authority
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 58 Abs. 1, Art. 83 Abs. 5 lit. e DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Published
- 20 Feb 2026
Original amount 10,190 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 20 Feb 2026.
- ANSPDCP – Comunicat de presă 20.02.2026 (SC Hayat Dent SRL) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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20 Feb 2026 The Commissioner of Police for the City of London (City of London Police)ICO: reprimand for City of London Police over late subject access responses Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the City of London Police. The ICO found that between 1 April 2023 and 31 July 2025 the police force had failed to answer subject access requests within the statutory deadline. The ICO found this breached Article 12(3) UK GDPR and section 45(3) of the Data Protection Act 2018.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3) UK GDPR; section 45(3) DPA 2018; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO Enforcement: The Commissioner of Police for the City of London. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Reprimand: City of London Police (20 February 2026) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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19 Feb 2026 Restaurant Partner Polska sp. z o.o. (Betreiberin der Plattform Glovo)Glovo Poland: 5.9 million PLN for copies of identity documents without legal basis €1.4m
Since 2019, the delivery platform had required scans or photos of its users’ identity cards and passports in cases of suspected fraud, relying on legitimate interests. The Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych (President of Poland’s data protection authority, UODO) regarded this as processing without a legal basis and a breach of data minimisation, imposed 5,898,064 PLN and ordered the processing to stop and the data to be erased.
Fraud prevention does not justify copies of identity documents – only those authorised by law may capture documents in full.
Copying identity documents and data minimisation
- Authority / court
- Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych (UODO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und c, Art. 5 Abs. 2, Art. 6 Abs. 1 DSGVO (DKN.5112.33.2022)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Published
- 16 Mar 2026
Original amount 5,898,064 PLN, converted at the ECB reference rate of 19 Feb 2026.
- Nie można kopiować dokumentów bez podstawy prawnej - kara dla Glovo Press release of an authority
- Decyzja DKN.5112.33.2022 z 19 lutego 2026 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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19 Feb 2026 AZOP: 100,000 EUR against estate agent over ID copies and old files €100,000
An estate agency (name not published) kept 11,887 brokerage contracts from 2010 to 2019, together with 914 copies of identity cards, passports and bank cards, without a legal basis, although the managing director stated that no card copies were collected. The Croatian data protection authority (Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka, AZOP) also criticised irregular and inadequate data protection training for employees and imposed 100,000 EUR (date of publication; exact date of the decision not stated).
Make copies of identity documents and cards only with a legal basis, destroy old files on time and train employees regularly.
Data minimisation for ID copies, retention periods
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (AZOP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. c und e, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 32 Abs. 4 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- No damage to data subjects was found.
- Published
- 19 Feb 2026
- Agenciji za nekretnine izrečena kazna u iznosu od 100.000,00 eura Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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18 Feb 2026 Fraser Health Authority, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver Coastal HealthBritish Columbia: 36 hospital staff accessed records of Lapu-Lapu Day victims without authorisation Other
Following the tragedy at the Lapu-Lapu Day festival in 2025, 36 employees of three health authorities accessed patient data of 16 admitted persons without authorisation in 71 instances. Those affected were not informed without undue delay; the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia (OIPC BC) made nine recommendations, including automated access monitoring and deterrent disciplinary measures.
Curiosity is no reason for access: monitor access to the records of high-profile cases in real time and sanction breaches noticeably.
Unauthorised viewing of patient records (snooping)
- Authority / court
- Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia (OIPC BC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (FIPPA) BC, s. 25.1
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Culpability
- intentional
- Mitigating circumstances
- Appropriate safeguards were in place; the authorities responded quickly and accepted all recommendations.
- Published
- 18 Feb 2026
- Investigation reveals 71 snooping incidents by 36 healthcare workers following Lapu Lapu Day tragedy Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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11 Feb 2026 Disney DTC, LLC und ABC Enterprises, Inc. (The Walt Disney Company)California: $2.75 million against Disney over incomplete opt-outs for streaming €2.31m
Disney implemented objections to the sale and sharing of data only for individual services or devices rather than across the whole account, continued to disclose data via embedded ad-tech providers and offered no opt-out in connected TV apps. It was the largest CCPA settlement at the time of the agreement with the Attorney General of California.
An opt-out must take effect across all services, devices and integrated third-party providers of an account.
- Authority / court
- Attorney General of California (California Department of Justice)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 11 Feb 2026
Original amount 2,750,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 11 Feb 2026.
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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5 Feb 2026 DPD Polska sp. z o.o.DPD Polska: PLN 11.46m in fines, including for missing data processing agreements €2.72m
The UODO (Urząd Ochrony Danych Osobowych, Polish data protection authority) fined the parcel carrier DPD Polska sp. z o.o. a total of PLN 11,461,030. PLN 6,251,471 relates to the company using external hauliers for shipments between its depots without a data processing agreement under Art. 28(3) GDPR, although they had access to the address labels during loading and unloading; PLN 5,209,559 relates to staff not being given effective authorisations to process data and the company's own data protection policy not being implemented (Art. 24, 29, 32 GDPR). The authority classed both infringements as intentional and treated earlier reprimands against the company as aggravating. The decision is not final.
Even pure transport providers can be processors if they have access to personal data such as address labels – an Art. 28 GDPR contract is then mandatory.
Recognising data processing by logistics and transport providers
- Authority / court
- Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych (UODO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 28 Abs. 3 i. V. m. Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und Abs. 2 DSGVO; Art. 24 Abs. 1 und 2, Art. 29, Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 4 i. V. m. Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f und Abs. 2 DSGVO; Art. 83 Abs. 4 lit. a und Abs. 5 lit. a DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Culpability
- intentional
- Repeat case
- yes
- Mitigating circumstances
- It was treated as mitigating that, after the proceedings were opened, DPD amended its contracts with the hauliers to include data processing terms and changed its procedure for granting authorisations.
- Liability of senior managers
- No personal liability was established.
- Published
- 23 Feb 2026
Original amount 11,461,030 PLN, converted at the ECB reference rate of 5 Feb 2026.
- UODO: Naruszenie przepisów RODO przez firmę kurierską (23.02.2026) Press release of an authority
- Decyzja Prezesa UODO DKN.5112.1.2023 vom 5. Februar 2026 (Portal Orzeczeń UODO) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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4 Feb 2026 MediaLab.AI, Inc.ICO: £247,590 fine for Imgur operator MediaLab over children's data without age checks €287,361
The ICO fined MediaLab.AI, Inc., which operated the Imgur platform in the UK until 30 September 2025, £247,590. The ICO found that Imgur admitted children under 13, stated to be under parental supervision, and relied on consent as its lawful basis, but it had no way of establishing users' ages and therefore of obtaining the required parental consent. The ICO therefore found there was no valid lawful basis and also found that no data protection impact assessment had been carried out (Articles 5(1)(a), 6, 8 and 35 UK GDPR).
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(a), 6, 8 und 35 UK GDPR; section 155(1)(a) DPA 2018
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
Original amount 247,590 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 4 Feb 2026.
- ICO Enforcement: MediaLab.AI, Inc. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Penalty Notice: MediaLab.AI, Inc. (4 February 2026) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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3 Feb 2026 Gemeenten Delft, Ede, Eindhoven u. a. (10 Gemeinden)AP: €25,000 each for ten municipalities over analyses of Muslim communities €250,000
Ten municipalities (Delft, Ede, Eindhoven, Gooise Meren, Haarlemmermeer, Hilversum, Huizen, Tilburg, Veenendaal and Zoetermeer) had received, stored and used analyses of the local Islamic community prepared by an external research firm (mostly so-called power-field analyses, in Haarlemmermeer a quick scan), which also contained information on the religion and other sensitive characteristics of individuals. On 3 February 2026 the AP (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Dutch data protection authority) imposed 25,000 EUR on each board in separate decisions (250,000 EUR in total); for seven municipalities it also restricted further processing of the analyses to handling data subject rights and court proceedings.
Anyone taking over externally prepared reports containing information on religion or belief is themselves processing special category data and needs their own exemption for doing so.
Special category personal data in security analyses
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a i. V. m. Art. 6 Abs. 1 und Art. 9 Abs. 1 DSGVO (AVG); Verarbeitungsbeschränkung nach Art. 58 Abs. 2 DSGVO (sieben Bescheide)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 5 Feb 2026
- AP – Boetebesluiten tien gemeenten voor illegaal verwerken van informatie islamitische mensen (Dokumentseite) Decision of an authority
- AP – Boetebesluiten 10 Nederlandse gemeenten (Sammel-PDF), 3 februari 2026 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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3 Feb 2026 TMAC LtdICO: £100,000 fine for TMAC over marketing calls to TPS numbers €115,969
The ICO fined TMAC Ltd £100,000 and issued an enforcement notice. The ICO found that between 8 February and 24 September 2024 the company made 260,332 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers registered with the Telephone Preference Service (TPS). Recipients were also not given the caller details required by regulation 24 of PECR. The legal basis is regulations 21 and 24 of PECR.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 21(1)(b) und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 100,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 3 Feb 2026.
- ICO Enforcement: TMAC Ltd (MPN). Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: TMAC Ltd (3 February 2026) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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26 Jan 2026 Sportadmin i Skandinavien ABSportadmin: 6 million SEK after hacker attack on club management system holding children’s data €564,626
The provider of management software and an app for sports clubs suffered a data exfiltration by an external attacker in January 2025. The Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY) found that no appropriate technical and organisational security measures were in place before and at the time of the incident, even though the data processed related predominantly to children and also included health information (allergies, disabilities), and imposed 6 million SEK; in setting the amount it took into account the 2024 group turnover of the Lime group (around 685.7 million SEK).
Software providers that pool sensitive data from many customers must align their security level and attack surfaces with how sensitive the data is (children, health) – not only after an incident.
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 32 Abs. 1
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Mitigating circumstances
- Prompt and comprehensive information of the clubs and data subjects after the incident; support for around 1,700 clubs in filing their notifications within 72 hours.
- Published
- 26 Jan 2026
Original amount 6,000,000 SEK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Jan 2026.
- IMY – Tillsyn Sportadmin i Skandinavien AB Decision of an authority
- IMY – Beslut efter tillsyn, IMY-2025-7801 (26.01.2026) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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22 Jan 2026 France TravailCNIL: 5 million EUR against France Travail after social engineering attack €5m
In early 2024, attackers used social engineering to take over accounts of Cap Emploi advisers and accessed data on jobseekers from the last 20 years, including social security numbers. The French data protection authority (CNIL) criticised weak authentication, insufficient logging and overly broad access rights, and imposed 5 million EUR together with an order carrying a penalty payment of 5,000 EUR per day of delay.
Accounts of external partners with extensive data access need strong authentication, narrow rights and anomaly detection – and their users need training against social engineering.
Social engineering and account takeover
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 29 Jan 2026
- Violation de données : sanction de 5 millions d'euros à l'encontre de FRANCE TRAVAIL Press release of an authority
- CNIL – Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Eintrag 22/01/2026) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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19 Jan 2026 D*** GmbH (Digitalmarketing- und Recruitingagentur, anonymisiert)Recruitment agency: 25,500 EUR for secretly recorded calls with applicants €25,500
The agency conducted telephone pre-screening interviews with applicants on behalf of client companies, recorded them without valid consent, stored them indefinitely and presented itself as the client company in doing so. The Austrian Data Protection Authority (Datenschutzbehörde, DSB) imposed 25,500 EUR (plus 2,550 EUR in costs) for lack of a legal basis and transparency; the company has lodged an appeal against the amount of the fine with the Federal Administrative Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht).
Call recordings in recruitment need a genuine legal basis and clear information about who is actually responsible.
Recording of telephone calls and applicant data
- Authority / court
- Datenschutzbehörde
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, c und e, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 12, 13
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Other
- Employees
- Under 50
- Mitigating circumstances
- No relevant previous violations, cooperation in the proceedings; adjustment of the starting amount to the company's small size.
- Datenschutzbehörde, Straferkenntnis 2025-1.049.138 vom 19.01.2026 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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19 Jan 2026 Continental Automotive Products SRLExcel list with sick notes circulated internally – Continental Automotive pays 15,000 EUR €14,997
An Excel file containing data from medical certificates of current and former employees was repeatedly circulated within the company; the company reported the incident itself. The Romanian data protection authority (ANSPDCP) imposed 25,455 lei (5,000 EUR) for breach of data minimisation and accountability and 50,911 lei (10,000 EUR) for insufficient security measures and ordered a monitoring and control procedure. Date = publication of the press release; according to the authority, the investigation was concluded in the previous month.
Employees’ health data do not belong in freely forwarded Excel lists – HR departments need fixed access limits.
Handling employees’ health data, e-mail distribution lists
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. c und Abs. 2, Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Automotive
- Published
- 19 Jan 2026
Original amount 76,366 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 19 Jan 2026.
- ANSPDCP – Comunicat de presă 19.01.2026 (Continental Automotive Products SRL) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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16 Jan 2026 Timegrip ASTimegrip AS: NOK 250,000 for denying staff access to time records €21,331
Datatilsynet (Norwegian Data Protection Authority) fined the time-recording system provider Timegrip AS NOK 250,000 because, after a retail chain went bankrupt, the company refused 80 former employees access to their clock-in data, which they needed to document their wage claims. The authority treated Timegrip as controller, since after the bankruptcy the company alone in fact decided on storage, use and access, and found a breach of the right of access under Art. 15(1) and (3) GDPR. A fine of NOK 750,000 had been notified; the authority took into account, among other things, the confused situation and its own long case-handling time.
Processors should agree in their contracts how data will be released if the controller goes bankrupt – whoever in fact controls the data is liable as controller, including for access requests.
Employees' right of access and the allocation of controller and processor roles
- Authority / court
- Datatilsynet
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 15 Abs. 1 und 3, Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. i, Art. 83 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Culpability
- intentional
- Mitigating circumstances
- The confused situation after the customer's bankruptcy (given only limited weight) and Datatilsynet's long case-handling time; NOK 750,000 had been notified.
- Published
- 20 Jan 2026
Original amount 250,000 NOK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 16 Jan 2026.
- Datatilsynet: Overtredelsesgebyr for manglende innsyn (20.01.2026) Press release of an authority
- Datatilsynet, Vedtak om ileggelse av overtredelsesgebyr – Timegrip AS, 20/02911-20, 16.01.2026 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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15 Jan 2026 Allay Claims LtdICO: £120,000 fine for Allay Claims over marketing texts about PPI tax refunds €138,344
The ICO fined Allay Claims Ltd £120,000 and issued an enforcement notice. The ICO found that the company had sent a large volume of unsolicited text messages promoting services to reclaim tax on PPI refunds; the enforcement notice gives the period as 1 February 2023 to 13 February 2024. The ICO found a serious breach of regulation 22 of PECR (electronic marketing without consent).
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
Original amount 120,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 15 Jan 2026.
- ICO Enforcement: Allay Claims Ltd (MPN). Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: Allay Claims Ltd (15 January 2026) Decision of an authority
- Enforcement Notice: Allay Claims Ltd (15 January 2026) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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13 Jan 2026 General Motors LLC, General Motors Holdings LLC und OnStar, LLCGeneral Motors/OnStar: FTC order after sale of location and driving data Order
The FTC finalised its order against General Motors and OnStar. According to the authority, GM used a misleading enrolment process to sign customers up for the OnStar service and the Smart Driver feature, collected precise location and driving behaviour data from millions of vehicles and sold it to third parties, including consumer reporting agencies, without clear notice and affirmative consent. GM may not disclose this data to consumer reporting agencies for five years and, for the 20-year term of the order, must obtain affirmative consent before collecting, using or sharing connected vehicle data, allow access and deletion, and offer a way to disable location collection; the order does not provide for any payment. The authority allegedly made the findings set out here; this account is not based on a final judgment.
Data from connected products may only be passed to third parties after clear notice and affirmative consent – a tick box in the enrolment process is no substitute.
Consent for connected products; sharing of location and usage data
- Authority / court
- Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Section 5(a) FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a) (unlautere und irreführende Praktiken)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Automotive
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 14 Jan 2026
- FTC, In the Matter of General Motors LLC et al., Docket No. C-4828, Decision and Order (issued 13.01.2026) Decision of an authority
- FTC-Pressemitteilung: FTC Finalizes Order Settling Allegations that GM and OnStar Collected and Sold Geolocation Data Without Consumers' Informed Consent (14.01.2026) Press release of an authority
- FTC, In the Matter of General Motors LLC et al., Docket No. C-4828, Complaint Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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8 Jan 2026 Free Mobile SAS und Free SASCNIL: 42 million EUR against Free Mobile and Free after data leak affecting 24 million contracts €42m
Following an attack in October 2024 in which data relating to around 24 million customer contracts, including IBANs, was exfiltrated, the French data protection authority (CNIL) imposed 27 million EUR on Free Mobile and 15 million EUR on Free (42 million EUR in total). The authority objected to VPN access without adequate authentication, deficient detection of suspicious access, incomplete notification of data subjects and, at Free Mobile, excessively long retention of old contracts; orders with deadlines were also issued.
Put remote access such as VPN behind multi-factor authentication, and consistently delete legacy data from terminated contracts.
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e, Art. 32, Art. 34 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Mitigating circumstances
- During the proceedings, the companies introduced multi-factor authentication, a Security Operations Centre and improved logging.
- Published
- 14 Jan 2026
- Violation de données : sanction de 42 millions d'euros à l'encontre des sociétés FREE MOBILE et FREE Press release of an authority
- Délibération SAN-2026-001 du 8 janvier 2026 (FREE MOBILE) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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8 Jan 2026 People Central Pte. Ltd.People Central: 17,500 SGD after attack on HR cloud holding data on 95,000 employees €11,671
The provider of cloud-based HR software received an extortion email in April 2024; an attacker had deleted databases on its AWS servers and likely exfiltrated data, and data allegedly taken was offered for sale on the dark web – data on 95,000 employees of its clients (including identity number, salary, bank account and religion) and on 24,765 emergency contacts and children was put at risk. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) found a breach of the Protection Obligation because, despite the HR data entrusted to it by clients, the provider had no web application firewall against existing SQL injection vulnerabilities, remote desktop access open to the internet without two-factor authentication, and vulnerability scans only every two years. It imposed 17,500 SGD, payable in twelve monthly instalments in view of the company's cash flow, and directed among other things a web application firewall, annual penetration tests, two-factor authentication and encryption of all personal data fields.
Cloud providers processing sensitive HR data for clients must secure remote access and have their applications tested regularly for vulnerabilities.
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Section 24 PDPA 2012 (Protection Obligation); Section 48J PDPA (Financial Penalty)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- Cooperation, admission under the Expedited Decision Procedure and first breach; payment in instalments in view of cash flow, while a waiver was refused.
- Published
- 8 Jan 2026
Original amount 17,500 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 8 Jan 2026.
- PDPC – Enforcement Decisions: Breach of the Protection Obligation by People Central Pte Ltd (veröffentlicht 08.01.2026) Enforcement database of an authority
- PDPC – Summary of the Decision [2025] SGPDPCS 4, People Central Pte. Ltd., Case No. DP-2405-C2330, PDF (ohne Datum) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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8 Jan 2026 Αρχηγείο Πυροσβεστικού Σώματος (Hauptquartier der griechischen Feuerwehr)Greece: 10,000 EUR against Fire Service Headquarters over health data in duty log €10,000
In a daily orders book of a fire service unit that was accessible to staff, not only the transfer of a female officer to light duties was recorded, but also her illness, the treatment and the medication prescribed. The Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) found a breach of lawfulness and data minimisation and, by Decision 1/2026, imposed a fine of 10,000 EUR on the Fire Service Headquarters.
Employees’ health information never belongs in generally accessible official records – the reason for an absence generally does not need to be disclosed.
Confidential handling of employees’ health data
- Authority / court
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und c DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Απόφαση 1/2026 της Αρχής Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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2 Jan 2026 Poczta Polska S.A.Poczta Polska: 978,128 PLN because the data protection officer was not independent €232,208
The function of data protection officer was performed by a manager who was at the same time responsible for security and protection of classified information and thus monitored their own activities; there was no conflict analysis. Poland’s data protection authority (UODO) imposed 978,128 PLN and referred to numerous previous reprimands and orders against the company.
Data protection officers must not be responsible for the processes they monitor – check dual roles for conflicts of interest in advance.
- Authority / court
- Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych (UODO)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 38 Abs. 3 und 6 DSGVO (DKN.5131.4.2025)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Repeat case
- yes
- Mitigating circumstances
- During the proceedings the function was made independent and placed directly under the management board.
- Published
- 26 Jan 2026
Original amount 978,128 PLN, converted at the ECB reference rate of 2 Jan 2026.
- Kara dla Poczty Polskiej za brak zapewnienia niezależności sprawowania funkcji IOD Press release of an authority
- Decyzja DKN.5131.4.2025 z 2 stycznia 2026 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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31 Dec 2025 ONE WAY PRIVATE COMPANYGreece: 80,000 EUR against call centre One Way over marketing calls for gas supplier €80,000
Following numerous complaints about marketing calls for the gas supplier ZENITH, the Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) found that the call centre engaged had insufficient security measures and called persons without valid consent. By Decision 44/2025, One Way received 40,000 EUR each as processor and as controller, together with an order to delete the data of persons without valid consent; ZENITH and two other service providers were also held liable (10,000, 10,000 and 5,000 EUR).
Anyone outsourcing telemarketing must regularly carry out sample checks on call centres – and call centres are themselves liable for calls made without consent.
Checking consent before telemarketing
- Authority / court
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 5, 6, 7, 29, 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Repeat case
- yes
- Απόφαση 44/2025 της Αρχής Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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30 Dec 2025 Einzelhandelskette mit Kundenprogramm (anonymisiert)CNIL: €3.5m fine for retail chain over sharing customer data with a social network €3.5m
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined an unnamed retail chain EUR 3,500,000 (EUR 2,500,000 under Art. 6(1)(a), 13, 32 and 35 GDPR and EUR 1,000,000 under Art. 82 of the Loi Informatique et Libertés, the French Data Protection Act). Since 2018 the company had transferred e-mail addresses and telephone numbers of members of its loyalty programme to a social network without valid consent in order to show them targeted advertising there; more than 10.5 million people were affected. In addition, there was inadequate information, weak password rules with SHA-256 hashing, no data protection impact assessment, and cookies that were set before any choice and continued to be read after a refusal.
Anyone transferring customer data to platforms for audience targeting needs a separate, clearly worded consent and a prior data protection impact assessment.
Using customer data for advertising on social networks
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1 lit. a, 13, 32 und 35 DSGVO; Art. 82 Loi n° 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978 (Loi Informatique et Libertés)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Culpability
- negligent
- Published
- 22 Jan 2026
- CNIL: Transmission de données à un réseau social à des fins publicitaires : la CNIL prononce une sanction de 3,5 millions d'euros (22.01.2026) Press release of an authority
- Délibération de la formation restreinte n° SAN-2025-017 du 30 décembre 2025 concernant la société X Decision of an authority
- CNIL: Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Liste, Stand 14.04.2026) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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30 Dec 2025 Rickenbacher Data LLC (Datamasters)CPPA: $45,000 against data broker Datamasters over failure to register €38,275
Without registering as a data broker, the Texas reseller traded in the names and contact details of millions of people, sorted by illnesses such as Alzheimer's or addiction, by age, presumed ethnicity and political views. In addition to the fine, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) requires it to stop selling data on all Californians.
Companies that buy or sell address lists for advertising must check registration obligations – health-related lists are particularly risky.
- Authority / court
- California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- California Delete Act (Registrierungspflicht für Datenhändler)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Other
- Published
- 8 Jan 2026
Original amount 45,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 30 Dec 2025.
- CalPrivacy Data Broker Enforcement Strike Force: enforcement actions Press release of an authority
- CPPA Order of Decision: Rickenbacher Data LLC d/b/a Datamasters (ENF25-172-D-DA) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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29 Dec 2025 SESAMi (Singapore) Pte Ltd; Abecha Pte LtdSESAMi: 8,750 SGD after ransomware attack on network drive shared with its subsidiary €5,786
In August 2024 an attacker encrypted a network drive shared by SESAMi and its subsidiary Abecha holding payment data (including full credit card numbers and bank account details) of around 20,471 customers of the subsidiary's fuel fleet discount programme and of up to 18,837 individuals from registrations for SESAMi's B2B platform; exfiltration could not be established. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) classified SESAMi, which ran the network for the subsidiary without a written contract, as a data intermediary in that respect and found a negligent breach of the Protection Obligation by SESAMi (including outdated firewall and VPN firmware, no patch management and unenforced password and MFA rules), and likewise by Abecha, which as controller had taken no steps to ensure adequate security at SESAMi. SESAMi received 8,750 SGD and directions, while Abecha, as the controller, received directions only, including setting out roles and data protection duties within the group in writing.
Even within a group, processing data for another group company requires a written allocation of roles and duties, and the responsible company must actively demand adequate security from its service provider.
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Section 24(a) PDPA 2012 (Protection Obligation); Section 4(3) PDPA (Pflichten bei Einsatz eines Data Intermediary); Section 48J PDPA (Financial Penalty)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Cooperation, prompt and effective remediation, admission under the Expedited Decision Procedure; for Abecha also lower culpability owing to its limited autonomy as a wholly owned subsidiary, one of the reasons for not imposing a fine on it.
- Published
- 26 Feb 2026
Original amount 8,750 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 29 Dec 2025.
- PDPC – Enforcement Decisions: Breach of the Protection Obligation by SESAMi (Singapore) Pte Ltd and Abecha Pte Ltd (veröffentlicht 26.02.2026) Enforcement database of an authority
- PDPC – Summary of the Decision [2025] SGPDPCS 1, SESAMi (Singapore) Pte Ltd / Abecha Pte Ltd, Case No. DP-2408-C2786 (29.12.2025), PDF Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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24 Dec 2025 ΗΡΩΝ Α.Ε. Ενεργειακών Υπηρεσιών (Heron), ICOMM Call Center I.K.E. und ein weiteres Callcenter (Einpersonengesellschaft, anonymisiert)Heron and call centres fined EUR 165,000 for calls despite opt-out list €165,000
Following numerous complaints about marketing calls for Heron, the Archi Prostasias Dedomenon (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) found in Decision 43/2025 shortcomings in the controls over the call centres engaged and in security measures, with the result that subscribers on the opt-out register under Art. 11 of Law 3471/2006 were also called; in addition, some data had been collected unlawfully. It imposed a total of EUR 165,000: EUR 115,000 on Heron (Art. 32 GDPR) together with a warning and an order to introduce, within six months, an audit procedure for call-centre partners with checks at least once a year, EUR 35,000 on ICOMM (5,000 Art. 32, 10,000 Art. 29, 20,000 Art. 5(1)(a) GDPR) with an erasure order, and EUR 15,000 on a further call centre (Art. 32 GDPR).
Outsourcing telemarketing requires regular, sample-based audits of partners – responsibility for opt-out lists stays with the principal.
Telemarketing through service providers and screening against opt-out lists
- Authority / court
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 29, Art. 32, Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d, f und i DSGVO; Art. 11 ν. 3471/2006; Art. 21 ν. 2472/1997 i. V. m. Art. 84 ν. 4624/2019
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Απόφαση 43/2025 (Αθήνα, 24-12-2025) Decision of an authority
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων – Προώθηση προϊόντων και υπηρεσιών από πάροχο υπηρεσιών ενέργειας (Ημερομηνία 24/12/2025) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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23 Dec 2025 Amazon France Logistique SASConseil d'État reduces CNIL fine against Amazon France Logistique to 15 million EUR €15m
In 2023, the French data protection authority (CNIL) had imposed 32 million EUR for the real-time monitoring of warehouse staff through scanner metrics. France's supreme administrative court (Conseil d'État) held that three metrics (‘Stow Machine Gun’, ‘Idle Time’, ‘Latency’) were covered by legitimate interest, but upheld the findings on the 31-day retention of all metrics, information deficiencies and security flaws in the video surveillance, and reduced the fine to 15 million EUR.
Store employee performance metrics only for as long and in as much detail as their specific purpose requires.
- Authority / court
- Conseil d'État
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. c, Art. 12, 13, 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Conseil d'État, décision n° 492830 du 23 décembre 2025 Court decision
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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23 Dec 2025 Disney Worldwide Services, Inc. und Disney Entertainment Operations LLCDisney: 10 million USD over mislabelled children's videos on YouTube €8.48m
On a complaint filed by the U.S. Department of Justice on behalf of the FTC, the federal district court for the Central District of California entered an order against two Disney companies. Disney is alleged to have failed to label child-directed videos on YouTube as 'Made for Kids' because it designated audiences only at channel level; as a result, data from children under 13 could be collected via YouTube without notice to and consent from their parents and used for targeted advertising. Disney pays a civil penalty of 10,000,000 USD and must set up a programme for reviewing and designating the audience of its videos. The authority allegedly made the findings set out here; this account is not based on a final judgment.
A company distributing content through third-party platforms remains responsible for their privacy settings – channel-level defaults must be checked for each piece of content.
Children's privacy for content on third-party platforms; maintaining platform settings
- Authority / court
- Federal Trade Commission (FTC); Klage durch das U.S. Department of Justice, Anordnung des U.S. District Court for the Central District of California
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- COPPA Rule, 16 C.F.R. Part 312; Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 6502(c), 6505(d); Verfahren nach 15 U.S.C. §§ 45(m)(1)(A), 53(b)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 31 Dec 2025
Original amount 10,000,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 23 Dec 2025.
- U.S. v. Disney Worldwide Services, Inc. et al., No. 2:25-cv-08223 (C.D. Cal.), Order for Permanent Injunction, Civil Penalty Judgment, and Other Relief (23.12.2025) Court decision
- FTC-Pressemitteilung: Court Approves Order Requiring Disney to Pay $10 Million to Settle FTC Allegations (31.12.2025) Press release of an authority
- FTC-Pressemitteilung: Disney to Pay $10 Million to Settle FTC Allegations the Company Enabled the Unlawful Collection of Children's Personal Data (02.09.2025) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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22 Dec 2025 Nexpublica FranceCNIL: 1.7 million EUR against processor Nexpublica over security flaws €1.7m
As a processor, Nexpublica developed and operated the case management software ‘Public CRM’ for the disability authority MDPH Nord. Following two data breaches in 2022, audits revealed critical vulnerabilities that had existed since 2021, such as outdated SHA-1 hashing; the French data protection authority (CNIL) imposed 1.7 million EUR directly on the service provider.
Processors are themselves liable for the data security of their software; do not leave known vulnerabilities unaddressed until the next breach.
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Délibération SAN-2025-015 du 22 décembre 2025 (NEXPUBLICA FRANCE) Decision of an authority
- Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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22 Dec 2025 Curenergía Comercializador de Último Recurso, S.A.U.AEPD: 500,000 EUR against energy supplier Curenergía after misdirected message in dual chat €500,000
An employee of the customer service provider was serving two customers in chat at the same time and assigned one customer's e-mail address to the other; as a result, the complainant received the name, debts and billing data of a stranger. The Spanish data protection authority (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, AEPD) saw the cause in the process design, which allowed parallel chats, and imposed 500,000 EUR for lack of data protection by design; the request for reconsideration was rejected.
Design service channels so that mix-ups between customers are technically harder – an individual error can be an organisational failure.
Diligence in customer service / misdirected messages
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 25 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- AEPD Resolución PS/00190/2024 (EXP202316394) Decision of an authority
- AEPD Resolución recurso de reposición PS/00190/2024 (Datum der Ausgangsentscheidung 22.12.2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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19 Dec 2025 MÁV Személyszállítási Zrt. (Rechtsnachfolgerin der MÁV-HÉV Zrt.)MÁV: HUF 50m for audio recording by cameras at HÉV stations €129,266
For years the cameras at stations and stops of the Budapest suburban railway HÉV also recorded sound; the NAIH (Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság, Hungarian data protection authority) found breaches of transparency, data minimisation, lawfulness, storage limitation and the duty to carry out a data protection impact assessment. It imposed HUF 50,000,000 on the operator's legal successor and at the same time warned it against future audio recording without demonstrated necessity.
Audio recording in video surveillance is a separate and serious intrusion that needs its own necessity assessment, including an impact assessment.
Audio recording in video surveillance of public spaces
- Authority / court
- Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság (NAIH)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, c, e, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 12 Abs. 1, Art. 13 Abs. 1 lit. e, Art. 35 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Culpability
- negligent
- Published
- 19 Dec 2025
Original amount 50,000,000 HUF, converted at the ECB reference rate of 19 Dec 2025.
- NAIH, Határozat NAIH-1589-19/2025 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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18 Dec 2025 Croatia: 1.5 million EUR against bank whose app recorded all apps installed by customers €1.5m
The mobile banking app of a bank (name not published) scanned the list of all installed applications on the Android and Huawei devices of 433,922 customers and stored it centrally – without a legal basis, without transparent information and without a data-minimising design. The Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (Croatian Personal Data Protection Agency, AZOP) imposed 1.5 million EUR; the decision is not final (date = publication).
Fraud prevention does not justify capturing device data in full – a blocklist of known malicious apps would have been the less intrusive means.
- Authority / court
- Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (AZOP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und c, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 12, 13, 25 Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 18 Dec 2025
- Banci izrečena upravna novčana kazna u iznosu od 1,5 milijuna eura Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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18 Dec 2025 Werbendes Unternehmen aus dem Energiesektor (anonymisiert)BNetzA: €210,000 fine on energy company over contracts foisted on consumers by phone €210,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined an energy company 210,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. Callers often posed as the consumer's energy supplier, and in many cases contracts were foisted on the people called; the company has appealed.
Anyone marketing by phone needs verifiable prior consent and must not pose as the existing supplier of the people called.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- BNetzA: Bußgelder Unerlaubte Telefonwerbung (laufende Liste mit Einzelmeldungen) Enforcement database of an authority
- BNetzA-Pressemitteilung 26.01.2026: Erneuter Anstieg der Beschwerdezahlen (Bußgelder 2025) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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18 Dec 2025 Pioneer Hi-Bred Italia Sementi s.r.l.Pioneer Hi-Bred Italia Sementi: 120,000 EUR for monitoring field staff's driving style €120,000
At the instruction of a group company based in Switzerland, the seed company had telematics devices installed in company cars that also recorded private journeys and assigned employees scores for their driving behaviour. Italy's data protection authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) found breaches of transparency, purpose limitation, data minimisation and employee protection rules, imposed 120,000 EUR and ordered the deletion of the data on private journeys.
Group-wide telematics requirements must be assessed against local employment and data protection law before roll-out – especially where vehicles are also used privately.
Employee monitoring through telematics
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a-c, 6 Abs. 1 lit. f, 13, 28, 88; Codice privacy Art. 2-quaterdecies, 113, 114
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Food and agriculture
- Mitigating circumstances
- Small number of data subjects (five employees), immediate suspension of the processing.
- Provvedimento del 18 dicembre 2025 [10213711] (Reg. 755/2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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18 Dec 2025 Werbendes Unternehmen aus dem Sektor Photovoltaik (anonymisiert)BNetzA: €100,500 fine on solar panel seller over disguised sales calls €100,500
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) imposed fines totalling 100,500 EUR on a solar photovoltaic company: 66,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising and 34,500 EUR for withholding caller numbers on sales calls. Callers concealed who the calls were really for and in some cases falsely presented sales calls as mere advisory calls.
Even a business that merely commissions sales calls can itself be fined – consent of the people called should be checked before a campaign starts.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern; Verbot der Rufnummernunterdrückung bei Werbeanrufen
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- BNetzA: Bußgelder Unerlaubte Telefonwerbung (laufende Liste mit Einzelmeldungen) Enforcement database of an authority
- BNetzA-Pressemitteilung 26.01.2026: Erneuter Anstieg der Beschwerdezahlen (Bußgelder 2025) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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16 Dec 2025 Luxembourg: 7,000 EUR against equipment manufacturer over incomplete record of processing €7,000
During an on-site inspection in November 2023, a Luxembourg manufacturer of technical equipment (pseudonymised in the decision as “Société A”) did not hand over its record of processing activities but only showed it in an online application; the record exported from the software the following day, with 40 entries, was incomplete and inaccurate, including as regards contact details, categories of data subjects and data, recipients and transfers to third countries. The CNPD (Commission nationale pour la protection des données, the Luxembourg data protection authority) imposed 7,000 EUR, issued a reprimand and ordered the record to be completed within two months.
Have your record of processing activities available on request and name recipients and third countries specifically – “group companies” or “service providers” is not enough.
Maintaining the record of processing activities
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale pour la protection des données (CNPD), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 30 Abs. 1 lit. a, c, d, e
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Manufacturing and mechanical engineering
- Culpability
- negligent
- Délibération n° 7FR/2025 du 16 décembre 2025 – amende et autres mesures correctrices Decision of an authority
- Entscheidung 7FR/2025 (pseudonymisierte Fassung, PDF) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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16 Dec 2025 Unternehmen für private Sicherheitsdienste (anonymisiert)Luxembourg security services firm: EUR 2,784 for incomplete record of processing €2,784
The CNPD (Luxembourg data protection authority) imposed a fine of EUR 2,784, a reprimand and an order on a Luxembourg private security services company with more than 250 employees because its record of processing activities did not fully contain the information required by Art. 30(1) GDPR. Within one month it had to describe the security measures for its whistleblowing report handling, or state expressly that there were none.
The record of processing must contain, for every processing operation – including the handling of whistleblower reports – complete information on purposes, recipients, erasure periods and security measures.
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale pour la protection des données (CNPD), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 30(1)(a), (c), (d), (e), (f) und (g) DSGVO; Art. 58(2) und 83 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Defence and security
- CNPD, Délibération n° 4FR/2025 du 16 décembre 2025 (version pseudonymisée) Decision of an authority
- CNPD, Décisions – Délibération n° 4FR/2025 Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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15 Dec 2025 Stichting Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen (HAN University of Applied Sciences)Netherlands: 175,000 EUR against HAN university over inadequate security after hack €175,000
In 2021, a hacker gained access via a web form to a web server and a database server of the university, obtained, among other things, names with passwords and citizen service numbers of students and staff, and unsuccessfully demanded a ransom. According to the Dutch data protection authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, AP), security was not aligned with the risks, and the rights of a database account were not restricted.
Give database accounts of web applications minimal rights so that a single vulnerability does not expose the entire data set.
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 32
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Public sector
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Settlement without objection; active damage limitation, strengthened resilience and sharing of lessons learned with other organisations.
- Published
- 17 Dec 2025
- HAN krijgt boete van 175.000 euro voor onvoldoende beveiliging van persoonsgegevens Press release of an authority
- Boete HAN Decision of an authority
- AP: Besluit tot oplegging van een bestuurlijke boete aan Stichting Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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12 Dec 2025 Police Service of ScotlandICO: £66,000 fine and reprimand for Police Scotland over handling of sensitive data €75,282
The ICO fined the Police Service of Scotland £66,000 and also issued a reprimand. The ICO found that, during a criminal investigation, the police carried out a bulk download of data from the mobile phone of an employee who had made a complaint, without ensuring that this was lawful, fair and limited to what was necessary; it found infringements for the period 18 January to 5 April 2021. For this the ICO issued the reprimand under sections 35 and 37 DPA 2018 (Part 3). The ICO also found that the Professional Standards Department later disclosed this data without authorisation to the person accused, in an internal misconduct investigation. Appropriate technical and organisational measures for compiling such misconduct packs were missing, and the breach was only reported to the ICO on 30 June 2022, although the police had known of it since 17 June 2022. For these infringements the ICO imposed the fine. The combined notice relies, among other provisions, on Articles 5(1)(f) and 32(1) UK GDPR (security of processing), Articles 5(1)(c) and 25 UK GDPR (data minimisation, data protection by design) and Article 33(1) UK GDPR (breach notification).
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(c), 5(1)(f), 25(1)-(2), 32(1) und 33(1) UK GDPR; section 155 DPA 2018 (Geldbuße); sections 35 und 37 DPA 2018 (Part 3), Verwarnung nach Schedule 13 para 2(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
Original amount 66,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Dec 2025.
- ICO Enforcement: Police Service of Scotland. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Reprimand and Penalty Notice: Police Service of Scotland (12 December 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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11 Dec 2025 MOBIUS SOLUTIONS LTDMobius Solutions: €1m fine as data processor for Deezer €1m
The CNIL (Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés, French data protection authority) fined MOBIUS SOLUTIONS LTD, a provider of tools for personalised advertising campaigns with no establishment in the EU, EUR 1,000,000: as a processor for Deezer, the company had kept a copy of the data of more than 46 million users after the contract ended, used the data without instructions to improve its own services and kept no record of its processing activities (Art. 28(3)(g), Art. 29, Art. 30 GDPR). Deezer had notified the CNIL in November 2022 that user data had appeared on the dark web.
Controllers should obtain proof of deletion when a contract ends; processors are liable even when their own staff copy client data without instructions.
Deletion duty and instruction-bound processing for processors
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 28 Abs. 3 lit. g, Art. 29 und Art. 30 DSGVO (Délibération SAN-2025-014 vom 11.12.2025)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 19 Dec 2025
- CNIL: Violation de données : sanction d'un million d'euros à l'encontre de la société MOBIUS SOLUTIONS LTD (19.12.2025) Press release of an authority
- CNIL: Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Eintrag 11/12/2025, Société ayant pour activité le développement d'outils marketing, 1 000 000 euros) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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11 Dec 2025 ZMLUK LimitedICO: £105,000 fine for ZMLUK over unsolicited marketing emails €119,986
The ICO fined ZMLUK Limited £105,000. The ICO found that the company had sent unsolicited marketing emails for energy-saving products; the notice gives the period as 1 January to 21 July 2023. The ICO found a serious breach of regulation 22 of PECR (electronic marketing without consent). Under the notice, timely payment reduces the amount by 20% to £84,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 105,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 11 Dec 2025.
- ICO Enforcement: ZMLUK Limited. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: ZMLUK Ltd (11 December 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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10 Dec 2025 University of LimerickDPC: €98,000 fine against University of Limerick after phishing of staff mailboxes €98,000
Between 2018 and 2020 the university notified twelve personal data breaches, six of which involved unauthorised persons gaining access to staff email accounts through phishing and in some cases setting up forwarding rules. The DPC found infringements of Art. 5(1)(f), 30(1), 32(1), 33(1) and 34(1) GDPR, issued a reprimand and imposed fines of €45,000, €3,000, €35,000 and €15,000, totalling €98,000.
Phishing protection for mailboxes and clear internal reporting channels determine whether data breaches are reported to the authority and affected persons on time.
Recognising phishing and reporting data breaches within 72 hours
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 30(1), 32(1), 33(1), 34(1) DSGVO; ss. 110–111 Data Protection Act 2018
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Mitigating circumstances
- The university accepted most of the findings, acknowledged responsibility and improved its systems, training and policies; the fines are well below those in the draft and no remedial order was made.
- DPC: Inquiry concerning the University of Limerick (IN-19-7-1) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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2 Dec 2025 Post Office LimitedICO: reprimand for Post Office over publication of unredacted settlement deed Reprimand or warning
On 2 December 2025 the ICO issued a reprimand to Post Office Limited. The ICO found that on 25 April 2024 the company put the unredacted version of a settlement deed on its corporate website instead of the intended redacted one, exposing personal data of 502 postmasters who had taken part in the 2017 group litigation linked to the Horizon IT scandal. The ICO concluded that appropriate technical and organisational measures were lacking, in breach of Articles 5(1)(f), 32(1) and 32(2) UK GDPR. No fine was imposed.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 32(1) und 32(2) UK GDPR; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- ICO Enforcement: Post Office Limited. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Reprimand: Post Office Limited (2 December 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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2 Dec 2025 Russmedia Digital SRLCJEU: online marketplace is liable as controller for data in user adverts –
On the Romanian marketplace publi24.ro, a fake advert appeared with photos and the telephone number of a woman, claiming that she offered sexual services. The Court of Justice of the European Union (Grand Chamber, Case C-492/23) ruled that the operator is a controller within the meaning of the GDPR, must identify adverts containing sensitive data before publication and verify identity or consent, and cannot rely on the liability exemption of the E-Commerce Directive.
Platforms with user content must technically detect and check sensitive data before publication – notice and takedown alone is not sufficient.
- Authority / court
- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union (Große Kammer), Rs. C-492/23
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO (Verantwortlicher, Art. 9, Art. 32); Richtlinie 2000/31/EG
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Published
- 2 Dec 2025
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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28 Nov 2025 Sprinter Megacentros del Deporte, S.L.AEPD: €1.56m fine for sporting goods retailer Sprinter after data breach €1.56m
Following a cyber attack involving unauthorised access to data, which according to the decision may have affected up to around 6.38 million people (including around 4.67 million customers in Spain as well as employees and former employees), the AEPD as lead authority found inadequate security measures (Art. 5(1)(f) GDPR). The sanction of 2,600,000 EUR was reduced by 40% to 1,560,000 EUR because liability was acknowledged and payment made voluntarily; remedial measures were also ordered.
Large holdings of customer and employee data need protective measures commensurate with their volume and sensitivity.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Employees
- 1,000 to 9,999
- Mitigating circumstances
- 40% reduction for acknowledgement of liability and voluntary payment (Art. 85 LPACAP).
- Published
- 19 Dec 2025
- AEPD, Resolución PS/00373/2025 (EXP202401683), Sprinter Megacentros del Deporte Decision of an authority
- BOE: Resolución de 10 de diciembre de 2025 der AEPD, Sanktionen über 1 Mio. Euro Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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27 Nov 2025 American Express Carte FranceAmerican Express Carte France: 1.5 million EUR – marketing cookies despite ‘Reject all’ €1.5m
When the website was accessed, eight non-exempt cookies were placed without any user action; after ‘Reject all’, three marketing cookies were nevertheless placed when switching to an affiliated domain, and after consent was withdrawn, cookies continued to be read. The Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés (French data protection authority, CNIL) imposed 1.5 million EUR for this and, in view of the rectification during the proceedings, refrained from issuing an order; it found an infringement of data minimisation in the recording of customer calls but did not sanction it.
Cookie settings must apply across all domains of a service – including when users move to affiliated sites.
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Art. 82 Loi Informatique et Libertés (Geldbuße); Verstoß gegen Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. c DSGVO (Gesprächsaufzeichnungen) festgestellt, aber nicht sanktioniert
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Mitigating circumstances
- Corrections during the proceedings, cooperation.
- CNIL, Délibération SAN-2025-011 du 27 novembre 2025 (Légifrance) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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27 Nov 2025 Infobel SAInfobel: data broker sold consumer data for direct marketing without legal basis €5,000
The address broker (formerly Kapitol) had passed on the complainant’s data via a media agency to an advertiser for direct marketing without being able to demonstrate valid consent. The Autorité de protection des données (Belgian Data Protection Authority, APD) imposed 40,000 EUR and ordered erasure and information of the recipients; on 3 June 2026 the Cour des marchés (Brussels Market Court) set aside these parts and itself set the fine at 5,000 EUR.
Data brokers must be able to prove for every record on which legal basis it was collected and resold.
- Authority / court
- Autorité de protection des données (APD/GBA) – Chambre Contentieuse; Cour des marchés
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 24
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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26 Nov 2025 Starbucks CorporationStarbucks: order over inadequate oversight of audit provider in Korea Order
Starbucks Corporation had suppliers in Korea audited under its Ethical Sourcing Program by Elevate Hong Kong Holdings Limited, did not conclude a processing contract containing all statutory terms and did not supervise the provider adequately; Elevate processed unnecessarily large amounts of data on supplier employees, such as personnel files, wage and working-time records, and transferred them out of the businesses. The authority ordered Starbucks to award such work only under a written contract with all mandatory terms and to train and supervise the provider, and recommended data minimisation; a separate order was issued against Elevate.
Supply chain audits process personal data too – the commissioning company needs a complete processing contract and must check that the audit provider collects no more than necessary.
Data processing in supplier audits
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법) Art. 26(1) und (4)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Food and agriculture
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 27 Nov 2025
- PIPC, 심의·의결서 제2025-024-301호 (Starbucks Corporation), 26.11.2025 Decision of an authority
- PIPC, Entscheidungsdatenbank (위원회 결정문), Eintrag 2023조일0035 등 3건 Enforcement database of an authority
- PIPC-Pressemitteilung vom 27.11.2025: 개인정보를 과다 수집‧처리한 스타벅스 본사(미국), 엘리베이트(홍콩)에 시정명령 Press release of an authority
- PIPC press release (English), 03.12.2025: The PIPC Issues Correction Orders on Starbucks and Elevate Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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24 Nov 2025 SIA "EUROPARK LATVIA"Europark Latvia pays 25,000 EUR for payment reminders sent to outdated addresses €25,000
Following several complaints, the Datu valsts inspekcija (Latvian Data State Inspectorate, DVI) examined how the parking operator collects contractual penalties: invoices were sent to previous rather than current registered addresses, claims were handed over to debt collection services and entered in the database of Kredītinformācijas Birojs. The authority found breaches of the principles of lawfulness, data minimisation and confidentiality and of the accountability obligation and imposed 25,000 EUR (previous year’s turnover according to the decision: 8,323,178 EUR).
Anyone collecting debts or reporting them to credit agencies must first ensure that address data are up to date.
Data quality in receivables management
- Authority / court
- Datu valsts inspekcija (DVI)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, c, f und Abs. 2, Art. 83 Abs. 5 lit. a DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Culpability
- intentional
- Mitigating circumstances
- Practice changed after the proceedings began; contracts concluded with the population and vehicle registers (PMLP, CSDD)
- DVI Lēmums Nr. 01630000100425-3 Par soda piemērošanu (SIA „EUROPARK LATVIA“), 24.11.2025 Decision of an authority
- Datu valsts inspekcija – Lēmumi (Liste der veröffentlichten Entscheidungen) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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21 Nov 2025 Jam City, Inc.Jam City: 1.4 million USD in California over missing opt-outs in 21 gaming apps €1.22m
On a complaint by the California Attorney General, the Superior Court in Los Angeles entered a stipulated judgment against the mobile game developer Jam City. According to the investigation, none of Jam City's 21 apps offered a way, as required by the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), to opt out of the sale or sharing of personal data for personalised advertising, and some games passed on data of teenagers aged between 13 and 16 without their affirmative consent. Jam City pays 1,400,000 USD, must offer opt-out options within the apps, may only sell or share data of under-16s on an opt-in basis and must instruct recipients to delete such data. The authority allegedly made the findings set out here; this account is not based on a final judgment.
A business that shares data for advertising through apps must enable the opt-out where the data is collected – directly in the app.
Right to opt out of data sales in apps; protecting minors in advertising tracking
- Authority / court
- Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, auf Klage des Attorney General of California (California Department of Justice)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.100 ff.; Zahlung nach Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.199.90
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Published
- 21 Nov 2025
Original amount 1,400,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 21 Nov 2025.
- People v. Jam City, Inc., Case No. 25STCV34029, Superior Court Los Angeles, Final Judgment and Permanent Injunction (21.11.2025) Court decision
- California DOJ, Pressemitteilung: Attorney General Bonta Secures $1.4 Million Settlement with Mobile App Gaming Company (21.11.2025) Press release of an authority
- California DOJ: Privacy Enforcement Actions (Übersicht) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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21 Nov 2025 IDCQ Hospitales y Sanidad, S.L.U.AEPD: €1.2m fine for hospital operator IDCQ over disposed patient scans €1.2m
A hospital of the group had removed from its archive earlier MRI scans that a patient had brought in for comparison once an internal collection period had expired, so that they were no longer available. The AEPD imposed 100,000 EUR each for processing health data without a legal basis (Art. 9 and Art. 6) and 1,000,000 EUR for lack of data protection by design in the procedure (Art. 25), 1,200,000 EUR in total.
Documents handed over by patients are health data and must not be destroyed under internal clear-out deadlines.
Handling health records handed over by patients
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 6, 9, 25 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Published
- 20 Mar 2026
- AEPD, Resolución PS/00288/2024 (EXP202402851), IDCQ Hospitales y Sanidad Decision of an authority
- BOE: Resolución de 4 de marzo de 2026 der AEPD, Sanktionen über 1 Mio. Euro Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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20 Nov 2025 LastPass UK LtdICO: £1.2 million against LastPass UK after breach of backup database €1.39m
In 2022, an attacker first compromised an employee's company laptop and then the personal laptop of a senior employee, whose master password he captured using a keylogger. Because the personal and business password vaults were linked via the same master password, he obtained the access and decryption keys stored there and stole data on up to 1.6 million UK users from the backup database. According to the annual accounts filed with the UK companies register for financial year 2025, the company had around 35 employees.
Never keep critical keys on employees' personal devices or in their personal accounts – access must be technically separated and restricted.
Separation of personal and work devices and credentials
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- UK GDPR Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. f
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Employees
- Under 50
- Culpability
- negligent
- Published
- 11 Dec 2025
Original amount 1,228,283 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 20 Nov 2025.
- Password manager provider fined £1.2m by ICO for data breach Press release of an authority
- ICO Enforcement: LastPass UK Ltd Enforcement database of an authority
- Companies House: Registereintrag LastPass UK Ltd (13720418) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 3 · Direct link
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20 Nov 2025 Les Publications Condé NastCNIL: 750,000 EUR against Vanity Fair publisher Condé Nast over cookies without consent €750,000
On vanityfair.fr, cookies requiring consent were set before any interaction with the banner, trackers were labelled as ‘strictly necessary’ and cookies continued to be placed even after ‘Reject all’. Following a complaint by noyb, the publisher had already received a formal notice in 2021; follow-up inspections in 2023 and 2025 by the French data protection authority (CNIL) showed continuing infringements.
A cookie banner must technically deliver what it promises: after ‘Reject’, no further trackers may be set – and this should be tested regularly.
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Art. 82 Loi Informatique et Libertés
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Repeat case
- yes
- Published
- 27 Nov 2025
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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18 Nov 2025 Callcenter mit Tätigkeitsschwerpunkt im Energiesektor (anonymisiert)BNetzA: €104,400 fine on call centre that posed as the customer's energy supplier €104,400
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined a call centre focused on energy marketing 104,400 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. Callers frequently posed falsely as the local energy provider or as the person's own supplier and tried to disguise the promotional nature of the calls.
Call centres need verifiable consent for every number they dial and must honour requests to stop calling immediately.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- BNetzA: Bußgelder Unerlaubte Telefonwerbung (laufende Liste mit Einzelmeldungen) Enforcement database of an authority
- BNetzA-Pressemitteilung 26.01.2026: Erneuter Anstieg der Beschwerdezahlen (Bußgelder 2025) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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14 Nov 2025 Betreiber elektronischer Kommunikationsnetze und -dienste (in der Mitteilung nicht namentlich genannt)Croatian telecoms provider: 4.5 million EUR – customer data sent to Serbia without clauses €4.5m
The telecommunications provider allowed a software service provider belonging to the group in Serbia to access the entire SAP CRM customer database with administrator rights, from the end of 2022 without standard contractual clauses and without clear information to customers. The Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (Croatian Personal Data Protection Agency, AZOP) also sanctioned the copying of employees’ identity cards and criminal records certificates and the failure to vet a telemarketing service provider; 4.5 million EUR in total.
Expiring or never-renewed standard contractual clauses with group companies only come to light during an inspection – transfer agreements need a deadline register.
- Authority / court
- Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (AZOP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · International data transfers
- Legal basis
- Art. 44, 46, 12 Abs. 1, 13 Abs. 1 lit. f, 5, 6 Abs. 1, 28 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 14 Nov 2025
- AZOP: Administrative Fine of EUR 4.5 Million Imposed on a Telecommunications Operator (14.11.2025) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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13 Nov 2025 Werbendes Unternehmen aus dem Energiesektor (anonymisiert)BNetzA: €130,000 fine on energy company over sales calls with withheld numbers €130,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) imposed fines totalling 130,000 EUR on an energy company for its sales calls: 105,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising to consumers and 25,000 EUR for withholding caller numbers on sales calls. Callers frequently concealed their identity, so that people called were often signed up to contracts they had not wanted; the company has appealed.
Withholding the caller number or disguising one's identity on sales calls risks additional fines on top of the ban on unsolicited calls.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern; Verbot der Rufnummernunterdrückung bei Werbeanrufen
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- BNetzA: Bußgelder Unerlaubte Telefonwerbung (laufende Liste mit Einzelmeldungen) Enforcement database of an authority
- BNetzA-Pressemitteilung 26.01.2026: Erneuter Anstieg der Beschwerdezahlen (Bußgelder 2025) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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13 Nov 2025 Blouberg Local MunicipalityInformation Regulator: ZAR 500,000 against Blouberg municipality over personnel data online €25,309
The municipality had processed personal information of a former employee which was exposed on the internet; the Information Regulator treated this as a gross violation of privacy and issued an enforcement notice. Because the municipality did not implement the corrective instructions, an administrative fine of ZAR 500,000 followed; as it did not pay, the Regulator has initiated court proceedings to recover the amount.
Personnel data remains protected after employees leave; ignoring regulatory orders risks a heavy fine and recovery proceedings.
Protecting personnel data of former employees
- Authority / court
- Information Regulator (South Africa)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA); Enforcement Notice und Infringement Notice
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 13 Nov 2025
Original amount 500,000 ZAR, converted at the ECB reference rate of 13 Nov 2025.
- Information Regulator: Media briefing – high-level cases on POPIA and PAIA (13.11.2025) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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13 Nov 2025 Lancet LaboratoriesInformation Regulator: ZAR 100,000 against Lancet Laboratories over unreported data breaches €5,062
An assessment following several security compromises found that the laboratory company had notified neither the Information Regulator nor the affected data subjects. After an enforcement notice that it failed to comply with, it received an infringement notice with an administrative fine of ZAR 100,000, which has since been paid.
Data breaches must be reported both to the regulator and to the data subjects; failing to report several incidents triggers an assessment and sanctions.
Notifying data breaches to the regulator and data subjects
- Authority / court
- Information Regulator (South Africa)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA), s. 22
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Published
- 13 Nov 2025
Original amount 100,000 ZAR, converted at the ECB reference rate of 13 Nov 2025.
- Information Regulator: Media briefing – high-level cases on POPIA and PAIA (13.11.2025) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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6 Nov 2025 AENA, S.M.E., S.A.AEPD: €10m fine for AENA over airport facial recognition without a valid DPIA €10m
The airport operator AENA used a biometric facial recognition system for access, transit and boarding at several airports without presenting a data protection impact assessment meeting the legal requirements. The AEPD imposed 10,043,002 EUR for breaching Art. 35 GDPR and confirmed the provisional suspension of all biometric processing until a proper impact assessment is in place.
Anyone introducing biometric identification needs a sound impact assessment beforehand that genuinely tests necessity and proportionality.
Data protection impact assessment before introducing biometric systems
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 35 DSGVO (Art. 83 Abs. 4 lit. a DSGVO)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Employees
- 1,000 to 9,999
- Published
- 20 Mar 2026
- AEPD, Resolución PS/00431/2024 (EXP202304532), AENA Decision of an authority
- BOE: Resolución de 4 de marzo de 2026 der AEPD, Sanktionen über 1 Mio. Euro Official register or notice
- AEPD, Memoria 2025 (Tabelle der 2025 unterzeichneten Bußgelder über 1 Mio. Euro) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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6 Nov 2025 Lead Pronto LtdICO: £30,000 fine for Lead Pronto over marketing texts about boiler grants €34,064
The ICO fined Lead Pronto Ltd £30,000 and issued an enforcement notice. The ICO found that the company had sent unsolicited text messages promoting government-funded boiler grants. The ICO found a serious breach of regulation 22 of PECR (electronic marketing without consent).
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 30,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 6 Nov 2025.
- ICO Enforcement: Lead Pronto Ltd (MPN). Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: Lead Pronto Ltd (6 November 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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31 Oct 2025 Google LLCTexas: Google pays $1.375 billion over location, incognito and biometric data €1.19bn
Texas, represented by the Office of the Attorney General, had sued Google for unlawfully collecting location data, activity in incognito mode and biometric identifiers. Google signed a settlement of $1.375 billion, concluding two sets of proceedings.
Settings such as location history or incognito mode must deliver what they promise users – otherwise billion-dollar risks loom, even at the level of individual US states.
- Authority / court
- Office of the Attorney General of Texas
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 31 Oct 2025
Original amount 1,375,000,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 31 Oct 2025.
- Attorney General Ken Paxton Finalizes Historic Settlement with Google and Secures $1.375 Billion Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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31 Oct 2025 Air Sino-Euro Associates Travel Pte. Ltd.Air Sino-Euro: 47,000 SGD – no data protection officer, no internal rules, data leak €31,252
After a cyberattack on the travel agency became public in December 2023, data on 336,759 individuals in its booking system was affected, in some cases including full images of identity cards, passports and birth certificates; part of the data was exfiltrated. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) found negligent breaches of the Accountability Obligation – a data protection officer appointed only in April 2024, and apart from the customer-facing privacy policy no internal policies, no complaints process and no information to staff – and of the Protection Obligation, because there were no contracts with the IT vendors covering security tasks, no security reviews and no multi-factor authentication, and the server was still running the unsupported Windows Server 2012. It imposed 47,000 SGD, rejected objections based on COVID-19 losses and comparable cases, and directed among other things policies, security clauses in vendor contracts and a penetration test by a provider licensed by the Cyber Security Agency (CSA).
An outward-facing privacy policy is no substitute for a designated data protection officer or for internal rules that staff know and that apply in day-to-day work.
Internal data protection policies, communicating them to staff, and password rules
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Sections 11(3) und 12 PDPA 2012 (Accountability Obligation); Section 24 PDPA (Protection Obligation); Section 48J(1)(a) PDPA (Financial Penalty); Section 48I PDPA (Directions)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Voluntary early admission of the breaches (treated as significantly mitigating) and prompt, effective remediation.
- Published
- 8 Jan 2026
Original amount 47,000 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 31 Oct 2025.
- PDPC – Enforcement Decisions: Breach of the Accountability and Protection Obligations by Air Sino-Euro Associates Travel Pte Ltd (veröffentlicht 08.01.2026) Enforcement database of an authority
- PDPC – Decision [2025] SGPDPC [5], Air Sino-Euro Associates Travel Pte. Ltd., Case No. DP-2312-C1857 (31.10.2025), PDF Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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28 Oct 2025 Marina Bay Sands Pte. Ltd.Marina Bay Sands: 315,000 SGD after configuration error in middleware migration €208,955
When API configurations were manually transferred to a new middleware platform (September 2022 to March 2023), a single employee in sole charge omitted an app identifier, so token verification did not apply to the web page of the ArtScience Friends museum programme for at least six months; an attacker exploited this in October 2023 and retrieved data on 665,495 members of the Sands Rewards Lifestyle loyalty programme, which was then offered for sale on the dark web. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) held that the resort had negligently breached the Protection Obligation by relying on this one employee without independent checks or automation. It reduced the provisionally intended 450,000 SGD to 315,000 SGD after the company's representations; no directions were issued because remediation had already been carried out.
Security-critical configuration steps when migrating large data sets must not depend on a single person without independent checks or automation.
Human error in manual IT changes: four-eyes principle and automation
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Section 24 Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (Protection Obligation); Section 48J PDPA (Financial Penalty)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Culpability
- negligent
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- Otherwise adequate security arrangements, containment on the day of discovery, admission under the Expedited Decision Procedure, cooperation and voluntary notification of all affected individuals.
- Published
- 28 Oct 2025
Original amount 315,000 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 28 Oct 2025.
- PDPC – Enforcement Decisions: Breach of the Protection Obligation by Marina Bay Sands Pte Ltd (veröffentlicht 28.10.2025) Enforcement database of an authority
- PDPC – Decision [2025] SGPDPC 6, Marina Bay Sands Pte. Ltd., Case No. DP-2310-C1622 (28.10.2025), PDF Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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23 Oct 2025 Aktia Pankki OyjAktia: 865,000 EUR – other people’s data visible in OmaKanta and OmaKela via bank login €865,000
Following a technical change to the bank’s strong electronic identification service, a disruption lasting around one hour occurred in January 2023 during which customers logging in with Aktia credentials to services such as OmaKanta, OmaKela, unemployment funds, insurers and healthcare providers saw data of other persons; around 350 people were affected. The sanctions board of the Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto (Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman) criticised the deficient planning, implementation and testing of the change and imposed 865,000 EUR in addition to a reprimand.
Changes to identification services have effects far beyond one’s own organisation – testing and release processes must reflect this.
- Authority / court
- Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto – seuraamuskollegio (Datenschutzbeauftragter, Sanktionsgremium)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 25, Art. 32
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 28 Oct 2025
- Finlex – Tietosuojavaltuutettu 23.10.2025 (pankin tunnistamispalvelun muutosprosessi) Decision of an authority
- Tietosuojavaltuutettu – Aktialle seuraamusmaksu tietoturvapuutteista vahvan sähköisen tunnistamisen palvelussa (28.10.2025) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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23 Oct 2025 Comune di CurtaroloMunicipality of Curtarolo: 15,000 EUR for video surveillance of streets and employees €15,000
The municipality in the province of Padua monitored public streets and work areas without a sound legal basis, without adequate information and without a data protection impact assessment; recordings were used for disciplinary purposes, and an employee was secretly filmed while on sick leave. Italy's data protection authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) imposed a fine of 15,000 EUR (5,000 EUR for public surveillance, 10,000 EUR for workplace surveillance).
Do not repurpose video recordings for disciplinary proceedings; specific employment law protections apply to employees.
Purpose limitation in video surveillance and employee data
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5, 6, 12, 13, 35, 88
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Public sector
- Provvedimento del 23 ottobre 2025 [10196164] Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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22 Oct 2025 Incruit CorporationIncruit: 463 million KRW after repeat data leak affecting 7.3 million job seekers €278,912
In January 2025 attackers infected the work computer of an employee of the online job portal Incruit with malware, took over the employee’s database access and, until February 2025, extracted data on all 7,275,843 members and 54,475 stored CVs, cover letters and copies of certificates (438 GB in total). Despite conspicuous database access outside business hours, the company only noticed the leak through an extortion message; it had already been sanctioned in July 2023 for inadequate access controls. The authority imposed a penalty surcharge of 463,000,000 KRW and ordered the appointment of a qualified chief privacy officer and a plan to prevent further incidents and support those affected.
Anyone who makes only piecemeal fixes after a first incident risks a higher penalty – database access outside business hours must trigger an alert.
Malware on workstations and detection of unusual access
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법) Art. 29; Sanktion nach Art. 64-2(1) Nr. 9
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Repeat case
- yes
- Mitigating circumstances
- Reduction of 55% because no benefit was derived and the company is a medium-sized enterprise under the Korean Framework Act on Small and Medium Enterprises, and a further 20% for cooperation, remediation and self-regulation; increase of 65% because the infringement lasted more than two years and because of the July 2023 sanction.
- Liability of senior managers
- The company was ordered to appoint a new, qualified chief privacy officer (CPO) and to define the CPO’s responsibility clearly.
- Published
- 23 Oct 2025
Original amount 463,000,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 22 Oct 2025.
- PIPC, 심의·의결서 제2025-022-256호 (인크루트(주)), 22.10.2025 Decision of an authority
- PIPC, Entscheidungsdatenbank (위원회 결정문), Eintrag 2025조이0034 Enforcement database of an authority
- PIPC-Pressemitteilung vom 23.10.2025: 취업 준비생 개인정보를 유출한 인크루트에 과징금 4.6억원 부과 Press release of an authority
- PIPC press release (English), 24.10.2025: The PIPC Sanctions Incruit over Data Breach Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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17 Oct 2025 Vinomofo Pty LtdVinomofo: privacy breach after unauthorised data access during a data migration Order
In 2022, during a large data migration project, the online wine retailer suffered unauthorised access to a database holding data on around 928,760 customers and members (identity, contact and financial information). The Privacy Commissioner found that Vinomofo had not taken reasonable steps to protect the data, although it had been aware of deficiencies in its security governance at least two years before the incident, and ordered it not to repeat these practices, together with specified remedial steps.
Data migrations to the cloud need their own security concept, and known weaknesses in security governance must not be put off.
Data security in migration projects and cloud services; privacy culture and training
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- APP 11.1 (Privacy Act 1988 (Cth))
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Published
- 29 Oct 2025
- OAIC: Vinomofo did not protect personal information from security risks, Privacy Commissioner finds (29 October 2025) Press release of an authority
- OAIC: Privacy determinations – Commissioner Initiated Investigation into Vinomofo Pty Ltd (Privacy) [2025] AICmr 175 (17 October 2025) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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16 Oct 2025 Experian Nederland B.V.AP: €2.7m fine for Experian Nederland over credit data processed without legal basis €2.7m
For its Credit Check service, offered until the end of 2024, Experian Nederland B.V. processed data on consumers' creditworthiness without being able to rely validly on legitimate interest, and did not inform the individuals concerned sufficiently. In the objection procedure the AP (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Dutch data protection authority) revoked its original fining decision of 6 December 2023 and set a new fine of 2,700,000 EUR; Experian admitted both infringements.
Anyone collecting credit data on people they have never contacted directly must properly substantiate their legitimate interest and actively inform those concerned.
Legitimate interest and information duties at credit reference agencies
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a i. V. m. Art. 6 Abs. 1 sowie Art. 12 Abs. 1 i. V. m. Art. 14 Abs. 1 und 2 DSGVO (AVG)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 17 Oct 2025
- AP – Beslissing op bezwaar Experian (Dokumentseite) Decision of an authority
- AP – Beslissing op bezwaar Experian Nederland B.V., 16 oktober 2025 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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15 Oct 2025 Capita plc und Capita Pension Solutions LimitedICO: £14 million against Capita after ransomware attack affecting 6.6 million people €16.1m
In March 2023, an employee unintentionally downloaded malicious files; although an alert was triggered after ten minutes, the device was only isolated after 58 hours. Attackers stole around one terabyte of data on 6.6 million people (including pension data and criminal record information). Fines imposed by the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO): £8 million against Capita plc and £6 million against Capita Pension Solutions.
Security alerts need binding response times and an adequately staffed SOC – known vulnerabilities must be remedied across the group.
Handling malicious downloads and security alerts
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- UK GDPR Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Other
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- £45 million had provisionally been proposed; reduced, among other things, for security improvements, credit monitoring for those affected and cooperation with authorities and the NCSC.
- Published
- 15 Oct 2025
Original amount 14,000,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 15 Oct 2025.
- Capita fined £14m for data breach affecting over 6m people Press release of an authority
- ICO Enforcement: Capita plc Enforcement database of an authority
- ICO Monetary Penalty Notice: Capita plc and Capita Pension Solutions Limited Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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13 Oct 2025 Sport & Spa Gest, S.L.AEPD: 17,600 EUR against sports centre over location tags for swimmers €17,600
The operator of a sports facility rented a Bluetooth system with which swimmers were located in the pool via tags and their training was recorded. The Spanish data protection authority (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, AEPD) imposed 8,000 EUR for the processing of special categories of data and – after a 20% reduction for immediate payment – 4,000, 2,400 and 3,200 EUR for lack of a legal basis, insufficient information and a deficient impact assessment (17,600 EUR in total); the request for reconsideration was unsuccessful.
New tracking or sensor technology in customer-facing operations requires a legal basis, information and a genuine impact assessment in advance.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 9 Abs. 1, Art. 13, Art. 35 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Mitigating circumstances
- Partial immediate payment (20% reduction under Art. 85 LPACAP).
- AEPD Resolución PS/00160/2024 (EXP202308414) Decision of an authority
- AEPD Resolución recurso de reposición PS/00160/2024 (Datum der Ausgangsentscheidung 13.10.2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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13 Oct 2025 Nura OÜNura OÜ must hand over scan files of their treatment to two patients Order
Despite access requests, two patients did not receive copies of their scan files at the end of treatment; the practice responded only sluggishly to enquiries and did not attend an appointment with the supervisory authority. The Andmekaitse Inspektsioon (Estonian Data Protection Inspectorate, AKI) ordered disclosure under Art. 15(3) GDPR or a reasoned refusal and threatened a penalty payment of 2,000 EUR.
Access requests concerning health data require a fixed procedure with deadlines – in small practices too.
Handling access requests from patients
- Authority / court
- Andmekaitse Inspektsioon (AKI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- § 56 Abs. 1 IKS; Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. c, Art. 12 Abs. 4, Art. 15 DSGVO
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Ettekirjutus-hoiatus nr 2.1-1/25/737-1585-20 (Nura OÜ), 13.10.2025 Decision of an authority
- Andmekaitse Inspektsioon – veröffentlichte Ettekirjutused (Liste) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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9 Oct 2025 South Wales PoliceICO: enforcement notice against South Wales Police over subject access backlog Order
The ICO issued an enforcement notice to South Wales Police over serious delays in handling subject access requests. The ICO found that from April 2023 to March 2024 the force answered only 29% of requests on time; in August 2025, 352 requests were overdue, one of them by almost two years. The ICO ordered the force to clear the backlog by June 2026. The legal basis is Articles 12(3), 15(1) and 15(3) UK GDPR and section 45 of the Data Protection Act 2018. According to the notice, the force employs almost 3,000 police officers and over 2,200 other staff.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 15(3) UK GDPR; section 45 DPA 2018; section 149 DPA 2018
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Employees
- 1,000 to 9,999
- ICO Enforcement: South Wales Police. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Enforcement Notice: South Wales Police (9 October 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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8 Oct 2025 Australian Clinical Labs LimitedAustralian Clinical Labs: 5.8 million AUD civil penalty after Medlab Pathology data breach €3.28m
On the application of the Australian Information Commissioner, the Federal Court of Australia imposed the first civil penalties under the Privacy Act 1988: Australian Clinical Labs (ACL) had failed to adequately protect the personal information held on the IT systems of its Medlab Pathology business; in a cyberattack in February 2022, data of more than 223,000 people was taken from those systems. The penalty of 5.8 million AUD in total comprises 4.2 million AUD for the inadequate security measures (APP 11.1), 800,000 AUD because ACL did not assess reasonably and promptly whether a notifiable data breach had occurred, and 800,000 AUD for the late notification to the Commissioner. ACL admitted the contraventions; liability and the penalty were allegedly based on joint submissions by the parties.
When a business unit's IT systems are integrated into an organisation's own environment, they must be adequately protected from the outset, and attacks must be promptly assessed for a notification duty.
Securing integrated IT systems, assessing and notifying data breaches promptly
- Authority / court
- Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) s 13G(a) i. V. m. APP 11.1; s 26WH(2); s 26WK(2)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Cooperation with the investigation, an ongoing programme to uplift cyber security, apologies and admission of liability.
- Liability of senior managers
- The court found that the most senior management was involved in the decisions on integrating the Medlab systems and on assessing the attack.
- Published
- 9 Oct 2025
Original amount 5,800,000 AUD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 8 Oct 2025.
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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6 Oct 2025 Zu Disain OÜZu Disain must delete personal data collected from the land register by script Order
The company had used an automated script to carry out mass queries in the electronic land register and stored data of natural persons without demonstrating a legal basis; it did not respond to requests from the supervisory authority. The Andmekaitse Inspektsioon (Estonian Data Protection Inspectorate, AKI) ordered erasure with proof or a statement of a legal basis with a balancing of interests; a penalty payment of 2,000 EUR was threatened.
Publicly accessible register data remain personal data – automated scraping requires its own legal basis.
Public registers are no licence for data collection
- Authority / court
- Andmekaitse Inspektsioon (AKI)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- § 56 Abs. 1 IKS; Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d, Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 6 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Ettekirjutus-hoiatus nr 2.1.-4/25/1239-2660-6 (Zu Disain OÜ), 06.10.2025 Decision of an authority
- Andmekaitse Inspektsioon – veröffentlichte Ettekirjutused (Liste) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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30 Sep 2025 Unternehmen der Finanzwirtschaft (anonymisiert)HmbBfDI: €492,000 over opaque automated rejection of credit card applications €492,000
A financial services company had rejected several customers' credit card applications by automated means without human involvement despite good creditworthiness, and when asked it did not adequately provide the legally required information and access about the decision. The HmbBfDI (Hamburg data protection authority) imposed 492,000 EUR; substantial process improvements and cooperation were given considerable weight in mitigation, and the company accepted the decision.
Anyone who rejects applications by automated means must be able to show the people affected, on request and in understandable terms, why the decision was taken and what logic it followed.
Transparency in automated decision-making
- Authority / court
- Hamburgischer Beauftragter für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit (HmbBfDI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO – Informations- und Auskunftspflichten bei automatisierten Entscheidungen im Einzelfall
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Mitigating circumstances
- Substantial improvement of the process for data subject rights in automated decisions; full cooperation with the authority.
- Published
- 30 Sep 2025
- HmbBfDI 30.09.2025: Zwischenbilanz 2025 – Bußgelder von insgesamt 775.000 Euro Press release of an authority
- HmbBfDI-Pressemitteilung 30.09.2025 (PDF) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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30 Sep 2025 HmbBfDI: 195,000 EUR against retailer over ignored data subject requests €195,000
A retail company (name not published) had advertising letters sent via service providers and, in several cases, failed for an extended period to respond in time to the data subject rights that recipients then asserted. The Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (HmbBfDI) imposed a fine of 195,000 EUR; the measure was published in the interim report of 30 September 2025 (exact date of the decision not stated).
Companies that send advertising must have a working process for access and objection requests – even if the mailing is outsourced.
Timely handling of access requests
- Authority / court
- Hamburgischer Beauftragter für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit (HmbBfDI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO (Betroffenenrechte)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Published
- 30 Sep 2025
- Zwischenbilanz 2025: HmbBfDI verhängt Bußgelder von insgesamt 775.000 Euro Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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26 Sep 2025 Tractor Supply CompanyCPPA: $1.35 million against Tractor Supply over missing opt-out mechanisms €1.16m
The rural retail giant inadequately informed consumers and job applicants about their rights, offered no effective means of opting out of the sale and sharing of data (including no Global Privacy Control) and passed data on to third parties without the required contracts. An officer must certify compliance annually for four years, as required by the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA).
Privacy notices must also cover job applicants, and browser opt-out signals such as GPC must be implemented technically.
- Authority / court
- California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 30 Sep 2025
Original amount 1,350,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Sep 2025.
- CPPA: Tractor Supply Company enforcement decision Press release of an authority
- CPPA Order of Decision and Stipulated Final Order: Tractor Supply Company (ENF24-M-TR-04) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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23 Sep 2025 TikTok Pte. Ltd.Canadian regulators: TikTok inadequately protected children's data Other
The joint investigation by the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada and the supervisory authorities of Québec, British Columbia and Alberta found that every year hundreds of thousands of children used the platform despite the minimum age of 13, and that TikTok processed data without valid consent, including for profiling and advertising. TikTok undertook to improve age verification and make privacy notices easier to understand, and already during the investigation largely stopped targeted advertising to under-18s (except by broad categories such as language and approximate location).
Age limits in the terms of use are not enough – platforms need effective age verification and child-appropriate transparency.
- Authority / court
- Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada gemeinsam mit den Aufsichten von Québec, British Columbia und Alberta
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- PIPEDA und Datenschutzgesetze für den Privatsektor von Québec, British Columbia und Alberta
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 23 Sep 2025
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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18 Sep 2025 Samaritaine SASCNIL: €100,000 fine for Samaritaine over hidden cameras in stockrooms €100,000
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined Samaritaine SAS, operator of the Paris department store of the same name, EUR 100,000 because in August 2023, in response to thefts of goods, it had installed cameras disguised as smoke detectors and capable of recording sound in two stockrooms, which employees discovered a few weeks later. The CNIL objected to the lack of any prior assessment and documentation of the covert deployment, intended to be only temporary, the excessive recording of employees' conversations, the late involvement of the data protection officer, and the failure to notify and document a personal data breach after employees kept the memory cards containing the recordings when the cameras were removed (Art. 33(1) and (5) GDPR).
Covert cameras aimed at employees are permissible only exceptionally, for a limited period, documented and after involving the data protection officer; sound recording is generally disproportionate.
Covert video surveillance of employees
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 5 Abs. 2, Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. c, Art. 33 Abs. 1 und 5, Art. 38 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Employees
- 250 to 999
- Culpability
- negligent
- Published
- 23 Sep 2025
- CNIL: Caméras dissimulées : la CNIL sanctionne la SAMARITAINE (23.09.2025) Press release of an authority
- Délibération de la formation restreinte n° SAN-2025-008 du 18 septembre 2025 prononçant une sanction pécuniaire à l'encontre de la société SAMARITAINE SAS Decision of an authority
- CNIL: Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Liste, Stand 14.04.2026) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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17 Sep 2025 Servicios Financieros Carrefour, E.F.C., S.A.AEPD: €1.5m fine for Carrefour's financial arm after attack using stolen credentials €1.5m
In December 2023 an attacker used credentials leaked elsewhere to retrieve customer data, including partial payment method data, through a service of the financial services provider. The AEPD found a breach of Art. 5(1)(f) GDPR; the sanction of 2,500,000 EUR was reduced by 40% to 1,500,000 EUR because liability was acknowledged and payment made voluntarily.
Services holding financial data must be able to detect and fend off mass retrievals launched with third-party credentials.
Credential stuffing and protecting customer accounts
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Mitigating circumstances
- 40% reduction for acknowledgement of liability and voluntary payment (Art. 85 LPACAP).
- Published
- 19 Dec 2025
- AEPD, Resolución PS/00288/2025 (EXP202402154), Servicios Financieros Carrefour Decision of an authority
- BOE: Resolución de 10 de diciembre de 2025 der AEPD, Sanktionen über 1 Mio. Euro Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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12 Sep 2025 Specer sp. z o.o.Medical company Specer: CEO acting as data protection officer costs 11,365 PLN €2,669
For almost six years, the chair of the management board of the medical company was also its data protection officer; this came to light after a report that a patient had been handed documents relating to another person. Poland’s data protection authority (UODO) found a conflict of interest and imposed 11,365 PLN.
This also applies in small practices and companies: management cannot be its own data protection officer.
Role and independence of the data protection officer; release of patient records
- Authority / court
- Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych (UODO)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 38 Abs. 6 DSGVO (DKN.5131.7.2025)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Mitigating circumstances
- An independent external data protection officer was appointed in July 2024.
- Published
- 29 Sep 2025
Original amount 11,365 PLN, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Sep 2025.
- Prezes firmy nie może być jednocześnie IOD. Kara dla spółki Specer Press release of an authority
- Decyzja DKN.5131.7.2025 z 12 września 2025 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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8 Sep 2025 S-Pankki OyjS-Pankki: 1.8 million EUR over security flaw in bank identification service €1.8m
After a new login function was introduced in the S-mobiili app in April 2022, a vulnerability in the identification service made it possible until August 2022 to access online banking and services requiring strong authentication using other customers’ credentials; misuse caused financial losses. The bank had introduced the function without sufficient risk analysis and testing; the sanctions board of the Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto (Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman) imposed 1.8 million EUR in addition to a reprimand, with a previous reprimand acting as an aggravating factor.
Before launch, new functions in authentication services require a risk analysis of all user paths and targeted security testing.
- Authority / court
- Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto – seuraamuskollegio (Datenschutzbeauftragter, Sanktionsgremium)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 25 Abs. 1, Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 2
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Repeat case
- yes
- Mitigating circumstances
- The fine imposed by the financial supervisory authority (7.67 million EUR) for the same facts was taken into account (fine around one third of the amount that would otherwise have been imposed); according to the bank, it compensated customers for direct losses.
- Published
- 10 Sep 2025
- Finlex – Tietosuojavaltuutettu 8.9.2025, TSV/3606/2024 (pankin tunnistuspalvelu) Decision of an authority
- Tietosuojavaltuutettu – S-Pankille seuraamusmaksu S-mobiilin tietoturvahaavoittuvuudesta (10.09.2025) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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8 Sep 2025 SIA "ZZ Dats"IT service provider ZZ Dats pays 300,000 EUR after data leak as processor €300,000
Unknown persons accessed the system operator’s databases via several websites and obtained personal data. The Datu valsts inspekcija (Latvian Data State Inspectorate, DVI) initially imposed 400,000 EUR; in the objection procedure, the director set aside the allegation relating to the company’s role as controller because ZZ Dats was a processor, and set the fine at 300,000 EUR for insufficient security measures under Art. 32 GDPR. The company has brought an action.
Processors are also independently liable for the security of the systems they operate.
- Authority / court
- Datu valsts inspekcija (DVI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und d, Abs. 2, Art. 83 Abs. 4 lit. a DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- DVI – Zusammenfassung der Entscheidung zu SIA „ZZ Dats“ (08.09.2025) Decision of an authority
- Datu valsts inspekcija – Lēmumi (Liste der veröffentlichten Entscheidungen) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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4 Sep 2025 Einheitlicher Abwicklungsausschuss (Single Resolution Board, SRB)CJEU: pseudonymised data in disclosure to Deloitte – EDPS v SRB –
The Single Resolution Board (SRB) passed on pseudonymised comments from former Banco Popular shareholders to Deloitte without informing the data subjects; the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) considered this an infringement of the duty to inform. The Court of Justice of the European Union (Case C-413/23 P) set aside the judgment of the General Court and clarified that the duty to inform is to be assessed from the controller's perspective at the time of collection; the case was referred back to the General Court.
Pseudonymisation does not release the controller from informing data subjects about the recipients of their data.
- Authority / court
- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union, Rs. C-413/23 P
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Verordnung (EU) 2018/1725 (Informationspflicht)
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 4 Sep 2025
- Press Release No 107/25: Judgment of the Court in Case C-413/23 P EDPS v SRB Court press release
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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2 Sep 2025 IDdesign A/SIDdesign: High Court raises GDPR fine to 1.5 million DKK – group turnover counts €200,986
The furniture retailer had stored data of around 385,000 customers in a legacy system without retention periods. The district court had imposed 100,000 DKK; following a referral to the CJEU on whether the fine is to be calculated on the basis of the turnover of the entire group, the High Court increased the fine to 1.5 million DKK.
Retention periods also apply to legacy systems in individual branches – and the group turnover counts when setting the fine.
- Authority / court
- Vestre Landsret (auf Anzeige der Datatilsynet)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e, Art. 83
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
Original amount 1,500,000 DKK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 2 Sep 2025.
- Datatilsynet – Møbelfirma indstillet til bøde (Opdatering zum Verfahrensausgang) Press release of an authority
- Domsdatabasen – Vestre Landsret SS-364/2021-VLR, Dom 02.09.2025 Court decision
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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1 Sep 2025 Google LLC und Google Ireland LimitedGoogle: 325 million EUR – advertising cookies at account creation and ads in the Gmail inbox €325m
When creating a Google account, users were not sufficiently informed that advertising cookies were necessarily placed in the process; in addition, Google displayed advertisements between e-mails in Gmail without prior consent. The Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés (French data protection authority, CNIL) imposed 200 million EUR on Google LLC and 125 million EUR on Google Ireland and ordered remedial action within six months, subject to a penalty payment of 100,000 EUR per day.
Do not tacitly tie advertising cookies to account creation – and advertising in the inbox counts as direct marketing requiring consent.
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Art. 82 Loi Informatique et Libertés; Art. L. 34-5 Code des postes et des communications électroniques
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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1 Sep 2025 Infinite Styles Services Co. Limited (Shein)Shein: 150 million EUR – cookies without consent and despite rejection €150m
On shein.com, advertising cookies were placed without consent as soon as the site was accessed; in addition to an incomplete cookie banner, there was an advertising pop-up without an option to reject. After clicking ‘Reject all’ or withdrawing consent, cookies continued to be read. The Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés (French data protection authority, CNIL) imposed 150 million EUR.
A cookie banner must work technically: rejecting and withdrawing consent must actually stop cookies from being placed and read.
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Art. 82 Loi Informatique et Libertés (Umsetzung von Art. 5 Abs. 3 ePrivacy-Richtlinie)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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28 Aug 2025 Home Improvement Marketing LtdICO: £300,000 fine for Home Improvement Marketing over 2.4 million automated calls €347,343
The ICO fined Home Improvement Marketing Ltd £300,000 and issued an enforcement notice. After executing a search warrant in March 2024, it found that between 31 May and 31 August 2023 the company had instigated 2,449,380 automated marketing calls without prior consent; 274 complaints were received. According to the ICO, the software responded to recipients' answers and offered no way to opt out of further calls. The legal basis is regulations 19 and 24 of PECR.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 19 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
Original amount 300,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 28 Aug 2025.
- ICO Enforcement: Home Improvement Marketing Ltd (MPN). Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: Home Improvement Marketing Ltd (28 August 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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28 Aug 2025 Green Spark Energy LtdICO: £250,000 fine for Green Spark Energy over 9.6 million automated marketing calls €289,452
The ICO fined Green Spark Energy Ltd £250,000 and issued an enforcement notice. After executing a search warrant in March 2024, the regulator found that from May 2023 to May 2024 the company had instigated 9,587,050 automated calls carrying recorded marketing messages; 497 complaints were received. According to the ICO, the recordings contained misleading statements designed to pressure homeowners, for example about supposed risks of their existing loft insulation. The legal basis is regulations 19 and 24 of PECR.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 19 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
Original amount 250,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 28 Aug 2025.
- ICO Enforcement: Green Spark Energy Ltd (MPN). Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: Green Spark Energy Ltd (28 August 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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27 Aug 2025 SK Telecom Co., Ltd.SK Telecom: 134.8 billion KRW after leak of USIM data on around 23 million customers €83.2m
Attackers who had planted malware in systems of SK Telecom Co., Ltd. since August 2021 took 9.82 GB of data on around 23 million subscribers from the home subscriber server in April 2025, including USIM authentication keys and IMSI. The authority found a lack of network segregation and access controls, authentication data not securely encrypted, missing security updates, an inadequate set-up of the chief privacy officer function and late notification of those affected. It imposed a penalty surcharge of 134,791,000,000 KRW and an administrative fine of 9,600,000 KRW (134,800,600,000 KRW in total) and issued orders on security, governance and oversight of service providers and sales partners.
Core mobile network systems belong in the protection and certification scheme – leaving them out means overlooking attackers who have been embedded for years.
Undetected malware in core systems
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법) Art. 29, Art. 31(1) und (3), Art. 34(1); Sanktion nach Art. 64-2(1) Nr. 9
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Repeat case
- yes
- Mitigating circumstances
- Reduction of 30% because no benefit was derived and a further 50% for completed remediation, compensation of those affected and protective efforts; increase of 50% because the infringement lasted more than two years. Cooperation was not taken into account because documents were submitted late.
- Liability of senior managers
- There was no chief privacy officer (CPO) with overall responsibility; the company was ordered to define the CPO’s responsibility and role clearly and to rebuild its governance.
- Published
- 28 Aug 2025
Original amount 134,800,600,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 27 Aug 2025.
- PIPC, 심의·의결서 제2025-018-243호 (에스케이텔레콤 주식회사), 27.08.2025 Decision of an authority
- PIPC, Entscheidungsdatenbank (위원회 결정문), Eintrag 2025조이0056 Enforcement database of an authority
- PIPC-Pressemitteilung vom 28.08.2025: ‘SK텔레콤 개인정보 유출사고’ 제재처분 의결 Press release of an authority
- PIPC press release (English), 03.09.2025: The PIPC Sanctions SKT over Data Breach Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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27 Aug 2025 Bristol City CouncilICO: enforcement notice against Bristol City Council over unanswered subject access requests Order
The ICO issued an enforcement notice to Bristol City Council because it found that the council had not responded to subject access requests as required by law. The notice relies on Articles 12(3), 15(1) and 15(3) UK GDPR and examines, among other things, the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2024.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 15(3) UK GDPR; section 149 DPA 2018
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO Enforcement: Bristol City Council. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Enforcement Notice: Bristol City Council (27 August 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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26 Aug 2025 Kmart Australia LimitedKmart: facial recognition used against refund fraud breached the Privacy Act Order
From June 2020 to July 2022, Kmart Australia used facial recognition in 28 stores to record the face of every person who came in and of every customer at the returns counters, with the aim of uncovering refund fraud, without informing them or obtaining their consent. The Privacy Commissioner rejected the exception for addressing unlawful activity, because the indiscriminate collection of sensitive biometric information was disproportionate given less intrusive alternatives and its limited benefit, and ordered that the conduct must not be continued or repeated. The decision is currently under review before the Administrative Review Tribunal; hearings are scheduled for early 2027. The decision is not final.
Before deploying facial recognition, organisations must assess and document whether less intrusive means would suffice and whether the intrusion into the privacy of everyone captured is proportionate.
Facial recognition in retail: proportionality, notice and consent
- Authority / court
- Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Privacy Act 1988 (Cth), APP 1.3, 1.4, 3.3, 3.4, 5.1, 5.2
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Mitigating circumstances
- Kmart stopped using the system in July 2022 when the investigation began and cooperated with the regulator throughout.
- Published
- 18 Sep 2025
- OAIC: Kmart’s use of facial recognition to tackle refund fraud unlawful, Privacy Commissioner finds (18.09.2025) Press release of an authority
- OAIC: Privacy determinations – Commissioner Initiated Investigation into Kmart Australia Limited (Privacy) [2025] AICmr 155 (26 August 2025) Enforcement database of an authority
- OAIC: Privacy Commissioner publishes updated guidance on facial recognition in retail spaces (29.07.2026) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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21 Aug 2025 Kwong's Art Jewellery Trading Company Limited, My Jewelry Management LimitedJewellery companies: data of around 79,400 people stolen – enforcement notices Order
At Kwong's Art Jewellery Trading Company Limited and its retail subsidiary My Jewelry Management Limited, which run their IT systems jointly, an attacker (reported in November 2024) obtained the credentials of an administrator account by brute force, exfiltrated the database and deleted it; around 79,400 individuals were affected, including customers and current and former employees. In its report published on 21 August 2025 the PCPD (Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, Hong Kong's data protection authority) found breaches of DPP 4(1), among other things because the account of a departed employee had not been deleted in time, server operating systems were outdated and security policies and security assessments were lacking. Both companies were served enforcement notices to remedy the deficiencies and prevent further contraventions.
Delete the accounts of departing staff immediately, keep servers up to date and protect administrator access against brute-force attacks.
Access management for leavers, patch management and protection of administrator accounts
- Authority / court
- Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), Hongkong
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, Data Protection Principle 4(1); Enforcement Notices
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Published
- 21 Aug 2025
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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12 Aug 2025 Asociația Casa de Ajutor Reciproc „FLEXICREDIT”Credit association Flexicredit grants 17 loans on forged documents – 3,000 EUR €2,990
A school employee gained access to her school’s official e-mail account and sent forged documents on the basis of which the credit association concluded 17 loans in 2023/2024 without the knowledge of the data subjects. The Romanian data protection authority (ANSPDCP) criticised the insufficient identity verification for remote applications and imposed 15,141.6 lei (3,000 EUR). Date = publication of the press release; according to the authority, the investigation was concluded in June 2025.
Remote contracting requires robust identity verification – an e-mail from an ‘official’ address is no proof.
Identity verification and fraud detection in remote applications
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 12 Aug 2025
Original amount 15,141.6 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Aug 2025.
- ANSPDCP – Comunicat de presă 12.08.2025 (Asociația Casa de Ajutor Reciproc „FLEXICREDIT”) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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6 Aug 2025 DSB: fine against news portal that ignored instruction on cookie banner €6,200
In 2023, the Austrian data protection authority (Datenschutzbehörde, DSB) had ordered a local news portal (a media GmbH & Co KG, name pseudonymised) by decision to offer, on the first layer of the cookie banner, an equivalent option to close it without consent. Because the company did not implement this from October 2024 until at least March 2025, the DSB imposed 6,200 EUR for failure to comply with an instruction; the penalty decision is final.
Implement orders of the supervisory authority on time – ignoring them risks a separate fine in addition to the original infringement.
- Authority / court
- Datenschutzbehörde (DSB)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d i. V. m. Art. 83 Abs. 6 DSGVO; Art. 7 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- DSB Straferkenntnis GZ 2025-0.276.820 vom 06.08.2025 (RIS) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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23 Jul 2025 ESTO ASData protection authority requires ESTO AS to stop creating accounts for non-customers Order
The instalment payment provider created customer profiles without a contract for persons who signed in via retailer checkouts, refused former customers the closure of their accounts and continued to send them transactional e-mails with advertising content. The Andmekaitse Inspektsioon (Estonian Data Protection Inspectorate, AKI) ordered transparent information, valid consent, erasure options under Art. 17 GDPR and the separation of transactional and advertising e-mails; a penalty payment of 5,000 EUR is threatened for each item not fulfilled.
Customer accounts must not be created for non-customers ‘on the side’ – and erasure must work once the contract has ended.
- Authority / court
- Andmekaitse Inspektsioon (AKI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- § 56 Abs. 1, § 58 Abs. 1 IKS; Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d, Art. 4 Nr. 11, 5, 6, 7, 12–14, 17 DSGVO
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Ettekirjutus-hoiatus nr 2.1-1/24/1048-2575-22 (ESTO AS), 23.07.2025 Decision of an authority
- Andmekaitse Inspektsioon – veröffentlichte Ettekirjutused (Liste) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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22 Jul 2025 HEP-Toplinarstvo d.o.o.Croatia: 320,000 EUR against HEP-Toplinarstvo over plain-text passwords €320,000
The district heating company stored the passwords of almost 16,000 users of its customer portal ‘Moj račun’ in readable form and, when ‘forgot password’ was used, sent the old password by e-mail. The Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (Croatian Personal Data Protection Agency, AZOP) imposed 320,000 EUR for lack of security measures and insufficient cooperation, as the company neither provided evidence of remediation nor disclosed all information (date = publication).
Never store passwords in plain text – and refusing to provide evidence to the supervisory authority increases the fine.
Secure password storage in software development
- Authority / court
- Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (AZOP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 31, Art. 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Published
- 22 Jul 2025
- Izrečene dvije upravne novčane kazne u iznosu od 370.000 eura Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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3 Jul 2025 Ezynetic Pte. Ltd.Ezynetic: 17,500 SGD after ransomware at IT service provider for moneylenders €11,664
The SaaS provider operates a system for licensed moneylenders that is linked to the Moneylenders Credit Bureau and into which its clients enter data on loan applicants and borrowers; in June 2024 an attacker used a vulnerable web application to take over the SQL server's system administrator account, which was protected only by an easily guessed password, deleted databases and exfiltrated data on 190,589 individuals including credit report data, which was offered for sale on the dark web. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) found a breach of the Protection Obligation (inadequate access control, no vulnerability assessments or penetration tests) and, given the company's role as a provider processing client data entrusted to it, considered a fine of 17,500 SGD appropriate; it rejected the request for a waiver or reduction. In addition, the company must obtain the Cyber Trust mark certification of the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) for its new network within nine months.
Privileged default accounts such as a database server administrator must be disabled or secured with strong passwords and additional controls, and systems must be tested regularly for vulnerabilities.
Strong passwords and protection of privileged administrator accounts
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Section 24(a) PDPA 2012 (Protection Obligation); Section 48J PDPA (Financial Penalty); Section 48I PDPA (Directions)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- Cooperation, admission under the Expedited Decision Procedure and first breach of the PDPA.
- Published
- 3 Jul 2025
Original amount 17,500 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 3 Jul 2025.
- PDPC – Enforcement Decisions: Breach of the Protection Obligation by Ezynetic (veröffentlicht 03.07.2025) Enforcement database of an authority
- PDPC – Summary of the Decision [2025] SGPDPCS 2, Ezynetic Pte. Ltd., Case No. DP-2406-C2585, PDF (ohne Datum) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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2 Jul 2025 Hrvatski ured za osiguranje (HUO)AZOP: 101,000 EUR against Croatian Insurance Bureau after leak of vehicle owner data €101,000
Following an anonymous tip-off about a USB stick containing data on more than one million vehicle owners (name, OIB, address, registration number, insurance data), the Croatian data protection authority (Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka, AZOP) found that the data originated from the database of the Insurance Bureau, which had not laid down appropriate protective measures or deletion periods. Because of its public tasks, the fine was capped at 101,000 EUR (date of publication; exact date of the decision not stated).
Large registers need access controls, export logging and deletion periods so that bulk data does not end up unnoticed on USB sticks.
Access control and deletion periods for register data
- Authority / court
- Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (AZOP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e, Art. 32 Abs. 2 und 4 DSGVO; Art. 44 kroatisches DSGVO-Durchführungsgesetz
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Mitigating circumstances
- Cap due to public tasks (Art. 44 of the Implementing Act).
- Published
- 2 Jul 2025
- Izrečeno osam upravnih novčanih kazni u ukupnom iznosu od 350.500,00 eura Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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1 Jul 2025 Healthline Media LLCCalifornia: $1.55 million against Healthline over disclosure of illness-related article titles €1.31m
Despite objections, the health portal continued to pass data to advertising partners and transmitted article titles suggestive of diagnoses for targeted advertising; the consent banner did not stop the tracking. In addition, the required contractual clauses with advertising partners were missing. The settlement was reached with the Attorney General of California.
Test consent banners technically: if rejecting does not actually switch off tracking, that is misleading and unlawful.
- Authority / court
- Attorney General of California (California Department of Justice)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), Unfair Competition Law
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Published
- 1 Jul 2025
Original amount 1,550,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 1 Jul 2025.
- Attorney General Bonta Announces Largest CCPA Settlement to Date, Secures $1.55 Million from Healthline.com Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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25 Jun 2025 Vodafone – Πάναφον Α.Ε.Ε.Τ.Greece: 700,000 EUR against Vodafone over prepaid numbers registered in other people’s names €700,000
Using a customer’s identity card, an unknown person registered at least 15 prepaid numbers in her name at a Vodafone partner shop. By Decision 27/2025, the Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) imposed on Vodafone 350,000 EUR (processing by a processor, Art. 28), 200,000 EUR (accuracy of data) and 150,000 EUR under the Greek ePrivacy law, and issued a reprimand requiring the company to secure the activation of new numbers technically within three months (for example by sending an SMS to the existing customer); the shop (partnership, anonymised) received 40,000 EUR.
Identity checks in branch and partner distribution are a data protection issue – providers are liable for weak processes of their distribution partners.
Identity verification when concluding contracts in partner distribution
- Authority / court
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. d, Art. 28 Abs. 1 und 3 DSGVO; Art. 12 Gesetz 3471/2006
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Απόφαση 27/2025 της Αρχής Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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24 Jun 2025 BirthlinkICO: £18,000 fine for charity Birthlink over destroyed records €21,109
The ICO fined the Scottish charity Birthlink £18,000. The ICO found that the organisation had destroyed around 4,800 personal records; according to the ICO, up to ten per cent of them may be irreplaceable.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 5(2), 32(1)-(2) und 33 UK GDPR; section 155 DPA 2018
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 18,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 24 Jun 2025.
- ICO Enforcement: Birthlink. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: Birthlink (24 June 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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23 Jun 2025 McDonald’s Polska sp. z o.o.; 24/7 Communication sp. z o.o. (Auftragsverarbeiter)McDonald’s Polska and service provider: PLN 17.1m after staff rotas were publicly accessible €4m
Data of employees of McDonald’s and its franchisees from the rota module (including names, PESEL or passport numbers, working hours, positions) sat in a publicly accessible directory. UODO found that McDonald’s Polska had carried out no risk analysis, implemented no appropriate safeguards and not effectively supervised its processor, and imposed fines of PLN 1,632,063, 13,600,528 and 1,700,066 (PLN 16,932,657 in total) and a reprimand; the processor 24/7 Communication received PLN 94,286, 42,429 and 47,143 (PLN 183,858), making PLN 17,116,515 overall. The decision is not final.
Outsourcing HR processes does not shift responsibility: a risk analysis, access to the system configuration and audits actually carried out at the provider are mandatory.
Protecting employee data in outsourced HR systems
- Authority / court
- Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych (UODO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. c und f, Art. 5 Abs. 2, Art. 25 Abs. 1, Art. 28 Abs. 1, Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 2, Art. 38 Abs. 1 DSGVO sowie Art. 34 Abs. 1 und 3 lit. c DSGVO (Verwarnung) (Verantwortlicher); Art. 28 Abs. 3 lit. c, Abs. 4 und 9, Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 2, Art. 38 Abs. 1 DSGVO (Auftragsverarbeiter)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Food and agriculture
- Published
- 21 Jul 2025
Original amount 17,116,515 PLN, converted at the ECB reference rate of 23 Jun 2025.
- Decyzja Prezesa UODO DKN.5130.4179.2020 vom 23.06.2025 (pseudonymisiert) Decision of an authority
- UODO: Za ochronę danych osobowych są odpowiedzialni zarówno administrator, jak i podmiot przetwarzający Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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20 Jun 2025 Goldheart Jewelry Pte. Ltd.Goldheart Jewelry: 58,000 SGD over security patch applied eleven months late €39,197
The jeweller applied a patch released in February 2022 for a known vulnerability (CVE-2022-24086) in the Magento platform of its online shop only in January 2023; through the gap an attacker extracted the customer database with data on 41,379 individuals and posted it on an online forum in May 2023. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) found a negligent breach of the Protection Obligation because the company relied entirely on its maintenance vendor for patching without directing or monitoring it, and rejected the argument that the vendor had been a data intermediary. Alongside 58,000 SGD (provisionally 64,000 SGD; the finding on credentials stored in plain text was dropped after representations) it directed an external security audit of access controls and the remediation of any gaps.
A company that outsources the maintenance of its web shop remains responsible for patching and must assign responsibilities and monitor implementation.
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Section 24 PDPA 2012 (Protection Obligation); Section 48J PDPA (Financial Penalty); Section 48I PDPA (Directions)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Prompt remediation once the incident was known, admission under the Expedited Decision Procedure and cooperation.
- Published
- 8 Jan 2026
Original amount 58,000 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 20 Jun 2025.
- PDPC – Enforcement Decisions: Breach of the Protection Obligation by Goldheart Jewelry Pte Ltd (veröffentlicht 08.01.2026) Enforcement database of an authority
- PDPC – Decision [2025] SGPDPC 4, Goldheart Jewelry Pte. Ltd., Case No. DP-2305-C1061 (20.06.2025), PDF Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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18 Jun 2025 Waxholms Ångfartygs AktiebolagWaxholmsbolaget: fine for processing a captain’s breathalyser test results €6,801
The shipping company processed results of on-board breath alcohol tests that could be attributed to a complainant employed as a captain. The Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY) regarded this as processing without a legal basis and as unlawful processing of health data and imposed 75,000 SEK.
Monitoring data such as alcohol test results are employees’ health data – access, storage and legal basis must be settled before such tests are introduced.
Employee health data (alcohol tests)
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 6, Art. 9
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Published
- 18 Jun 2025
Original amount 75,000 SEK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 18 Jun 2025.
- IMY – Tillsyn Waxholms Ångfartygs AB (WÅAB) Decision of an authority
- IMY – Beslut efter tillsyn, IMY-2024-1520 (18.06.2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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12 Jun 2025 Department of Social Protection (DSP)DPC: 550,000 EUR against Irish social protection ministry over facial matching without legal basis €550,000
For registration for the Public Services Card, the ministry created biometric facial templates of a large part of the population without a sufficiently clear legal basis, with deficient information and an incomplete data protection impact assessment. Ireland's Data Protection Commission (DPC) issued a reprimand, imposed 550,000 EUR and ordered the biometric processing to be stopped within nine months if no valid legal basis is found.
Biometric procedures require a precise statutory basis and a complete impact assessment before they are rolled out widely.
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und e, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 9 Abs. 1, Art. 13, Art. 35 Abs. 7 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Mitigating circumstances
- No deficiencies were found in the technical and organisational security measures.
- Published
- 12 Jun 2025
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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6 Jun 2025 South Yorkshire PoliceICO: Reprimand for South Yorkshire Police after loss of body-worn video footage Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to South Yorkshire Police. The ICO found that during a data transfer in July 2023, carried out by a third-party supplier within the digital evidence management system, 96,174 original body-worn video recordings were accidentally deleted. The ICO found that the force lacked appropriate technical and organisational security measures and could not demonstrate compliance. The action was based on the law-enforcement processing rules in Part 3 of the DPA 2018.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- section 34(3) und section 40 DPA 2018 (Part 3)
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO Enforcement: South Yorkshire Police. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Reprimand: South Yorkshire Police Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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5 Jun 2025 23andMe, Inc.ICO: £2.31 million against 23andMe after credential stuffing targeting genetic data €2.74m
From April to September 2023, attackers used reused credentials to access data on 155,592 people in the United Kingdom, including ancestry, family trees and health information. There was no MFA, no secure password rules and no effective monitoring; despite anomalies in July 2023, the full investigation only began in October. Joint investigation by the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) with the Privacy Commissioner of Canada.
Companies that manage genetic or health data must protect customer accounts against credential stuffing with MFA and investigate warning signs immediately.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- UK GDPR Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 Abs. 1
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Employees
- 250 to 999
- Culpability
- negligent
- Published
- 17 Jun 2025
Original amount 2,310,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 5 Jun 2025.
- 23andMe fined for failing to protect UK users' genetic data Press release of an authority
- ICO Penalty Notice: 23andMe, Inc. Decision of an authority
- SEC EDGAR: 23andMe Holding Co., Form 10-K zum 31.03.2025 (265 Beschäftigte) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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5 Jun 2025 CaixaBank, S.A.AEPD: 200,000 EUR against CaixaBank over continued storage of a non-customer's data €200,000
A person who was not (or no longer) a customer received a letter from CaixaBank about an update to its privacy statement, announcing that she would be contacted about her advertising preferences. The Spanish data protection authority (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, AEPD) considered the continued storage of her data to be an infringement of the principle of storage limitation and imposed 200,000 EUR; the bank's request for reconsideration was dismissed as inadmissible.
Before mass mailings, check whether the recipients' data may still be stored at all – former customers should be deleted, not written to.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- AEPD Resolución PS/00140/2024 (EXP202302270) Decision of an authority
- AEPD Resolución recurso de reposición PS/00140/2024 (Datum der Ausgangsentscheidung 05.06.2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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3 Jun 2025 Vodafone GmbHBfDI: 45 million EUR against Vodafone over fraud in partner agencies and authentication gaps €45m
Malicious employees in partner agencies that broker contracts for Vodafone had created fictitious contracts and contract changes to the detriment of customers. The German Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BfDI) imposed 15 million EUR for inadequate vetting and monitoring of the partner agencies (Art. 28) and 30 million EUR for authentication deficiencies in ‘MeinVodafone’ in combination with the hotline, through which unauthorised persons were able, among other things, to retrieve eSIM profiles; in addition, a reprimand was issued under Art. 32.
Companies that outsource sales to partner agencies must audit how those agencies handle customer data and make misuse technically harder.
Insider threats and oversight of sales partners
- Authority / court
- Bundesbeauftragte für den Datenschutz und die Informationsfreiheit (BfDI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 28 Abs. 1 S. 1, Art. 32 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Mitigating circumstances
- Full cooperation including self-incrimination, modernisation of systems, separation from fraudulent partners; fines accepted and paid, plus donations amounting to millions.
- Published
- 3 Jun 2025
- Pressemitteilung 6/2025: BfDI verhängt Geldbußen gegen Vodafone Press release of an authority
- BfDI – Übersicht Pressemitteilungen (Datum 03.06.2025) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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30 May 2025 Xfera Móviles, S.A.U.AEPD: 200,000 EUR against Xfera (MásMóvil) over number porting without consent €200,000
A customer's mobile number was ported to MásMóvil without the customer having requested it; the new SIM card was handed over to a third party who did not identify themselves. The Spanish data protection authority (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, AEPD) found processing without a legal basis, imposed 200,000 EUR and ordered measures against such incidents; the company's request for reconsideration was unsuccessful.
Issue SIM cards and carry out porting only after robust identity verification – couriers and sales partners must comply with this too.
Identity verification for porting and SIM handover (SIM swapping)
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- AEPD Resolución PS/00170/2024 (EXP202301365) Decision of an authority
- AEPD Resolución recurso de reposición PS/00170/2024 (Datum der Ausgangsentscheidung 30.05.2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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27 May 2025 AS Watson (Health & Beauty Continental Europe) B.V.AP reduces cookie fine against Kruidvat operator AS Watson to 50,000 EUR after objection €50,000
The company behind the Kruidvat drugstore chain tracked visitors to Kruidvat.nl with tracking cookies without their knowledge or consent, enabling it to build profiles from location, pages visited, shopping basket and purchases. The Dutch data protection authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, AP) had imposed 600,000 EUR in 2024, upheld the objection in May 2025 and reduced the fine to 50,000 EUR.
Set tracking cookies in an online shop only after genuine consent – pre-ticked or hidden consent is not sufficient.
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1 i. V. m. Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a DSGVO (Tracking-Cookies ohne Einwilligung)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Published
- 12 Jun 2025
- Besluit op bezwaar AS Watson – Kruidvat (27 mei 2025) Decision of an authority
- Besluit boete AS Watson – Kruidvat Decision of an authority
- AP – Boete van 600.000 euro voor tracking cookies op Kruidvat.nl Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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27 May 2025 Yliopiston ApteekkiYliopiston Apteekki: 1.1 million EUR over tracking in online shop – court annuls fine overturned
In 2018–2022, the online pharmacy transmitted purchase data, including data on prescription medicines, to the tracking providers via Google and Meta tracking. The sanctions board of the Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto (Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman) imposed 1.1 million EUR and a reprimand; on 1 June 2026 the Helsingin hallinto-oikeus (Helsinki Administrative Court) upheld the infringement but annulled the fine because it was unclear whether a fine may be imposed on the university pharmacy at all (not final).
Tracking tools on health-related websites can easily transmit sensitive data – include marketing technology in the data protection review.
Tracking pixels on sensitive websites
- Authority / court
- Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto – seuraamuskollegio; Helsingin hallinto-oikeus
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 9, Art. 25, Art. 32
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- overturned
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Published
- 4 Jun 2025
Amount in EUR; no ECB reference rate is available for this currency.
- Finlex – Tietosuojavaltuutettu 27.5.2025 (verkkoapteekin seurantateknologiat) Decision of an authority
- Tietosuojavaltuutettu – Hallinto-oikeudelta päätös Yliopiston Apteekille määrätystä seuraamusmaksusta (2.6.2026) Press release of an authority
- Helsingin hallinto-oikeus – kumosi Yliopiston Apteekille määrätyn 1,1 miljoonan euron seuraamusmaksun (01.06.2026) Court press release
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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26 May 2025 Repsol Comercializadora de Electricidad y Gas, S.L.AEPD: €1.38m fine for Repsol retail arm over contracts under mixed-up customer data €1.38m
Because another customer's switching request with an almost identical name was recorded in the complainant's customer account, gas and electricity contracts for a supply point unknown to her ran under her data, and a third party, as contract holder, gained access to that data. The AEPD imposed 130,000 EUR for breaching the accuracy principle (Art. 5(1)(d)) and 1,250,000 EUR for inadequate security measures (Art. 32), 1,380,000 EUR in total.
Where names are similar, customer data must be matched against unique identifiers before any contract change so that no contracts are created under someone else's data.
Unambiguous matching of customer data when concluding contracts
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. d, Art. 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- AEPD, Resolución PS/00090/2024 (EXP202207990), Repsol Comercializadora de Electricidad y Gas Decision of an authority
- AEPD, Memoria 2025 (Tabelle der 2025 unterzeichneten Bußgelder über 1 Mio. Euro) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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20 May 2025 13859380 Canada Inc. (Crane Supply)Crane Supply: CAI limits AI-enabled driver cameras in delivery vehicles Order
In 2023 the wholesale distributor of pipes and valves installed a camera system in all its delivery vehicles that also films the driver's cab from engine start until 20 minutes after the engine is switched off and uses artificial intelligence to detect events such as phone use, not wearing a seatbelt or smoking. The Commission d'accès à l'information (CAI, Quebec's access to information and privacy commission) found the necessity of the collection not established because the intrusion into drivers' privacy had not been sufficiently minimised, and ordered the company to limit in-cab recording to a few seconds before and after an incident or to stop it, to stop recording once the engine is off and to destroy any recordings going beyond that.
Cameras in company vehicles should only record around specific events; continuous recording of drivers is hard to justify.
Video surveillance of employees in company vehicles
- Authority / court
- Commission d'accès à l'information du Québec (CAI), section de surveillance
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Loi sur la protection des renseignements personnels dans le secteur privé (RLRQ c. P-39.1), Art. 5 (Notwendigkeit der Erhebung) und Art. 83
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- CAI, section de surveillance: Décision 1031833-S, 13859380 Canada Inc. (Crane Supply), 20.05.2025 Decision of an authority
- CAI: Répertoire des décisions rendues par la section de surveillance Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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19 May 2025 The Management Corporation – Strata Title Plan No. 4599 (The Scotts Tower)MCST 4599: directions after refused access request for CCTV footage Order
A person involved in a traffic accident next to the condominium requested access to the CCTV footage in April 2024; the security company could not save it for lack of administrator access, the system overwrote it after 17 days, and the management corporation then refused the request, citing other individuals' data and strata management law. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) held that a blanket refusal was not justified (other individuals could have been masked) but, as the footage no longer existed, made no finding on the access obligation, and found a negligent breach of the Accountability Obligation: no data protection officer, no data protection policy of its own (only the managing agent's) and no instructions to the managing agent and security company on handling access requests. It directed the corporation to introduce, within 60 days, policies and a procedure for access requests concerning CCTV footage and to pass them on to the managing agent and contractors.
Access requests for CCTV footage need a set procedure that secures the footage before it is automatically overwritten and masks other individuals instead of refusing outright.
Recognise access requests, secure the relevant data immediately and respond in time
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Sections 11(3) und 12 PDPA 2012 (Accountability Obligation); geprüft auch Sections 21 und 22A PDPA (Auskunft, Aufbewahrung bei Ablehnung)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- The management corporation appointed a data protection officer after the incident.
- Published
- 7 Aug 2025
- PDPC – Enforcement Decisions: Breach of the Accountability Obligation by MCST 4599 (veröffentlicht 07.08.2025) Enforcement database of an authority
- PDPC – Decision 2025 SGPDPC 3, The Management Corporation – Strata Title Plan No. 4599, Case No. DP-2405-C2318 (19.05.2025), PDF Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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16 May 2025 London Borough of Hammersmith and FulhamICO: Reprimand for London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham over hidden data in FOI response Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. The ICO found that, in answering a Freedom of Information request, the council released a spreadsheet that contained hidden data. This exposed personal data of 6,528 people, 2,342 of them children. The ICO criticised inadequate security measures and a failure to demonstrate compliance.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 5(2), 24(1), 32(1)(b) UK GDPR; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO Enforcement: London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Reprimand: London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham (16 May 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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16 May 2025 PostFinance AGEDÖB orders PostFinance to obtain explicit consent for voice recognition Order
PostFinance AG created voiceprints of its customers for authentication by voice recognition without obtaining their active consent; customers who did not want this had to object themselves. The Eidgenössischer Datenschutz- und Öffentlichkeitsbeauftragter (EDÖB, Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner) considered this processing of biometric data disproportionate and, by ruling of 16 May 2025, ordered PostFinance to obtain explicit consent in future and to delete voiceprints for which no such consent exists. PostFinance has appealed to the Federal Administrative Court.
Biometric procedures need an active opt-in from the individuals concerned; a mere right to object is not enough.
Biometric authentication and consent (opt-in instead of opt-out)
- Authority / court
- Eidgenössischer Datenschutz- und Öffentlichkeitsbeauftragter (EDÖB)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Bundesgesetz über den Datenschutz (DSG): Grundsatz der Verhältnismässigkeit; biometrische Daten als besonders schützenswerte Personendaten, ausdrückliche Einwilligung
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 7 Aug 2025
- EDÖB-Mitteilung vom 07.08.2025: EDÖB schliesst Untersuchung zur Stimmerkennung bei PostFinance ab Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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15 May 2025 Solocal Marketing ServicesCNIL: €900,000 fine for Solocal Marketing Services over marketing without consent €900,000
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined Solocal Marketing Services, a subsidiary of the Solocal group, EUR 900,000 and ordered it, subject to a penalty payment of EUR 10,000 per day, to stop electronic marketing without valid consent. On behalf of advertisers, the company had sent SMS and e-mail marketing to contacts that data brokers had obtained through misleadingly designed prize-draw and product-testing forms, and it could not provide proof of consent for one main supplier (Art. L. 34-5 CPCE, the French Post and Electronic Communications Code; Art. 7 GDPR). The company has challenged the sanction before the Conseil d'État (French supreme administrative court).
Anyone using acquired contact data for marketing must effectively check the consent obtained by the supplier and be able to prove it; contractual assurances are not enough.
Consent for marketing using acquired contact data
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. L. 34-5 Code des postes et des communications électroniques (CPCE); Art. 7 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Other
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- The CNIL took into account the measures taken since the inspections to achieve compliance.
- Published
- 21 May 2025
- CNIL: Courtiers en données : sanction de 900 000 euros à l'encontre de la société SOLOCAL MARKETING SERVICES (21.05.2025) Press release of an authority
- Délibération de la formation restreinte n° SAN-2025-001 du 15 mai 2025 concernant la société SOLOCAL MARKETING SERVICES Decision of an authority
- Conseil d'État, juge des référés, 22 octobre 2025, n° 508937, 508939, société Solocal Marketing Services Court decision
- CNIL: Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Liste, Stand 14.04.2026) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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15 May 2025 CalogaCNIL: €80,000 fine for data broker Caloga over e-mail marketing without consent €80,000
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined the data broker Caloga EUR 80,000. The company had sent e-mail marketing on behalf of advertisers to contacts whose consent had been obtained through misleading prize-draw and product-testing forms, had not allowed one-click unsubscription from all four of its databases and had passed contact data to partners without a sound legal basis (Art. L. 34-5 CPCE, the French Post and Electronic Communications Code; Art. 5(1)(e) and 6 GDPR).
Withdrawing consent to marketing must be as easy as giving it, even where a provider runs several brands or databases.
Withdrawal of marketing consent
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. L. 34-5 Code des postes et des communications électroniques (CPCE); Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e und Art. 6 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Employees
- Under 50
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- It was taken into account that the company had ceased its activity entirely in 2024.
- Published
- 27 May 2025
- CNIL: Courtiers en données : sanction de 80 000 euros à l'encontre de la société CALOGA (27.05.2025) Press release of an authority
- Délibération de la formation restreinte n° SAN-2025-002 du 15 mai 2025 concernant la société CALOGA Decision of an authority
- CNIL: Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Liste, Stand 14.04.2026) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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15 May 2025 Greater Manchester PoliceICO: Reprimand for Greater Manchester Police over subject access request backlog Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police. The ICO found that, because of a persistent backlog of historic requests, the force repeatedly failed to answer subject access requests on time. The ICO found infringements of both the UK GDPR and the law-enforcement provisions of the DPA 2018.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3) und Art. 15 UK GDPR; section 45 und section 54 DPA 2018 (Part 3); Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- ICO Enforcement: Greater Manchester Police. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Reprimand: Greater Manchester Police (15 May 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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6 May 2025 Todd Snyder, Inc.Todd Snyder: 345,178 USD – tracking opt-out ineffective for 40 days €304,793
For 40 days, the fashion retailer’s misconfigured privacy portal did not process objections to the sale and sharing of personal data; in addition, the company required too much data and identity verification before an opt-out. The California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) imposed 345,178 USD and required correct configuration of consent management and employee training.
A consent management platform does not relieve companies of responsibility: check regularly whether opt-outs are actually implemented technically.
Configuration and monitoring of consent management platforms
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA), Board
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
Original amount 345,178 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 6 May 2025.
- CPPA Orders Clothing Retailer Todd Snyder to Pay Six-Figure Fine, Overhaul Privacy Practices (06.05.2025) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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2 May 2025 TikTok Technology LimitedDPC: 530 million EUR against TikTok over data access from China €530m
TikTok allowed employees in China to access European users' data remotely without assessing and demonstrating that standard contractual clauses and supplementary measures ensured an equivalent level of protection against access by Chinese authorities; it also informed users inadequately. Ireland's Data Protection Commission (DPC) imposed 530 million EUR and ordered that the transfers be brought into compliance or suspended within six months.
Even mere remote access from a third country is a transfer – without a documented transfer impact assessment, fines and a suspension order loom.
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · International data transfers
- Legal basis
- Art. 46 Abs. 1, Art. 13 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 2 May 2025
- Irish Data Protection Commission fines TikTok €530 million and orders corrective measures Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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30 Apr 2025 Luxembourg engineering firm: 7,000 EUR for incomplete record of processing activities €7,000
In an audit campaign on records of processing activities, the Commission nationale pour la protection des données (Luxembourg data protection authority, CNPD) found that an engineering and design consultancy (pseudonymised as ‘Société A’) had omitted mandatory information such as name and contact details, categories of data subjects and data, and retention periods. It imposed 7,000 EUR.
The record of processing activities is the first thing supervisory authorities request – it must be complete, including retention periods.
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale pour la protection des données (CNPD) – formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 30 Abs. 1 lit. a, c, f
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Manufacturing and mechanical engineering
- CNPD – Délibération n° 3FR/2025 du 30 avril 2025 (Société A) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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28 Apr 2025 Taxa 4x35Taxa 4x35: appeal court raises GDPR fine to DKK 250,000 for excessive retention €33,492
The Østre Landsret (Eastern High Court) raised the fine of 100,000 DKK imposed by the Frederiksberg City Court in January 2023 to 250,000 DKK. The taxi company had kept customers' telephone numbers together with pick-up locations for five years instead of the necessary two; the Datatilsynet (Danish Data Protection Agency) had proposed 1.2 million DKK in its first GDPR fine recommendation and cited around 8.9 million affected trips. The court found the infringement negligent and reduced the amount because the proceedings had lasted about six years.
Retention periods must cover every identifier – deleting only the name while keeping the phone number is not anonymisation.
Retention periods and genuine anonymisation
- Authority / court
- Østre Landsret (auf Anzeige der Datatilsynet)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e, Art. 83 Abs. 5 lit. a DSGVO; databeskyttelseslovens § 41 stk. 1 nr. 4, stk. 3 og 6
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Negligence, first offence, no particularly sensitive data, secure storage, prompt remediation after the report; long duration of the proceedings.
Original amount 250,000 DKK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 28 Apr 2025.
- Datatilsynet: Datatilsynet indstiller taxaselskab til bøde på 1,2 mio. kr. (25.03.2019, mit Update zu Byret und Landsret) Press release of an authority
- Østre Landsret, dom 28.04.2025, S-185-23 (Domsdatabasen, ECLI:DK:OLR:2025:SS0000000378) Court decision
- Retten på Frederiksberg, dom 06.01.2023, SS-5405/2020-FRB (Domsdatabasen) Court decision
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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24 Apr 2025 Dante International SADante International fails to act on erasure requests – 10,000 EUR €10,000
Although the platform operator had repeatedly confirmed to a customer that his e-mail addresses had been deleted, he continued to receive feedback requests; in addition, certain partners could see the address. The Romanian data protection authority (ANSPDCP) found breaches of transparency and erasure obligations, imposed 49,770 lei (10,000 EUR) and ordered, among other things, training of the staff responsible.
A confirmed erasure must actually be implemented in all systems – including feedback and partner tools.
Handling erasure requests in customer service
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12 Abs. 1 i. V. m. Art. 17 und 19 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Published
- 24 Apr 2025
Original amount 49,770 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 24 Apr 2025.
- ANSPDCP – Comunicat de presă 24.04.2025 (Dante International SA) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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14 Apr 2025 Informa D&B, S.A.AEPD: €1.8m fine for credit reference agency Informa D&B over purchased sole trader data €1.8m
Informa D&B processed data on sole traders that originated from the business census kept by the chambers of commerce and had been acquired through a contract with Camerdata, without a legal basis and without informing the data subjects. The AEPD imposed 900,000 EUR each for breaching Art. 6(1) and Art. 14 GDPR, 1,800,000 EUR in total, and ordered the processing to stop and the data to be erased; the request for reconsideration was dismissed.
Anyone buying in data from public registers must establish their own legal basis and inform the data subjects.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 14 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Published
- 19 Dec 2025
- AEPD, Resolución PS/00149/2024 (EXP202404644), Informa D&B Decision of an authority
- AEPD, Resolución de recurso de reposición PS/00149/2024 Decision of an authority
- BOE: Resolución de 10 de diciembre de 2025 der AEPD, Sanktionen über 1 Mio. Euro Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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14 Apr 2025 Iberinform Internacional, S.A.AEPD: 720,000 EUR against business information agency Iberinform for purchased data on entrepreneurs €720,000
Since 2008, Iberinform had obtained data on sole traders through a supply contract with Camerdata and used it to enrich its own files for commercial information services. The Spanish data protection authority (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, AEPD) found no legal basis for this and no information of the data subjects, and imposed 360,000 EUR for each (720,000 EUR in total) as well as an order to bring the processing into compliance; the request for reconsideration (recurso de reposición) was rejected.
Companies that purchase personal data from third parties need their own legal basis and must actively inform the data subjects.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 14 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- AEPD Resolución PS/00150/2024 (EXP202404645) Decision of an authority
- AEPD Resolución recurso de reposición PS/00150/2024 (Datum der Ausgangsentscheidung 14.04.2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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14 Apr 2025 eine kleine Anwaltskanzlei in EnglandICO: £60,000 against a law firm over hack and late notification €69,458
In 2022, attackers used brute force to penetrate the law firm's network via a rarely used administrator account without MFA and stole 32 GB of highly sensitive data, which appeared on the dark web. The firm only learned of this from the National Crime Agency and reported the incident to the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) only 43 days later.
Even small law firms need MFA on admin accounts and a reporting process that meets the 72-hour deadline.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- UK GDPR Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 2, Art. 33 Abs. 1
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Employees
- Under 50
- Culpability
- negligent
- Published
- 16 Apr 2025
Original amount 60,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 14 Apr 2025.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2025) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 3 · Direct link
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10 Apr 2025 Acea Energia S.p.A.Garante: €3m fine for Acea Energia over aggressive telemarketing through agencies €3m
Joint investigations with the Guardia di Finanza showed that a network of agencies called people on behalf of Acea Energia who had recently switched energy supplier, pretending there were non-existent technical problems with the switch, and used data lists that had been passed on without consent and without prior information. The Garante (Italian data protection authority) fined Acea Energia 3,000,000 EUR because its control over processors and the sales chain was inadequate; the company must inform the data subjects and review the agencies' contracts with sub-agents. In a separate decision, fines totalling 850,000 EUR were imposed on the agencies and companies involved.
Principals are liable for the unlawful contact sourcing of their agencies if they do not verify sub-contracting and the origin of data lists.
Oversight of the sales chain in telemarketing
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und f, 6, 7, 13, 24, 25, 28 und 32 DSGVO; Art. 130 Codice privacy (D.Lgs. 196/2003)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Once the investigation findings became known, Acea withdrew the mandate from the agency concerned and took measures to improve security; cooperation during the proceedings.
- Published
- 7 May 2025
- Garante, Provvedimento n. 228 del 10 aprile 2025 (Acea Energia S.p.A.), doc. web n. 10127930 Decision of an authority
- Garante, Comunicato stampa 7 maggio 2025: sanzioni per 3mln ad Acea Energia e 850mila euro ad agenzie e società coinvolte Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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7 Apr 2025 Singapore Data Hub Pte LtdSingapore Data Hub: 17,500 SGD after SQL injection attacks on point-of-sale software €11,851
The provider of point-of-sale and CRM software for small and medium-sized enterprises reported two attacks in 2024 in which perpetrators used SQL injection, among other methods, to extract files with data on a total of 698,112 individuals, including health information (skin conditions and treatments) of 9,122 individuals; the data was likely posted on a hacking forum. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) stressed that the SaaS provider holds large volumes of data on behalf of its clients and found a breach of the Protection Obligation: publicly accessible servers, no network firewall, no security testing before releases, unsupported operating system and PHP versions, and credentials left unprotected in source code and configuration files. Alongside 17,500 SGD it directed a package of measures ranging from network segmentation and patch management to vulnerability assessments and penetration tests at least once a year.
SaaS providers holding customer data on a large scale must test new releases for security vulnerabilities before going live and consistently update or decommission legacy systems.
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Section 24(a) PDPA 2012 (Protection Obligation)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- Cooperation, admission under the Expedited Decision Procedure and first breach of the PDPA.
- Published
- 8 Jan 2026
Original amount 17,500 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 7 Apr 2025.
- PDPC – Enforcement Decisions: Breach of the Protection Obligation by Singapore Data Hub Pte Ltd (veröffentlicht 08.01.2026) Enforcement database of an authority
- PDPC – Decision [2025] SGPDPC 2, Singapore Data Hub Pte Ltd, Case No. DP-2406-C2514 (07.04.2025), PDF Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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2 Apr 2025 Malta: 20,000 EUR against healthcare provider over electoral register data and missing DPO €20,000
Despite being asked to do so, a healthcare provider (name redacted) did not correct a patient’s address, so that health reports were sent to third parties, and used address data from the electoral register without a legal basis. The Information and Data Protection Commissioner (IDPC) issued a reprimand, ordered rectification, erasure of the register data and the designation of a data protection officer, and imposed fines of 12,500, 5,000 and 2,500 EUR.
Anyone processing health data on a large scale needs a data protection officer – and a reported incorrect address must be corrected immediately.
Implementing rectification requests promptly
- Authority / court
- Information and Data Protection Commissioner (IDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und d, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 14, 16, 37 Abs. 1 lit. c DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- IDPC Decision CDP/COMP/282/2024 Decision of an authority
- Data Protection Decisions – IDPC Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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27 Mar 2025 AFK Letters Co LtdICO: £90,000 fine for AFK Letters Co over unwanted marketing calls €108,020
The ICO fined AFK Letters Co Ltd £90,000 and also issued an enforcement notice. The ICO found that between January and September 2023 the company made around 95,000 marketing calls to numbers registered with the Telephone Preference Service, which led to complaints to the ICO and the TPS. The company could not show that the people called had consented. Early payment reduces the penalty to £72,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998; section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 90,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 27 Mar 2025.
- ICO Enforcement: AFK Letters Co Ltd (MPN). Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: AFK Letters Co Ltd (27 March 2025) Decision of an authority
- Enforcement Notice: AFK Letters Co Ltd (27 March 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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26 Mar 2025 Woori Card Co., Ltd.Woori Card: 13.451 billion KRW after a branch used merchant data for card marketing €8.51m
From July 2022 to April 2024, the Incheon sales branch of Woori Card Co., Ltd. looked up data on at least 207,538 owners of card-accepting merchants in the merchant management system, including resident registration numbers, and passed it via chat and e-mail to card recruiters, who used it to market new credit cards; 74,692 of those affected had not consented to marketing. The authority also criticised excessively broad access rights and the company’s failure to intervene despite more than 30 million look-ups and downloads a month, and imposed a penalty surcharge of 13,451,000,000 KRW. It ordered a review of internal controls, training and supervision of staff, minimised access rights and regular log reviews.
Access rights to customer databases must be limited to what is necessary and bulk look-ups monitored automatically – otherwise a sales branch becomes a data source for sales.
Purpose limitation and data misuse by employees
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법) Art. 18(1), Art. 24-2(1), Art. 29; Sanktion nach Art. 64-2(1) Nr. 1
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Mitigating circumstances
- Reduction of 50% for an ISMS-P certification; increase of 25% because the infringement lasted around one year and nine months.
- Liability of senior managers
- Measures against individuals are not set out here.
- Published
- 27 Mar 2025
Original amount 13,451,000,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Mar 2025.
- PIPC, 심의·의결서 제2025-007-021호 (주식회사 우리카드), 26.03.2025 Decision of an authority
- PIPC, Entscheidungsdatenbank (위원회 결정문), Eintrag 2024조일0034 Enforcement database of an authority
- PIPC-Pressemitteilung vom 27.03.2025: 개인정보를 목적 외로 이용한 ㈜우리카드에 과징금 134억 5,100만 원 부과 Press release of an authority
- PIPC press release (English), 28.03.2025: The PIPC Sanctions Woori Card Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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26 Mar 2025 Advanced Computer Software Group LtdICO: £3 million against NHS service provider Advanced after ransomware without MFA €3.68m
Advanced, a processor for the NHS and care providers, was attacked with ransomware in August 2022 via a customer account without multi-factor authentication; services such as NHS 111 were disrupted. Data on 79,404 people was stolen, including instructions on how to gain entry to the homes of 890 people receiving care at home.
MFA must apply to every single access point without gaps – one unprotected account is enough for attackers.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- UK GDPR Art. 32 Abs. 1 (als Auftragsverarbeiter)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Provisionally £6.09 million; reduced, among other things, for proactive cooperation with the NCSC and the National Crime Agency.
- Published
- 27 Mar 2025
Original amount 3,076,320 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Mar 2025.
- Software provider fined £3m following 2022 ransomware attack Press release of an authority
- ICO Enforcement: Advanced Computer Software Group Limited Enforcement database of an authority
- ICO Penalty Notice: Advanced Computer Software Group Ltd Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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25 Mar 2025 NTT DATA România S.A.NTT DATA Romania: RON 124,432.50 after cyberattack and late notification €25,009
In a cyberattack on the IT service provider's infrastructure, data of a significant number of people was exfiltrated, including copies of identity documents, financial and employment data and health data of employees. The ANSPDCP (Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal, Romanian data protection authority) found a lack of appropriate security measures and of their regular testing and imposed RON 124,432.50; for failing to notify within 72 hours it issued a reprimand. The company has paid the fine.
Security measures must be tested regularly, and a personal data breach must be notified within 72 hours of becoming aware of it.
72-hour notification deadline and testing the effectiveness of security measures
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und d, Abs. 2, Art. 33 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 25 Mar 2025
Original amount 124,432.5 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 25 Mar 2025.
- ANSPDCP, Comunicat de presă 25.03.2025 – Sancțiune pentru încălcarea RGPD Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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14 Mar 2025 Centros Comerciales Carrefour, S.A.AEPD: €3.2m fine for Carrefour Spain over access to customer accounts €3.2m
Between January and April 2023 Carrefour notified several personal data breaches involving unauthorised access to customer profiles; according to the notifications 118,895 people were affected in total. The AEPD imposed 2,000,000 EUR (Art. 5(1)(f)), 1,000,000 EUR (Art. 32) and 200,000 EUR for failing to inform data subjects (Art. 34), 3,200,000 EUR in total, and ordered the data subjects to be informed within one month.
Repeated access to customer accounts requires effective account protection and informing those affected, not just notifying the authority.
Protecting customer accounts against account takeover
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, 32, 34 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- AEPD, Resolución PS/00128/2024 (EXP202305979), Centros Comerciales Carrefour Decision of an authority
- AEPD, Memoria 2025 (Tabelle der 2025 unterzeichneten Bußgelder über 1 Mio. Euro) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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14 Mar 2025 ING Bank N.V., Sucursal en EspañaAEPD: €1.6m fine for ING Spain over social security check when opening accounts €1.6m
ING made opening an account conditional on customers consenting to the retrieval of information on their economic activity from the social security treasury (TGSS), relying on anti-money laundering rules. The AEPD found that this procedure involved processing without a valid legal basis (Art. 6(1) GDPR); the sanction of 2,000,000 EUR was reduced to 1,600,000 EUR after voluntary payment without admission of liability, and remedial measures were also ordered.
Anyone relying on consent for queries to public authorities must obtain it freely and must not make opening an account conditional on it.
Legal basis for data queries in anti-money laundering checks
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Mitigating circumstances
- 20% reduction for voluntary payment (Art. 85 LPACAP), without admission of liability.
- Published
- 13 May 2025
- AEPD, Resolución PS/00531/2023 (EXP202213634), ING Bank N.V., Sucursal en España Decision of an authority
- BOE: Resolución de 29 de abril de 2025 der AEPD, Sanktionen über 1 Mio. Euro Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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14 Mar 2025 Greater Manchester PoliceICO: Reprimand for Greater Manchester Police over lost CCTV footage and late subject access response Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police. The ICO found that CCTV footage from a police station custody suite in 2021, which was to be retained because of serious allegations against officers, was not checked for completeness when it was preserved and was partly lost. In addition, the individual concerned did not receive their data on time after a subject access request. The action was based on the law-enforcement processing rules in the DPA 2018.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- section 45(3)(a) und (b) DPA 2018; sechster Datenschutzgrundsatz (section 40 DPA 2018, Part 3)
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- ICO Enforcement: Greater Manchester Police (March 2025). Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Reprimand: Greater Manchester Police (14 March 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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11 Mar 2025 Αρχή Ηλεκτρισμού Κύπρου (Electricity Authority of Cyprus, EAC)Cyprus: reprimand for electricity supplier EAC over insecure app registration Reprimand or warning
A customer denied having registered in the EAC Mobile App and having changed his billing address there; the supplier could not prove that the mobile number used for identification originated from the customer himself. The Επίτροπος Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Commissioner for Personal Data Protection) found breaches of accountability and data security, issued a reprimand and ordered the delivery address to be clarified with the customer in writing.
Self-registration in customer portals needs robust identity verification – otherwise invoices and data can be redirected.
- Authority / court
- Επίτροπος Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Commissioner for Personal Data Protection)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 24, Art. 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Απόφαση – Γνωστοποίηση παραβίασης, Εφαρμογή EAC Mobile App (11.03.2025) Decision of an authority
- 11/08/2025 Αποφάσεις: Ιανουάριος – Απρίλιος 2025 Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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10 Mar 2025 Telenor ASATelenor ASA: NOK 4m fine over data protection officer set-up and internal control €342,745
Following an inspection, Datatilsynet (Norwegian Data Protection Authority) fined Telenor ASA NOK 4,000,000 because the group parent had not put in place appropriate organisational measures and policies for the position of its data protection officer (Art. 24(1) and (2) GDPR). The authority also issued a reprimand because for about one year there was no reporting line from the data protection officer to the highest management level, and ordered the company to carry out a documented assessment of whether it must designate a data protection officer and to revise its record of processing activities. According to Datatilsynet, the decision has been appealed and a ruling by the Personvernnemnda (Privacy Appeals Board) is expected in autumn 2026. The decision is not final.
The data protection officer's role must be documented – with a direct reporting line to top management, clear rules on the officer's involvement and an assessment of potential conflicts of interest.
Position and independence of the data protection officer
- Authority / court
- Datatilsynet
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 24 Abs. 1 und 2, Art. 30, Art. 37 Abs. 7, Art. 38 Abs. 2 und 3, Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. b, d und i DSGVO; § 26 personopplysningsloven
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- No specific harm to data subjects was identified; the long case-handling time was taken into account when setting the amount.
- Published
- 14 Mar 2025
Original amount 4,000,000 NOK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 10 Mar 2025.
- Datatilsynet: Telenor ASA er ilagt sanksjoner for mangler ved personvernombudsordning og internkontroll (14.03.2025) Press release of an authority
- Datatilsynet, Vedtak – Personvernombudets rolle i Telenor ASA, 21/03823-45, 10.03.2025 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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10 Mar 2025 Οργανισμός Χρηματοδοτήσεως Στέγης (Housing Finance Corporation)Cyprus: 10,000 EUR against housing finance corporation for storing data too long €10,000
The housing finance corporation retained data of a former customer in its loan system beyond the permissible retention period because deletion there is only possible manually, record by record. The Επίτροπος Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Commissioner for Personal Data Protection) imposed 10,000 EUR and ordered erasure within 10 days as well as technical and organisational corrections within six months.
Retention periods need technical support – a system without a deletion function turns every expired period into an infringement.
- Authority / court
- Επίτροπος Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Commissioner for Personal Data Protection)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. d und e, Art. 24 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Απόφαση – Διατήρηση δεδομένων πέραν της νόμιμης περιόδου (ΟΧΣ, 10.03.2025) Decision of an authority
- 11/08/2025 Αποφάσεις: Ιανουάριος – Απρίλιος 2025 Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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7 Mar 2025 American Honda Motor Co., Inc.CPPA: $632,500 against Honda over obstructed privacy requests €582,573
Honda required excessive information for opt-out requests, used a cookie tool without equivalent choices, made it harder to appoint authorised agents and passed data on to ad-tech firms without the required contracts. The order of the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) requires, among other things, a simplified procedure and training for employees.
Do not undermine data subject rights through form hurdles or asymmetric consent dialogues.
- Authority / court
- California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Automotive
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 12 Mar 2025
Original amount 632,500 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 7 Mar 2025.
- CPPA: Enforcement action against American Honda Motor Co. Press release of an authority
- CPPA Order of Decision: American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (ENF23-V-HO-2) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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6 Mar 2025 Polskie Radio – Regionalna Rozgłośnia w Szczecinie „Radio Szczecin” S.A.Polskie Radio Szczecin: 56,824 PLN for lack of data protection review before publication €13,604
Following a report through which a minor victim became identifiable, an inspection found that the broadcaster had no risk analysis for editorial work, no rules for checking personal data before publication and no encryption of mobile storage media. Poland’s data protection authority (UODO) imposed 56,824 PLN; the Warsaw Administrative Court dismissed the action on 18 March 2026.
Newsrooms need a data protection review before publication – the media privilege does not replace technical and organisational measures.
Protection of data subjects in press reports; encryption of storage media
- Authority / court
- Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych (UODO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 24 Abs. 1, Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 2 DSGVO (DKN.5112.10.2024)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Published
- 11 Mar 2025
Original amount 56,824 PLN, converted at the ECB reference rate of 6 Mar 2025.
- Kara dla Polskiego Radia Szczecin za brak procedur chroniących prawa bohaterów publikacji Press release of an authority
- WSA oddalił skargę na decyzję Prezesa UODO w sprawie kary dla Radia Szczecin Press release of an authority
- Decyzja DKN.5112.10.2024 z 6 marca 2025 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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6 Mar 2025 SIA "VSV ZOO"Pet shop VSV ZOO fails to respond to review of privacy policy – 500 EUR €500
As part of a preventive review of the privacy policy on zoopasaule.lv, the Datu valsts inspekcija (Latvian Data State Inspectorate, DVI) repeatedly asked the online pet retailer for information from July 2024 onwards. The company let the first deadlines lapse, later twice asked for an extension citing the absence of its programmer, and still did not deliver thereafter. The DVI imposed 500 EUR for failure to cooperate with the supervisory authority.
A preventive request from the supervisory authority is also binding – anyone who does not respond is sanctioned before the actual deficiency is even addressed.
Handling letters from the data protection authority
- Authority / court
- Datu valsts inspekcija (DVI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 58 Abs. 1 lit. d und e, Art. 83 Abs. 5 lit. e DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Culpability
- intentional
- DVI Lēmums Par soda piemērošanu (SIA „VSV ZOO“), 06.03.2025 Decision of an authority
- Datu valsts inspekcija – Lēmumi (Liste der veröffentlichten Entscheidungen) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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19 Feb 2025 Smart Home Ensured LimitedICO: Enforcement notice against Smart Home Ensured over marketing calls Order
The ICO issued an enforcement notice to Smart Home Ensured Limited. The ICO found that between July and August 2023 the company made 14,508 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers that had been registered with the Telephone Preference Service for at least 28 days. The notice requires the company to stop such calls. The notice is an enforcement notice and does not impose a fine.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- ICO Enforcement: Smart Home Ensured Limited. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Enforcement Notice: Smart Home Ensured Limited (19 February 2025) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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18 Feb 2025 Metro Inc.Metro: CAI bans facial recognition database against shoplifting Order
In 2024 Metro notified the Commission d'accès à l'information (CAI, Quebec's access to information and privacy commission) of a pilot project in which people entering stores of the Metro, Super C and Jean Coutu banners would be matched by facial recognition, using the cameras at entrances and exits, against a biometric database; the database was to hold people involved in shoplifting or fraud incidents that led to police intervention. The CAI treated this as identity verification by means of biometric characteristics, which under s. 44 of the LCCJTI (Quebec Act to establish a legal framework for information technology) requires the express consent of the persons concerned, and prohibited putting the database into service. The decision is being challenged before the Court of Québec. The decision is not final.
In Quebec, biometric facial recognition in retail requires the express consent of the persons concerned, including in pilot projects.
Biometrics and facial recognition for theft prevention in retail
- Authority / court
- Commission d'accès à l'information du Québec (CAI), section de surveillance
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Loi concernant le cadre juridique des technologies de l'information (RLRQ c. C-1.1), Art. 44 und 45; Loi sur la protection des renseignements personnels dans le secteur privé (RLRQ c. P-39.1), Art. 83
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- CAI, section de surveillance: Décision 1037199-S, Metro Inc., 18.02.2025 Decision of an authority
- CAI, section de surveillance: Décision 1037199-S, Metro Inc., 01.04.2026 (Folgeentscheidung, Rn. 5–6: Anfechtung der Entscheidung vom 18.02.2025 vor der Cour du Québec) Decision of an authority
- CAI: Répertoire des décisions rendues par la section de surveillance Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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7 Feb 2025 Trust International Insurance Company (Cyprus) LimitedCyprus: reprimand for Trust International Insurance – accident file given to insurance agent Reprimand or warning
An insurance agent who was himself involved in an accident received, on request, the roadside assistance file from the insurer, including data of the other party to the accident, and subsequently contacted that person. The Επίτροπος Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Commissioner for Personal Data Protection) issued a reprimand because there was no legal basis for the disclosure and internal procedures did not cover this case, and ordered a procedure for data requests from agents and employees.
Own agents or employees are also third parties when they request data in their own matters – this must be governed in the disclosure process.
Disclosure of customer data to agents and colleagues in their own matters
- Authority / court
- Επίτροπος Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Commissioner for Personal Data Protection)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und f, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 32 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Mitigating circumstances
- The company implemented the order
- Απόφαση – Γνωστοποίηση περιστατικού παραβίασης δεδομένων (Trust International Insurance, 07.02.2025) Decision of an authority
- 11/08/2025 Αποφάσεις: Ιανουάριος – Απρίλιος 2025 Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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4 Feb 2025 Glasgow City CouncilICO: Reprimand for Glasgow City Council over late subject access responses Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to Glasgow City Council. The ICO found that between April 2023 and March 2024 the council answered only 45% of subject access requests within the statutory deadline. The ICO found infringements of the requirements to respond on time.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 15(3) UK GDPR; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- ICO Enforcement: Glasgow City Council. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Reprimand: Glasgow City Council Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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3 Feb 2025 City of Edinburgh CouncilICO: Reprimand for City of Edinburgh Council over late subject access responses Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the City of Edinburgh Council. The ICO found that in 2023 the council failed to answer 40% of subject access requests within the one-month statutory deadline. The ICO found infringements of the requirements to respond on time.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 15(3) UK GDPR; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- ICO Enforcement: City of Edinburgh Council. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Reprimand: City of Edinburgh Council Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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29 Jan 2025 Cembra Money Bank AGFDPIC ruling: Cembra Money Bank answered access requests too late and in generic terms Order
From December 2023 to September 2024, Cembra answered 9 of 13 access requests after the 30-day deadline had expired, and responded to all 13 people only with standard letters instead of the data actually processed about them. The Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (Eidgenössischer Datenschutz- und Öffentlichkeitsbeauftragter, EDÖB) required the bank to provide the data subsequently.
Access requests need a process with resources and deadline monitoring – boilerplate text is no substitute for genuine disclosure of data.
Handling access requests
- Authority / court
- Eidgenössischer Datenschutz- und Öffentlichkeitsbeauftragter (EDÖB)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSG Art. 25 Abs. 2 lit. b, Art. 25 Abs. 7
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 1 Jul 2025
- Verfügung des EDÖB gegen die Cembra Money Bank AG Press release of an authority
- Verfügung des EDÖB vom 29. Januar 2025 gegen Cembra Money Bank AG Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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27 Jan 2025 Orange România S.A.Orange Romania: RON 199,020 over an erasure request and excessive ID copies €40,004
After a failed attempt to take out a mobile contract, a person asked for their data to be erased; the provider requested further data and did not reply in full. It had also kept scanned identity documents although they were no longer needed for identification. The ANSPDCP (Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal, Romanian data protection authority) imposed two fines of RON 99,510 each (RON 199,020 in total) and ordered, among other things, training of the staff concerned and deletion of the documents.
Erasure requests need a trained, timely process, and copies of identity documents must not be kept once their purpose has lapsed.
Handling erasure requests; no stockpiling of ID copies
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12 Abs. 3 und 4 i. V. m. Art. 17, Art. 5, 6 und 7 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 27 Jan 2025
Original amount 199,020 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 27 Jan 2025.
- ANSPDCP, Comunicat de presă 27.01.2025 – Sancțiune pentru încălcarea RGPD Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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22 Jan 2025 Kakaopay Corp.Kakao Pay: 5.968 billion KRW for transferring user data to Alipay without consent €3.99m
Kakaopay Corp. transferred data on all users three times in 2018 and, from June 2019 to May 2024, data on around 40 million users every day without consent to Alipay in Singapore, which used it to calculate for Apple a score for the likelihood of insufficient funds on bundled App Store payments (NSF score). The authority treated this as an unlawful transfer abroad, imposed a penalty surcharge of 5,968,000,000 KRW and ordered remediation and publication of the decision on the company’s website. In separate decisions on the same day Apple received a penalty surcharge of 2,405,000,000 KRW and an administrative fine of 2,200,000 KRW, and Alipay was ordered to delete the scoring model.
Anyone passing customer data to a partner’s foreign service provider must check whether this is a transfer requiring consent and limit the data to what is necessary.
Data sharing with partners’ foreign service providers
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · International data transfers
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법) Art. 28-8(1); Sanktion nach Art. 64-2(1) Nr. 9
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Mitigating circumstances
- Reduction of 30% for completed remediation, cooperation and ISMS-P certification; increase of 50% because the infringement lasted more than two years (June 2019 to May 2024).
- Published
- 23 Jan 2025
Original amount 5,968,000,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 22 Jan 2025.
- PIPC, 심의·의결서 제2025-001-002호 (㈜카카오페이), 22.01.2025 Decision of an authority
- PIPC, Entscheidungsdatenbank (위원회 결정문), Eintrag 2024조삼0005 등 3건 Enforcement database of an authority
- PIPC-Pressemitteilung vom 23.01.2025: 개인정보 무단 국외 이전한 카카오페이·애플에 과징금·과태료 부과 Press release of an authority
- PIPC press release (English), 31.01.2025: The PIPC Sanctions Kakao Pay and Apple Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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21 Jan 2025 Užimtumo tarnyba prie Lietuvos Respublikos socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministerijosEmployment service sends Excel file with data of 29,636 clients – 9,000 EUR €9,000
An employee accidentally attached an Excel file containing data of 29,636 clients, including health data, to an e-mail sent to 292 clients. The Valstybinė duomenų apsaugos inspekcija (Lithuanian State Data Protection Inspectorate, VDAI) found that measures to prevent data leakage had not been sufficiently tested and that the employee had not been involved in data classification and had been insufficiently instructed; fine of 9,000 EUR. Date = publication; source: archived copy.
One wrong attachment is enough for a mass data breach – DLP tools only help if all employees are trained and involved.
Checking e-mail attachments, data classification
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Valstybinė duomenų apsaugos inspekcija (VDAI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 24 Abs. 1, Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und d DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 21 Jan 2025
- VDAI, Užimtumo tarnybai skirta bauda, 2025-01-21 (Archivkopie web.archive.org von vdai.lrv.lt) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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20 Jan 2025 Vodafone Romania S.A.Vodafone Romania pays 15,000 EUR for repeated data breaches caused by employees €14,974
Several reported incidents were attributable to employees or service providers: a photo of an invoice sent to third parties, open e-mail distribution lists instead of BCC, a screenshot from the customer application shared via WhatsApp and misdirected invoices. The Romanian data protection authority (ANSPDCP) found insufficient measures to ensure that employees processed data in accordance with instructions and imposed 74,526 lei (15,000 EUR); the company paid. Date = publication of the press release; according to the authority, the investigation was concluded in the previous month.
Many small employee errors add up to an organisational failure – awareness training is mandatory, not optional.
BCC, use of messaging apps, sending customer documents
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 4 i. V. m. Abs. 1 lit. b DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 20 Jan 2025
Original amount 74,526 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 20 Jan 2025.
- ANSPDCP – Comunicat de presă 20.01.2025 (Vodafone Romania S.A.) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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10 Jan 2025 Εθνική Τράπεζα της Ελλάδος Α.Ε. (National Bank of Greece)Greece: 120,000 EUR against National Bank of Greece after misdirected payment via mobile number €120,000
An IRIS transfer made by mobile number via the bank’s app ended up with an uninvolved customer instead of the intended recipient because the number had been assigned incorrectly. By Decision 3/2025, the Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) imposed 100,000 EUR for inaccurate data, insufficient security, lack of data protection by design and failure to notify the data breach, as well as 20,000 EUR for breach of the right of access.
Even a single misdirected payment can be a notifiable data breach – customer complaints must be assessed internally as a possible incident.
Recognising and reporting data breaches
- Authority / court
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. d und f, Art. 15, 25, 32, 33, 34 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Απόφαση 3/2025 της Αρχής Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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8 Jan 2025 National Court Administration (법원행정처)Court administration: 213 million KRW after theft of 1,014 GB of case files €141,669
Through a port between the internal and external networks that had been opened for convenience, attackers entered the e-litigation server of the National Court Administration and took 1,014 GB of case documents; the 4.7 GB that were recovered contained data on 17,998 people, including resident registration numbers. The authority criticised unencrypted documents, unchanged, easily guessed initial passwords on administrator accounts, missing security software on one server and a report only in December 2023, although there had been indications of the leak since April 2023. It imposed a penalty surcharge of 207,000,000 KRW and an administrative fine of 6,000,000 KRW (213,000,000 KRW in total), recommended disciplinary action and improvements and is publishing the imposition of the administrative fine on its website for one year.
Public bodies too must change initial passwords, close unnecessary network crossings and report a detected data leak without delay.
Initial passwords and timely incident reporting
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법) Art. 24(3), Art. 24-2(2), Art. 29, Art. 34(1) und (3); Sanktion nach Art. 34-2 a. F.
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- After an increase of 20%, the amount was reduced by 25%, taking into account protective efforts such as an ISMS certification (2020–2023).
- Liability of senior managers
- Measures against individuals are not set out here.
- Published
- 9 Jan 2025
Original amount 213,000,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 8 Jan 2025.
- PIPC, 심의·의결서 제2025-001-001호 (법원행정처), 08.01.2025 Decision of an authority
- PIPC, Entscheidungsdatenbank (위원회 결정문), Eintrag 2023조총0053 Enforcement database of an authority
- PIPC-Pressemitteilung vom 09.01.2025: 주민등록번호 유출과 안전조치 의무 위반한 법원행정처 제재 Press release of an authority
- PIPC press release (English), 10.01.2025: PIPC Sanctions National Court Administration Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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6 Jan 2025 Luxembourg credit institution: 175,000 EUR for late responses to data subject requests €175,000
Following 47 complaints, the Commission nationale pour la protection des données (Luxembourg data protection authority, CNPD) found that a Luxembourg credit institution (pseudonymised in the decision as ‘Société A’) had not responded to data subjects’ requests on time; the CNPD did not accept the reference to the COVID-19 pandemic. It issued a reprimand (rappel à l’ordre) and imposed 175,000 EUR.
Data subject requests require deadline tracking and a monitored DPO mailbox – staff shortages are no excuse.
Deadlines for data subject requests
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale pour la protection des données (CNPD) – formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 12 Abs. 3 und 4
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- CNPD – Délibération n° 1FR/2025 du 6 janvier 2025 (Société A) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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27 Dec 2024 Callcenter (anonymisiert)BNetzA: €225,000 fine on call centre over sales calls for electricity and gas contracts €225,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined a call centre marketing electricity and gas supply contracts 225,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. According to the agency, the share of complaints about energy sales calls fell in 2024, partly because of its large-scale proceedings in the energy sector.
Call centres need verifiable consent for every number they dial and must honour requests to stop calling immediately.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Bundesnetzagentur, Maßnahmen gegen unerlaubte Telefonwerbung mit Archiv-Übersicht der Bußgelder ab 2017 (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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23 Dec 2024 Eurolife LtdCyprus: reprimand for insurer Eurolife – unsealed dismissal letter delivered to father Reprimand or warning
A courier of the insurer delivered an employee’s dismissal letter unsealed to his parents’ home and, when the father refused to accept it, left it there, so that third parties could read its contents. The Επίτροπος Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Commissioner for Personal Data Protection) issued a reprimand for breaches of lawfulness, confidentiality and accountability and ordered the delivery procedure for dismissal letters to be revised within one month.
HR letters such as dismissals must be sealed and delivered only to the person concerned – couriers need clear instructions.
Confidential delivery of HR correspondence
- Authority / court
- Επίτροπος Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Commissioner for Personal Data Protection)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und f, Art. 6, Art. 24 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Απόφαση – Παράπονο vs Eurolife Ltd (23.12.2024) Decision of an authority
- 28/03/2025 Αποφάσεις: Οκτώβριος – Δεκέμβριος 2024 Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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20 Dec 2024 Profisportorganisation, Spanien (anonymisiert)AEPD: EUR 1 million fine on a sports organisation over biometric access control without a valid DPIA €1m
A Spanish professional sports organisation required its members to control access to certain spectator areas biometrically without first carrying out a valid data protection impact assessment. The Spanish data protection authority AEPD imposed a fine of EUR 1 million for breaching Art. 35 GDPR and ordered the biometric processing to be suspended until a proper impact assessment is in place.
Anyone imposing biometric systems on others is itself a controller and must assess necessity and risks beforehand.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 35 DSGVO (Art. 83 Abs. 4 lit. a DSGVO)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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19 Dec 2024 Danske Shoppingcentre P/SDanske Shoppingcentre: 350,000 DKK for camera above urinal in City2 shopping centre €46,909
Because of vandalism, the operator of the City2 shopping centre had installed cameras in toilet areas; one camera in the men’s toilets also captured the area in front of the urinal despite a black masking, and there were no signs. The court followed the Danish Data Protection Agency (Datatilsynet) and the public prosecutor and imposed 350,000 DKK for breach of the data minimisation principle.
Cameras have virtually no place in toilet and changing areas – masking parts of the image is no substitute for checking the location.
- Authority / court
- Retten i Glostrup (auf Anzeige der Datatilsynet)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. c; databeskyttelsesloven § 41; tv-overvågningsloven
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
Original amount 350,000 DKK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 19 Dec 2024.
- Datatilsynet – Danske Shoppingcentre indstilles til bøde (mit Ausgang des Verfahrens) Press release of an authority
- Domsdatabasen – Retten i Glostrup SS-9747/2023-GLO, Dom 19.12.2024 Court decision
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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19 Dec 2024 CNIL: 40,000 EUR against estate agency over constant video surveillance of staff €40,000
An estate agency (name redacted in the publication) continuously filmed workstations and break areas with image and sound, accessible via a smartphone app, and used the software Time Doctor to record keyboard and mouse activity as well as screenshots of the computers; several people accessed this data via the administrator account of one of them. The French data protection authority (CNIL) found infringements of data minimisation, legal basis, information, security and the obligation to carry out an impact assessment, and imposed 40,000 EUR.
Permanent video and audio recording of workplaces is practically never proportionate – not even in a small business.
Permissible employee monitoring and password security
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. c, Art. 6, 12, 13, 32, 35 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
- Délibération SAN-2024-021 du 19 décembre 2024 Decision of an authority
- CNIL – Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Eintrag 19/12/2024, agence immobilière) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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19 Dec 2024 Worldcoin FoundationBayLDA: reprimand and erasure orders against Worldcoin over iris codes Order
Following an investigation of the iris-scanning service begun in 2023, the BayLDA (Bavarian data protection authority for the private sector) issued a decision agreed at European level against the Worldcoin Foundation: a reprimand because iris codes had for a time been stored in plain text, and orders to erase certain iris codes and SMPC shares collected without an adequate legal basis, to provide a GDPR-compliant erasure procedure and to obtain explicit consent. The company has challenged the decision in court; a fine is to be decided separately.
Biometric features cannot be reset – processing them requires explicit consent, secure storage and a working erasure procedure.
Biometric data: consent, erasure and security
- Authority / court
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Datenschutzaufsicht (BayLDA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. b, d, f, g DSGVO i. V. m. Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 9 Abs. 1, Art. 17 Abs. 1 und Art. 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 19 Dec 2024
- BayLDA-Pressemitteilung 19.12.2024: Erste Ergebnisse der Worldcoin-Untersuchung Press release of an authority
- BayLDA-Bescheid gegen die Worldcoin Foundation (englische Fassung, veröffentlicht im EDPB-Register der Art.-60-Entscheidungen) Decision of an authority
- BayLDA Tätigkeitsbericht 2024, Kap. 14.1 Worldcoin-Untersuchung (Klage des Unternehmens) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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18 Dec 2024 Bank, Polen (anonymisiert)UODO: PLN 576,220 for a bank over a non-independent DPO and no DPIA on scoring €135,333
The data protection officer of a bank in Poland did not report directly to the bank's management but to a department director who was also responsible for processing operations; in addition, the profiling used for credit scoring was missing from the record of processing activities and from a data protection impact assessment. The Polish data protection authority UODO imposed fines of PLN 261,918 and PLN 314,302, totalling PLN 576,220.
The data protection officer must report directly to senior management, and scoring-related profiling must be covered in the record of processing and in a DPIA.
Independence of the data protection officer and impact assessment for profiling
- Authority / court
- Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych (UODO)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 38 Abs. 3, Art. 30 Abs. 1, Art. 35 Abs. 1 und 7 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 20 Jan 2025
Original amount 576,220 PLN, converted at the ECB reference rate of 18 Dec 2024.
- UODO, Entscheidungsdatenbank (Suche) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
- UODO, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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17 Dec 2024 Meta Platforms Ireland LimitedIreland: 251 million EUR against Meta over data breach and deficient notification €251m
In 2018, attackers exploited a flaw in the ‘View As’ feature and gained access to around 29 million accounts, of which around 3 million were in the EEA. Ireland's Data Protection Commission (DPC) imposed 8 million EUR (Art. 33(3)) and 3 million EUR (Art. 33(5)) for incomplete notification and documentation, as well as 130 million EUR and 110 million EUR for infringements of data protection by design (Art. 25(1) and (2)).
Make data breach notifications complete, and document every breach internally in a traceable manner.
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 33 Abs. 3 und 5, Art. 25 Abs. 1 und 2
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 17 Dec 2024
- Irish Data Protection Commission fines Meta €251 Million Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 3 · Direct link
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17 Dec 2024 Sambla Group OySambla Group: 950,000 EUR – loan applications accessible via unprotected links €950,000
On the loan comparison portals lainaparkki.fi and rahoitu.fi, application data (including income, housing costs, marital status, children) could be accessed by anyone who knew the personal customer link; the links were targeted by phishing and data reached third parties. The sanctions board of the Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto (Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman) imposed 950,000 EUR and ordered the data subjects to be notified.
Personal links are not access protection – sensitive customer data requires authentication and regular security testing.
- Authority / court
- Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto – seuraamuskollegio (Datenschutzbeauftragter, Sanktionsgremium)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 25, Art. 32
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 20 Dec 2024
- Tietosuojavaltuutettu – Sambla Groupille seuraamusmaksu (20.12.2024) Press release of an authority
- Finlex – Tietosuojavaltuutettu 17.12.2024 (lainanvertailupalvelu) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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17 Dec 2024 Krankenhaus (anonymisiert)Hospital after ransomware: fine cut by court from €200,000 to €50,000 €50,000
Following a ransomware attack in 2021 – the second after an attack in 2019 – the Litigation Chamber found that a Belgian hospital had, among other things, no data protection impact assessment, no effective information security policy, no adequate procedure for security updates of its software and no genuine training and awareness programme for staff. On 17 December 2024 it imposed a fine of 200,000 EUR, ordered remedial measures and rejected the argument that, as a public body, the hospital could not be fined. On 3 September 2025 the Market Court partially annulled the decision and reduced the fine to 50,000 EUR; the data protection authority has lodged an appeal in cassation against that judgment. The decision is not final. The amount and the facts have not been confirmed against the primary source.
A single phishing training session or the participation of a few employees in exercises does not replace regular data protection and security training for all hospital staff.
Security awareness and data protection training for all hospital staff
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Autorité de protection des données / Gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit (APD/GBA) – Chambre Contentieuse
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 24, Art. 32 und Art. 35 Abs. 3 DSGVO; Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d und i sowie Art. 83 DSGVO; Art. 100 § 1 9° und 13° sowie Art. 101 LCA
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- The Chamber reduced the starting amount of 390,000 EUR to 200,000 EUR, mainly because of the hospital's financial difficulties, the Covid-19 crisis as a mitigating circumstance and a reassessed duration of the infringement.
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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17 Dec 2024 Meta Platforms, Inc.Meta: 50 million AUD payment programme for Australians affected by Cambridge Analytica Other
To end the civil penalty proceedings pending before the Federal Court since March 2020, the Australian Information Commissioner accepted an enforceable undertaking from Meta Platforms under which Meta sets up a payment programme of 50 million AUD for Australian Facebook users whose data may have been disclosed to the app “This is Your Digital Life”. The regulator said Meta had allegedly committed serious or repeated breaches of APP 6.1 and 11.1; the undertaking was given without any admission of liability, and the proceedings were withdrawn. Unused funds go to the Commonwealth budget; Meta also contributed to the regulator's legal costs.
Platforms must control which data third-party apps can access about users and their contacts.
Controlling third-party app access to data through interfaces
- Authority / court
- Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Regulatory Powers (Standard Provisions) Act 2014 (Cth) s 114; Vorwurf: Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) s 13G i. V. m. APP 6.1 und 11.1
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Mitigating circumstances
- According to the undertaking, Meta no longer allows third-party apps to access data of Facebook friends who have not installed and authorised the app themselves, has reduced the data fields available, introduced more granular permissions and regularly checks app developers.
- Published
- 17 Dec 2024
- OAIC: Landmark settlement of $50m from Meta for Australian users impacted by Cambridge Analytica incident (17.12.2024) Press release of an authority
- OAIC: Meta Platforms, Inc.: enforceable undertaking (17 December 2024) Official register or notice
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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16 Dec 2024 Aktiebolaget Trav och GaloppATG: reprimand over misleadingly designed cookie banner Reprimand or warning
Following a complaint – one of several complaints about cookie banners lodged with European data protection authorities – the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY) found that the betting operator did not make withdrawing consent as easy as giving it and, through the misleading design of the banner (choice of colours, contrast, rejection only as a link), made informed, freely given consent more difficult. IMY issued a reprimand; ATG had since changed the banner.
Rejecting must be as easy as accepting: colour, contrast and link placement in the cookie banner must not steer the decision.
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 6, Art. 7 Abs. 3
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- IMY – Tillsyn Aktiebolaget Trav och Galopp Decision of an authority
- IMY – Beslut efter tillsyn, IMY-2023-16453 (16.12.2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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13 Dec 2024 United Lincolnshire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustICO: Reprimand for United Lincolnshire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust over late subject access responses Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to United Lincolnshire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. The ICO found that between March 2021 and March 2022 the trust failed to answer 32% of subject access requests within the one-month statutory deadline. The ICO found infringements of the requirements to respond on time.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 15(3) UK GDPR; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Employees
- 1,000 to 9,999
- ICO Enforcement: United Lincolnshire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Reprimand: United Lincolnshire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (13 December 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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12 Dec 2024 Großbank, Spanien (anonymisiert)AEPD: EUR 3.5 million fine on a major bank as an authorised person could view another account €3.5m
A person authorised for only two of the accounts of a customer of a major Spanish bank was able, in online banking, to view the financial information of a joint account held by the customer with another co-holder, for which that person had no authorisation. The Spanish data protection authority AEPD imposed EUR 500,000 (Art. 5(1)(f)) and EUR 3,000,000 for lack of data protection by design (Art. 25), EUR 3,500,000 in total, dropped the Art. 32 charge and ordered adjustments; the request for reconsideration was dismissed.
Online banking permissions must be cleanly separated per account; an authorisation must not extend to other people's products.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 25 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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11 Dec 2024 Hyundai Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.Hyundai Marine & Fire: 6.198 billion KRW for manipulative consent pop-up €4.12m
Hyundai Marine & Fire Insurance showed users of its online car insurance premium calculator who had declined consent to product marketing a further pop-up, swapped the effect of its buttons in July 2022 and mentioned neither the processing of data nor the mandatory information in it; the consents obtained in this way were invalid, and other insurers copied the pattern. The authority imposed a penalty surcharge of 6,198,000,000 KRW and ordered lawful consent, deletion of data from abandoned premium calculations and stronger internal controls with independent powers for the chief privacy officer. In the same session eleven further direct insurers were sanctioned, including AXA General Insurance (2,715,000,000 KRW) and Hana Insurance (273,000,000 KRW). The amount and the facts have not been confirmed against the primary source.
A refusal that is turned into consent by a second pop-up is not valid consent – consent flows belong with the data protection officer before launch.
Dark patterns in marketing consent
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법, frühere Fassung) Art. 39-3(1), Art. 31(2), Art. 21(1); Sanktion nach Art. 39-15(1) Nr. 6 a. F.
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- Reduction of 50% because no penalty had been imposed in the preceding three years, a further 30% for reasons including cooperation with the investigation and finally 40% following the Commission’s deliberations; increase of 25% because the infringement lasted from July 2022 to September 2023.
- Liability of senior managers
- Marketing and direct sales were able to design the consent flow without any involvement of the chief privacy officer (CPO); the authority found a breach of former Art. 31(2) and ordered that the CPO be given independent powers.
- Published
- 12 Dec 2024
Original amount 6,198,000,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 11 Dec 2024.
- PIPC, 심의·의결서 제2024-021-251호 (현대해상화재보험㈜), 11.12.2024 Decision of an authority
- PIPC, Entscheidungsdatenbank (위원회 결정문), Eintrag 202308조일0074~0085 (제2024-021-249~260호) Enforcement database of an authority
- PIPC-Pressemitteilung vom 12.12.2024: 다이렉트 자동차보험 판매 12개 손해보험사 제재처분 Press release of an authority
- PIPC press release (English), 13.12.2024: PIPC Sanctions Twelve General Insurance Companies Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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11 Dec 2024 Granit Bostad Beritsholm ABGranit Bostad Beritsholm: 200,000 SEK for round-the-clock video surveillance in a block of flats €17,366
The landlord monitored a multi-family building in Malmö around the clock with cameras at entrances, lifts, flat doors, in the stairwell, the basement and the refuse room, without any legal basis for doing so; the signs did not name the controller. The Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY) imposed 200,000 SEK and ordered the landlord to stop the surveillance except in the garage and to supplement the signs.
Video surveillance in residential buildings requires a balancing of interests for each individual area – problems such as vandalism do not justify blanket, permanent surveillance.
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 13
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
- Published
- 12 Dec 2024
Original amount 200,000 SEK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 11 Dec 2024.
- IMY – Tillsyn Granit Bostad Beritsholm AB Decision of an authority
- IMY – Beslut efter tillsyn, IMY-2023-15373 (11.12.2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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10 Dec 2024 Versicherer, Spanien (anonymisiert)AEPD: EUR 4m fine for an insurer after access via a broker account €4m
Following several complaints about a data breach, the Spanish data protection authority AEPD found that an attacker using an insurance broker's credentials was able to access extensive data held by an insurer, including on former customers, because basic security measures, separation of datasets and an impact assessment were lacking. Fines of 1,000,000 EUR (Art. 5(1)(f)), 1,000,000 EUR (Art. 32), 2,000,000 EUR (Art. 25) and 1,000,000 EUR (Art. 35) were set, 5,000,000 EUR in total; after voluntary payment without admission of liability, 4,000,000 EUR became payable.
External accounts such as those of brokers need strong authentication and must only reach the data that is actually required.
Securing intermediary and partner accounts
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, 25, 32, 35 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Mitigating circumstances
- 20% reduction for voluntary payment (Art. 85 LPACAP), without admission of liability.
- Published
- 13 May 2025
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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5 Dec 2024 Betreiber von Kredit-Websites, UK (anonymisiert)ICO: £200,000 fine for a loan website operator over marketing texts €241,546
The ICO fined a small UK company operating loan websites £200,000 and issued an enforcement notice. According to the ICO, between September 2022 and December 2023, 37,977 complaints were received about marketing messages that it found were sent at the company's instigation without valid consent and in some cases without identifying the sender. Early payment reduces the penalty to £160,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 22 und 23 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998; section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
Original amount 200,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 5 Dec 2024.
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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5 Dec 2024 KasprCNIL: €240,000 fine for Kaspr over harvesting LinkedIn contact details €240,000
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined Kaspr, provider of a paid Chrome extension that displays business contact details for LinkedIn profiles, EUR 240,000 and issued an order subject to a penalty payment of EUR 10,000 per day. The company had also collected contact details of users who had restricted their visibility, restarted the five-year retention period with every profile update, informed data subjects only from 2022 and only in English, and answered access requests inadequately (Art. 5(1)(e), 6, 12, 14 and 15 GDPR).
Publicly accessible profiles are not a free pass: users' visibility settings limit what data providers may lawfully collect.
Collecting contact data from social networks
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e, 6, 12, 14 und 15 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Employees
- Under 50
- Culpability
- negligent
- Published
- 19 Dec 2024
- CNIL: Aspiration de données : sanction de 240 000 euros à l'encontre de la société KASPR (19.12.2024) Press release of an authority
- Délibération de la formation restreinte n° SAN-2024-020 du 5 décembre 2024 concernant la société KASPR Decision of an authority
- CNIL: Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Liste, Stand 14.04.2026) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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5 Dec 2024 Breathe Services LtdICO: £170,000 fine for Breathe Services over millions of marketing calls with spoofed numbers €205,314
The ICO fined the Bolton-based debt advice company Breathe Services Ltd £170,000 and issued an enforcement notice. The ICO found that in 2022 the company made more than 4.3 million marketing calls to numbers registered with the Telephone Preference Service, presenting over 1,000 different caller numbers to hide its identity. The ICO had searched its premises in 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998; section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
Original amount 170,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 5 Dec 2024.
- ICO Enforcement: Breathe Services Ltd (MPN). Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: Breathe Services Ltd (5 December 2024) Decision of an authority
- Enforcement Notice: Breathe Services Ltd (5 December 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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5 Dec 2024 Money Bubble LtdICO: £120,000 fine for Money Bubble over unwanted marketing calls €144,928
The ICO fined Money Bubble Ltd £120,000 and issued an enforcement notice. The ICO found that in October and November 2022 the company made around 169,000 marketing calls to numbers registered with the Telephone Preference Service without being able to show consent; complaints were made to the ICO and the TPS. Early payment reduces the penalty to £96,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998; section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 120,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 5 Dec 2024.
- ICO Enforcement: Money Bubble Ltd (MPN). Enthält Informationen des Information Commissioner's Office, lizenziert unter der Open Government Licence v3.0. Enforcement database of an authority
- Monetary Penalty Notice: Money Bubble Ltd (5 December 2024) Decision of an authority
- Enforcement Notice: Money Bubble Ltd (5 December 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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28 Nov 2024 FreedelityFreedelity: orders with penalty payments over reading identity card data Order
Following an investigation opened on its own initiative, the Litigation Chamber found that Freedelity, a provider of shared customer data for retailers, could not demonstrate valid consent, did not sufficiently facilitate its withdrawal and collected more data from consumers' electronic identity cards than necessary. Instead of a fine, it ordered, among other things, valid consent procedures, an end to the collection of unnecessary identity card data together with its erasure and a maximum retention period of three years after the last activity, each backed by a penalty payment of 1,000 EUR per day of delay (5,000 EUR if none of the orders is complied with), capped at 100,000 EUR in total. The Market Court upheld the decision on 18 June 2025 except for the compliance deadlines; Freedelity has lodged an appeal in cassation. The decision is not final. The amount and the facts have not been confirmed against the primary source.
Reading identity cards for loyalty cards requires strict data minimisation and demonstrable consent that is easy to withdraw.
Consent and data minimisation in loyalty programmes and when reading identity cards
- Authority / court
- Autorité de protection des données / Gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit (APD/GBA) – Chambre Contentieuse
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 4 Nr. 11, Art. 5, 6, 7, 24 und 25 DSGVO; Art. 100 § 1 9°, 10° und 12° LCA
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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27 Nov 2024 Lyngby-Taarbæk KommuneLyngby-Taarbæk: police report with proposed fine over missing MFA and legacy accounts Other
At least 1,000 former employees retained access after leaving to the KMD Nexus specialist system containing data on around 30,000 citizens; one former employee viewed 1,022 citizen records. In addition, an unauthorised person used an employee's login credentials for Office services containing information on around 5,000 people – both systems had been accessible from the internet for years without multi-factor authentication. The Danish data protection authority (Datatilsynet) reported the municipality to the police and proposed a fine of 350,000 to 400,000 DKK; the case is still pending before the courts, and no fine has been imposed so far.
Revoke access immediately when employees leave, and protect remote access with multi-factor authentication.
Offboarding, access rights and multi-factor authentication
- Authority / court
- Datatilsynet
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 27 Nov 2024
- Datatilsynet anmelder Lyngby-Taarbæk Kommune til politiet Decision of an authority
- Datatilsynet: Bødesager (Lyngby-Taarbæk Kommune unter „Sager, der fortsat verserer“) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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26 Nov 2024 Netflix International B.V.AP: 4.75 million EUR against Netflix over insufficient privacy information €4.75m
Between 2018 and 2020, Netflix did not adequately inform customers about what happens to their data, and the information available was partly unclear. The Dutch supervisory authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, AP) imposed 4.75 million EUR; Netflix has since revised its privacy statement.
Privacy notices must be complete and comprehensible – and responses to customer requests must also be specific rather than generic.
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a i. V. m. Art. 12 Abs. 1, Art. 13 Abs. 1 lit. c, e, f und Abs. 2 lit. a, Art. 15 Abs. 1 lit. a, c, d und Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Mitigating circumstances
- The privacy statement and the information provided were subsequently improved.
- Published
- 18 Dec 2024
- Boete Netflix (Besluit van 26 november 2024) Decision of an authority
- AP – Boete Netflix voor niet goed informeren klanten Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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26 Nov 2024 CMC Certus Management Consultants LtdCyprus: 4,000 EUR against visa service provider CMC Certus – client documents on Scribd €4,000
Without informing them, the residence permit consultancy sent a client couple’s marriage certificate and proof of salary to a sister company in Georgia for translation; the documents subsequently appeared publicly on the Scribd platform. The Επίτροπος Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Commissioner for Personal Data Protection) imposed 2,000 EUR each for an impermissible transfer to a third country and for lack of security measures, as well as a reprimand for insufficient cooperation.
Translation by a group company in a third country is also a data transfer – requiring safeguards, information and confidentiality rules.
Passing client documents on to translators and group companies
- Authority / court
- Επίτροπος Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Commissioner for Personal Data Protection)
- Area of law
- Data protection · International data transfers
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 31, Art. 44 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Decision – Complaint against CMC Certus Management Consultants Ltd (26.11.2024) Decision of an authority
- 28/03/2025 Αποφάσεις: Οκτώβριος – Δεκέμβριος 2024 Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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26 Nov 2024 Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap (Nationaal Archief)AP: formal warning to culture ministry over putting the CABR archive online Reprimand or warning
The Nationaal Archief (Dutch National Archives) planned to publish the archive of the post-war special jurisdiction (CABR), with some 485,000 files on suspected collaboration, online and full-text searchable for everyone from January 2025. Because, in the AP's assessment, this would have disclosed special category and criminal data of people still alive without any statutory exemption, the AP (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Dutch data protection authority) issued a formal warning to the Minister of Education, Culture and Science as controller.
Before digitising sensitive holdings and putting them online, check whether a statutory basis supports publication also for people concerned who are still alive.
Publishing historical archives containing sensitive data of living persons
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- DSGVO (AVG), insbesondere Art. 9 und 10; förmliche Warnung vor einer voraussichtlich rechtswidrigen Verarbeitung
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 6 Dec 2024
- AP – Formele waarschuwing Nationaal Archief (Dokumentseite) Decision of an authority
- AP – Formele waarschuwing CABR an den Minister van OCW, 26 november 2024 Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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20 Nov 2024 Einzelhändler für Telekommunikationsgeräte (anonymisiert)Luxembourg telecoms retailer: EUR 2,300 and camera removal over staff monitoring €2,300
The CNPD (Luxembourg data protection authority) fined a Luxembourg limited company selling telecoms equipment in specialist shops EUR 2,300 and ordered it to remove two cameras that permanently filmed employees' office workstations and to delete their recordings. It also found no legal basis, insufficient information, excessive retention and security shortcomings; the company's data protection guide had to be supplemented with the legal basis.
Cameras that permanently film workstations can hardly be justified by protecting property – define angles of view and legal basis beforehand.
Video surveillance of workplaces
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale pour la protection des données (CNPD), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 6(1), 5(1)(a) i. V. m. 13(1) und (2), 5(2) i. V. m. 24(1), 5(1)(e) und 32(1) DSGVO; Art. 58(2)(d), (f) und 83 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- CNPD Luxembourg, Décisions et sanctions (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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18 Nov 2024 Meta Platforms Ireland Ltd.BGH: loss of control after Facebook scraping can be compensable damage (VI ZR 10/24) Other
Unknown persons had linked data on a very large number of Facebook users to telephone numbers via the contact import function, harvested it and later made it public. Germany's Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof, BGH) ruled that the mere loss of control over one's own data can constitute non-material damage under Art. 82 GDPR, without proof of specific misuse; it considered compensation in the order of 100 EUR legally unobjectionable in the circumstances of the case. The case was referred back to the Higher Regional Court of Cologne (OLG Köln), among other things to examine the default searchability setting in the light of data minimisation.
Data breaches can trigger compensation claims even without proven misuse; with millions of data subjects, this adds up to a mass risk.
- Authority / court
- Bundesgerichtshof (VI. Zivilsenat)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 82 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 18 Nov 2024
- BGH Pressemitteilung Nr. 218/2024 – Leitentscheidung zum Scraping Court press release
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 3 · Direct link
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14 Nov 2024 Orange SACNIL: €50m fine for Orange over adverts between e-mails and cookies €50m
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined Orange SA EUR 50,000,000 because the group displayed adverts looking like genuine e-mails in the inbox of its e-mail service without consent, seen by more than 7.8 million users (Art. L. 34-5 CPCE, the French Post and Electronic Communications Code). In addition, cookies already placed on orange.fr continued to be read after consent had been withdrawn (Art. 82 of the Loi Informatique et Libertés, the French Data Protection Act); for this the CNIL ordered remedial action within three months, subject to a penalty payment of EUR 100,000 per day. Orange has challenged the decision before the Conseil d'État (French supreme administrative court), which on 17 April 2026 referred to the Conseil constitutionnel (French Constitutional Council) the question whether Art. L. 34-5 CPCE is constitutional.
Advertising slots that look like personal e-mails count as direct marketing by e-mail and require prior consent.
Adverts in the inbox and withdrawal of cookie consent
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. L. 34-5 Code des postes et des communications électroniques (CPCE); Art. 82 Loi n° 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978 (Loi Informatique et Libertés)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Orange had discontinued the criticised ad format in November 2023; the new format clearly distinguishes adverts from e-mails.
- Published
- 10 Dec 2024
- CNIL: Publicités insérées entre les courriels : sanction de 50 millions d'euros à l'encontre de la société ORANGE (10.12.2024) Press release of an authority
- Délibération de la formation restreinte n° SAN-2024-019 du 14 novembre 2024 concernant la société ORANGE SA Decision of an authority
- Conseil d'État, 17 avril 2026, n° 501268, société Orange SA (renvoi d'une QPC au Conseil constitutionnel) Court decision
- CNIL: Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Liste, Stand 14.04.2026) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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13 Nov 2024 Foodinho S.r.l. (Glovo-Gruppe)Garante: 5 million EUR against Glovo subsidiary Foodinho over monitoring of riders €5m
The delivery platform unlawfully processed data on more than 35,000 riders: facial recognition for identity verification, location tracking even outside working hours and automated assessments without human review. Foodinho had already been sanctioned with 2.6 million EUR in 2021; in addition to 5 million EUR, the Italian data protection authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) prohibited the biometric processing.
Algorithmic management of workers requires transparency and human review, and must not include tracking outside working hours.
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- DSGVO (u. a. Transparenz, biometrische Daten, automatisierte Entscheidungen)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Repeat case
- yes
- Published
- 22 Nov 2024
- Rider, Garante privacy: no all'algoritmo incontestabile dai lavoratori Press release of an authority
- Garante – Rider: Sanzione di 2,6 milioni di euro a una piattaforma del gruppo Glovo (2021) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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13 Nov 2024 National Amusements, Inc.Cinema operator National Amusements: 250,000 USD over data breach and late notice €235,206
In December 2022 an attacker used an employee's stolen credentials to break into the systems of the cinema operator National Amusements because multi-factor authentication was not enforced for all access routes; data such as social security, passport and account numbers of 82,128 people was affected – according to the company, current and former employees and contractors – of whom 23,365 were in New York, and some of the social security numbers were stored unencrypted. Those affected were only notified on 18 December 2023, more than a year after the incident. Under the Assurance of Discontinuance with the New York Attorney General's office, the company pays 250,000 USD and must introduce, among other things, encryption, password rules, vulnerability testing and an incident response plan. The authority allegedly made the findings set out here; this account is not based on a final judgment.
Employee data also triggers notification duties – notice must not wait until the data review is fully completed.
Multi-factor authentication for all access routes; timely notification of data breaches
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Office of the New York State Attorney General (Bureau of Internet & Technology)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- New York Executive Law § 63(12); New York General Business Law § 899-aa (Benachrichtigung bei Datenpannen) und § 899-bb (SHIELD Act, Datensicherheit)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Other
- Published
- 15 Nov 2024
Original amount 250,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 13 Nov 2024.
- NYAG, In the Matter of National Amusements, Inc., Assurance of Discontinuance No. 24-024 (wirksam 13.11.2024) Decision of an authority
- NYAG-Pressemitteilung: Attorney General James Secures $250,000 from Movie Theater Operator for Failing to Protect Employees' Personal Information (15.11.2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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13 Nov 2024 Electoral Commission of South Africa (IEC)Information Regulator: ZAR 100,000 against the Electoral Commission after candidate list leak €5,224
After candidate lists for the 2024 elections were released without authorisation, the Information Regulator found inadequate organisational safeguards and issued an enforcement notice on 10 September 2024. Because the Electoral Commission did not demonstrate compliance within the deadline (31 days), an infringement notice with an administrative fine of ZAR 100,000 followed.
After a data breach, remediation alone is not enough; compliance must also be demonstrated to the regulator on time, and missed deadlines lead straight to a fine.
Implementing regulatory remediation orders after a data leak
- Authority / court
- Information Regulator (South Africa)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA); Enforcement Notice und Infringement Notice
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 13 Nov 2024
Original amount 100,000 ZAR, converted at the ECB reference rate of 13 Nov 2024.
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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13 Nov 2024 Posti Jakelu OyPosti: 2.4 million EUR for automatically created e-mailboxes – court annuls fine overturned
Customers who ordered, for example, mail forwarding automatically received an electronic OmaPosti mailbox that could not be deselected separately; they were also informed insufficiently and in part incorrectly about the activation. The sanctions board of the Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto (Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman) found no contractual legal basis for this bundling and imposed 2.4 million EUR together with a reprimand and an order to rectify the situation. On 3 November 2025 the Helsinki Administrative Court upheld the reprimand and the order on account of the insufficient information but annulled the fine, as it considered the processing necessary for the contract on Posti’s electronic services.
Do not sell add-on services on the back of the contractual legal basis – anything not necessary for the main contract requires a separate choice.
- Authority / court
- Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto – seuraamuskollegio (Datenschutzbeauftragter, Sanktionsgremium)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 6 Abs. 1 lit. b, Art. 13, Art. 25
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- overturned
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Published
- 15 Nov 2024
Amount in EUR; no ECB reference rate is available for this currency.
- Tietosuojavaltuutettu – Postille seuraamusmaksu OmaPosti-palvelun tietosuojapuutteista (15.11.2024) Press release of an authority
- Finlex – Tietosuojavaltuutettu 13.11.2024 (sähköinen postilaatikko) Decision of an authority
- Helsingin hallinto-oikeus – kumosi Posti Jakelu Oy:lle määrätyn 2,4 miljoonan euron seuraamusmaksun (03.11.2025) Court press release
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 3 · Direct link
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12 Nov 2024 Hamburger Dienstleister aus dem Forderungsmanagement (anonymisiert)HmbBfDI: €900,000 fine on debt collector for failing to delete debtor data €900,000
During a sector-wide audit of major debt collection firms, the HmbBfDI (Hamburg data protection authority) found on site that a Hamburg service provider had kept a six-figure number of records on debtors without a legal basis until mid-November 2023, in some cases five years beyond the statutory retention period. The company admitted the infringement and accepted the 900,000 EUR fine; its cooperation in dealing with the matter was taken into account.
A deletion policy with fixed retention periods must be in place before data is collected and must actually be applied in the database.
Deletion policy and retention periods
- Authority / court
- Hamburgischer Beauftragter für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit (HmbBfDI)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 6 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Mitigating circumstances
- Infringement admitted, fine accepted, professional cooperation in remedying the matter.
- Published
- 12 Nov 2024
- HmbBfDI 12.11.2024: Branchenweite Schwerpunktprüfung im Forderungsmanagement – 900.000 Euro Bußgeld Press release of an authority
- HmbBfDI-Pressemitteilung 12.11.2024 (PDF) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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12 Nov 2024 Uptime-IT ApSDenmark: 40,000 DKK against IT service provider with unusable backups after ransomware €5,363
As processor for a chiropractic practice, the IT service provider had encrypted backups without securing the key; after a ransomware attack in 2020, patient data including health information and CPR numbers could not be restored. The Danish data protection authority (Datatilsynet) reported the company to the police and proposed 50,000 DKK; the court sentenced it to a fine of 40,000 DKK on 12 November 2024.
A backup only counts if restoration is tested regularly – including access to the keys.
- Authority / court
- Dänisches Gericht auf Anzeige der Datatilsynet
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 DSGVO; Auftragsverarbeitungsvertrag
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
Original amount 40,000 DKK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Nov 2024.
- Databehandler indstillet til bøde (Uptime-IT ApS) Press release of an authority
- Datatilsynet – Bødesager Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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4 Nov 2024 Meta Platforms, Inc.Meta: 21.62 billion KRW for using sensitive data for advertising without consent €14.4m
Through Facebook profiles and usage behaviour, Meta Platforms, Inc. collected sensitive characteristics of around 980,000 users in Korea – such as religion, political views or same-sex marriage – and made advertising topics built on them available to around 4,000 advertisers without obtaining separate consent. Meta also refused access requests without a legitimate reason and left an unused account-recovery page online through which passwords were reset with forged ID documents and data on ten users was obtained. The authority imposed a penalty surcharge of 21,613,000,000 KRW and an administrative fine of 10,200,000 KRW (21,623,200,000 KRW in total) together with corrective orders.
Advertising audiences that reflect religion, political views or sexual orientation rest on sensitive data and require separate consent.
Sensitive data in advertising audiences
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법, frühere Fassung) Art. 23(1), Art. 29, Art. 35(3)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 5 Nov 2024
Original amount 21,623,200,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 4 Nov 2024.
- PIPC-Pressemitteilung vom 05.11.2024: 합법 처리근거 없이 민감정보를 수집·활용한 메타 제재 Press release of an authority
- PIPC-Pressemitteilung vom 05.11.2024 (PDF mit Sanktionstabelle) Press release of an authority
- PIPC press release (English), 07.11.2024: PIPC Sanctions against Meta for Collection and Use of Sensitive Data Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 4 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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30 Oct 2024 Untold SRLUntold SRL fails to answer access and erasure request – 15,000 EUR €14,998
Untold SRL left an access request and an erasure request from a data subject unanswered, even though the data subject had provided all contact details. The Romanian data protection authority (ANSPDCP) imposed 49,741 lei (10,000 EUR) in respect of access and 24,870.5 lei (5,000 EUR) in respect of erasure and ordered staff training. Date = publication of the press release; according to the authority, the investigation was concluded in the previous month.
Data subject requests need a ticketing system with the one-month deadline – seasonal event organisers included.
Timely handling of data subject requests
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12 Abs. 3 und 4, Art. 15, Art. 17 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Published
- 30 Oct 2024
Original amount 74,611.5 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 30 Oct 2024.
- ANSPDCP – Comunicat de presă 30.10.2024 (Untold SRL) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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22 Oct 2024 LinkedIn Ireland Unlimited CompanyDPC: 310 million EUR against LinkedIn over behavioural advertising without a legal basis €310m
LinkedIn analysed data of its members, including data obtained from third parties, for behavioural analysis and targeted advertising without valid consent; legitimate interests and contractual necessity did not apply either. The Data Protection Commission (DPC, the Irish data protection authority) found infringements of the principles of lawfulness, fairness and transparency, issued a reprimand, ordered the processing to be brought into compliance and imposed fines totalling 310 million EUR.
Obtain genuine consent for profiling for advertising purposes – neither “legitimate interests” nor the user contract can serve as the legal basis.
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 6, Art. 13 Abs. 1 lit. c, Art. 14 Abs. 1 lit. c
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 24 Oct 2024
- Irish Data Protection Commission fines LinkedIn Ireland €310 million Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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22 Oct 2024 Telekommunikationsanbieter, Spanien (anonymisiert)AEPD: EUR 1.2m fine for a telecommunications provider over unauthorised SIM duplicates €1.2m
A telecommunications provider issued a duplicate of a customer's SIM card that she had not requested. The Spanish data protection authority AEPD imposed 200,000 EUR for processing without a legal basis (Art. 6) and 1,000,000 EUR because the procedure lacked suitable safeguards against such errors from the outset (Art. 25), 1,200,000 EUR in total, and ordered measures ensuring that duplicates can only be requested by the line holder; the company announced an action before the administrative courts. The decision is not final.
SIM duplicates may only be issued after robust verification of the line holder's identity.
Identity verification for SIM swaps (SIM swapping)
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 6, Art. 25 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Employees
- 1,000 to 9,999
- Published
- 13 May 2025
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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18 Oct 2024 Vilniaus rajono savivaldybės administracijaRansomware attack on Vilnius district administration – data protection fine of 9,000 EUR €9,000
Following a break-in into the district administration’s servers in which data were encrypted, services failed and social benefits were delayed. The Valstybinė duomenų apsaugos inspekcija (Lithuanian State Data Protection Inspectorate, VDAI) found insufficient malware protection, deficient management of rights and passwords, a lack of recovery and insufficient information of data subjects and imposed 9,000 EUR. Date = publication; source: archived copy.
Backups, patch management and password rules are a data protection duty for public authorities too – and data subjects must receive specific advice on protecting themselves.
Password security, ransomware preparedness
- Authority / court
- Valstybinė duomenų apsaugos inspekcija (VDAI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b, c und d, Art. 34 Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 18 Oct 2024
- VDAI, Vilniaus rajono savivaldybės administracijai skirta bauda, 2024-10-18 (Archivkopie web.archive.org) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 2 · Direct link
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16 Oct 2024 DSB: 5,000 EUR against Covid laboratory with managing director as data protection officer €5,000
A limited company operating a diagnostic laboratory (name pseudonymised), which during the pandemic carried out up to 45,000 PCR analyses a day with around 200 employees, had appointed its managing director as data protection officer at the same time. Because of the resulting conflict of interest, the Austrian data protection authority (Datenschutzbehörde, DSB) imposed 5,000 EUR; the penalty decision is final.
Whoever decides on the purposes and means of processing cannot monitor themselves as data protection officer.
- Authority / court
- Datenschutzbehörde (DSB)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 37, Art. 38 Abs. 6 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Employees
- 50 to 249
- Liability of senior managers
- The managing director was also appointed as data protection officer – an impermissible conflict of interest.
- DSB Straferkenntnis GZ 2024-0.641.771 vom 16.10.2024 (RIS) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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14 Oct 2024 an English city councilICO: Reprimand for English city council over hidden staff data in FOI response Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English city council. The ICO found that in a Freedom of Information response published on a public platform in May 2023, a spreadsheet contained hidden personal data of current and former staff, including contact, pay and health details. The error was only noticed months later. The ICO found a breach of the requirement for appropriate data security.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) UK GDPR; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 3 · Company name anonymised since 14 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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1 Oct 2024 a Danish non-profit health organisationNon-profit health organisation: 75,000 DKK after theft of unencrypted laptops €10,057
A Danish non-profit health organisation reported thefts of computers from its offices as well as phishing attacks in 2019 and 2020; according to the Danish Data Protection Agency (Datatilsynet), at least 1,448 people were affected, some with health data. Although the organisation itself had considered multi-factor authentication necessary after an attack in 2018, this and encryption of the computers were lacking. A Danish city court issued a final judgment ordering it to pay 75,000 DKK (Datatilsynet's recommendation and the prosecution's request: 800,000 DKK).
Encrypt mobile devices holding health data; repeated incidents without implementing one's own measures weigh heavily.
Encryption of mobile devices and phishing defence (multi-factor authentication)
- Authority / court
- Københavns Byret (auf Anzeige der Datatilsynet)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 32 Abs. 1; databeskyttelsesloven § 41
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Repeat case
- yes
Original amount 75,000 DKK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 1 Oct 2024.
- Datatilsynet, Entscheidungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
- Domsdatabasen, Urteilsdatenbank (Suche) (Entscheidung 2024) Court decision
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 3 · Company name anonymised since 1 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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30 Sep 2024 an Estonian spa hotelSpa hotel must suspend video surveillance in treatment area Order
Following a tip-off that an Estonian spa hotel was filming also in the treatment area and for monitoring work discipline, and that cameras captured the neighbouring property, the Estonian Data Protection Inspectorate (AKI) ordered the hotel to suspend video surveillance until a sound balancing of interests had been submitted, to stop recording the neighbouring property and to correct the camera information on the website. The hotel had repeatedly let the supervisory authority's deadlines lapse.
Cameras require a documented balancing of interests for each location; performance monitoring of employees is not a permissible purpose.
Video surveillance of employees and guests
- Authority / court
- Andmekaitse Inspektsioon (AKI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- § 56 Abs. 1, § 58 Abs. 1 IKS; Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d und f, Art. 5 Abs. 1, Art. 6 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- AKI, Anordnungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 3 · Company name anonymised since 30 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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26 Sep 2024 an Ireland-based social network operatorIreland: 91 million EUR against social network operator over plaintext passwords €91m
The platform operator stored users' passwords unencrypted in plaintext in internal systems and reported this to Ireland's Data Protection Commission (DPC) in March 2019. The DPC found infringements of the security obligations (Art. 5(1)(f), Art. 32(1)) and of the notification and documentation obligations (Art. 33(1) and (5)), and additionally issued a reprimand.
Never store or log passwords in plaintext – not even in internal systems.
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 Abs. 1, Art. 33 Abs. 1 und 5
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Mitigating circumstances
- According to the DPC, the passwords were not disclosed to external third parties.
- Published
- 27 Sep 2024
- DPC, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 26 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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26 Sep 2024 a Spanish telecommunications companyAEPD: EUR 1.3m fine on a telecommunications company after mass retrieval via an employee portal €1.3m
Through an employee portal of a Spanish telecommunications company that was reachable from the internet and protected only by username and password, unauthorised persons used an employee's user account to retrieve customer data on a large scale; landline numbers and technical and configuration data of customer equipment relating to around 1.4 million people were affected. According to the reasoning of the decision, the Spanish data protection authority AEPD imposed 800,000 EUR for breaching Art. 5(1)(f) GDPR and 500,000 EUR under Art. 32 GDPR, 1,300,000 EUR in total.
Internal portals need retrieval limits and monitoring so that unusual mass queries are noticed immediately.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 26 Dec 2024
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 26 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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26 Sep 2024 a UK police serviceICO: £750,000 against a UK police service after spreadsheet error in FOI response €898,979
In its response to a freedom of information request, a UK police service published an Excel file whose hidden worksheet contained the surnames, initials, rank and role of all its employees. The file was visible for just over two hours and was deleted after almost three hours; the police service assumed that it had fallen into the hands of militant groups.
Before releasing any file, check for hidden sheets, metadata and raw data; a four-eyes approval process prevents such breaches.
Checking files before publication (hidden worksheets)
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- UK GDPR Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 2
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Employees
- 1,000 to 9,999
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Application of the public sector approach; without it, the fine would have been £5.6 million.
- Published
- 3 Oct 2024
Original amount 750,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Sep 2024.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 26 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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26 Sep 2024 a UK tax refund claims companyICO: £120,000 fine for tax refund claims firm over millions of marketing texts €143,837
The ICO fined the company £120,000 and issued an enforcement notice. The ICO found that in 2023 the company sent around 7.9 million unlawful marketing texts within a few months, leading to over 66,000 complaints, most about the lack of an opt-out. According to the ICO, the contact data came from third-party suppliers that had not obtained valid consent.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulations 22 und 23 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998; section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 120,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Sep 2024.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 26 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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24 Sep 2024 a New Zealand aged care providerNew Zealand aged care provider: publicly named for notifying a privacy breach two years late Other
At one of the provider's care facilities, part of a resident's paper file was lost, which came to light during a special audit in August 2021. Although staff considered the incident notifiable and the health board and later the Health and Disability Commissioner (health complaints authority) urged notification, the company only informed the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC, New Zealand's data protection authority) in October 2023. On 24 September 2024 the Privacy Commissioner found a breach of the notification duty and poor document management and named the company publicly.
Every loss of data must be assessed immediately for notifiability – even a single lost health file can be a notifiable breach.
Recognising and notifying privacy breaches on time
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Privacy Act 2020, s 114
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Mitigating circumstances
- Constructive engagement; introduction of an electronic document management system with access controls, staff training, a privacy breach management plan and a revised management structure.
- Published
- 24 Sep 2024
- Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Decision notes (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 24 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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19 Sep 2024 a UK debt advice companyICO: £30,000 fine for debt advice firm over marketing texts €35,734
The ICO fined the company £30,000 and issued an enforcement notice. The ICO found that between April and August 2023 the company sent around 130,000 unsolicited marketing texts, leading to more than 4,000 reports to the 7726 spam reporting service. Early payment reduces the penalty to £24,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998; section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
Original amount 30,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 19 Sep 2024.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 19 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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18 Sep 2024 a UK company making marketing callsICO: £80,000 fine for UK company over marketing calls €94,984
On 18 September 2024 the ICO fined the company £80,000 and issued an enforcement notice. The ICO found that between 1 September 2022 and 31 May 2023 the company made 42,688 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers registered with the Telephone Preference Service (TPS).
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 80,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 18 Sep 2024.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 18 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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18 Sep 2024 a Latvian state university hospitalUniversity hospital refuses information to data protection authority – 2,000 EUR €2,000
The Datu valsts inspekcija (Latvian Data State Inspectorate, DVI) examined several complaints against the state hospital, including about the processing of patient and health data by a physician assistant and about an unanswered access request. Because the hospital did not provide the requested information, the authority imposed 2,000 EUR for breach of the duty to cooperate.
Hospitals need logged access to patient records and a central office that responds to supervisory requests on time.
Access to patient data only where related to treatment
- Authority / court
- Datu valsts inspekcija (DVI)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 58 Abs. 1, Art. 83 Abs. 5 lit. e DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Culpability
- intentional
- DVI, Entscheidungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 18 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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13 Sep 2024 Croatia: 190,000 EUR against specialist hospital after loss of X-ray images without backup €190,000
In 2019, a specialist hospital in the Rijeka area (name not published) irretrievably lost patients’ radiological images because it did not make backup copies, and did not report the incident although management had been informed. The Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (Croatian Personal Data Protection Agency, AZOP) imposed 190,000 EUR, including for a missing data processing agreement, call recordings without a legal basis and failure to involve the data protection officer.
Backups are not a cost factor but an obligation – and a known data loss must be notified within 72 hours.
Notification of data breaches within 72 hours
- Authority / court
- Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (AZOP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e, Art. 6, 12, 13, 28 Abs. 3, 32 Abs. 1 lit. b, 33 Abs. 1, 38 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Published
- 13 Sep 2024
- AZOP, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 13 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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10 Sep 2024 a major US messaging serviceUS messaging service: order to revise its privacy policy for South Africa Order
The regulator found that the messaging service's revised privacy policy applicable in South Africa – unlike the European version – did not set out adequate legal bases and purposes, that consent obtained by making acceptance a condition of use was not voluntary, that sharing data with companies of its own group and third parties amounted to impermissible further processing, and that the service had demonstrated neither compliance with its documentation duty nor appropriate security safeguards. The enforcement notice of 10 September 2024 required the provider, among other things, to bring the policy into line with POPIA, submit a personal information impact assessment and maintain a risk register; according to the regulator (as of 13 November 2025), a court review brought by the provider was resolved by a settlement on additional transparency information, which is to be made an order of court.
Global privacy policies must set out legal bases and purposes for each jurisdiction – agreement required as a condition of use is not voluntary consent.
Voluntary consent and transparent privacy notices
- Authority / court
- Information Regulator (South Africa)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Sections 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 und 19 Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA); Enforcement Notice nach Section 95 POPIA; Section 51 PAIA (Dokumentation)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Information Regulator (South Africa), Veröffentlichung der Behörde (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 8 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 10 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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5 Sep 2024 a French medical practice software providerCNIL: €800,000 fine for medical software provider over health data without authorisation €800,000
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined a French medical software provider EUR 800,000 because patient data were processed via its practice software for a health database without the authorisation required by Art. 66 of the Loi Informatique et Libertés (French Data Protection Act), and because data were also collected from the health insurance teleservice HRi, which only doctors may access (Art. 5(1)(a) GDPR). On 13 February 2026 the Conseil d'État (French supreme administrative court) dismissed the company's appeal and confirmed that the pseudonymised data are personal data because of the risk of re-identification.
Pseudonymised health data remain personal data as long as re-identification is possible with reasonable effort; databases containing them need the prescribed authorisation.
Pseudonymisation and health data
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 66 Loi n° 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978 (Loi Informatique et Libertés); Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- The company filed the required authorisation applications during the proceedings; no order was therefore issued.
- Published
- 12 Sep 2024
- CNIL, Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 5 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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4 Sep 2024 a Canadian printing companyPrinting company: CAI orders end to facial recognition in access control Order
During the pandemic in 2020 the printing company introduced an access control system with facial recognition and temperature checks for its employees, and kept using facial recognition after the temperature function was discontinued in October 2022. The Commission d'accès à l'information (CAI, Quebec's access to information and privacy commission) found that the company had not shown that collecting the biometric data was necessary for access control and ordered it, within 90 days, to stop collecting and using facial recognition and to destroy the biometric templates created.
Biometric access control for employees requires documented evidence that its benefits outweigh the intrusion into privacy.
Biometric access control in the workplace
- Authority / court
- Commission d'accès à l'information du Québec (CAI), section de surveillance
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Loi sur la protection des renseignements personnels dans le secteur privé (RLRQ c. P-39.1), Art. 4 (Notwendigkeit der Erhebung) und Art. 83
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Manufacturing and mechanical engineering
- CAI, Entscheidungen der Überwachungssektion (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 4 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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2 Sep 2024 a UK online betting and gaming operatorICO: Reprimand for online gambling operator over advertising cookies without consent Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a UK online betting and gaming operator (part of an international gambling group). The ICO found that between January and March 2023 the operator's website set third-party advertising cookies on arrival and thus processed visitors' personal data before they had consented. The ICO found processing without a lawful basis and without valid consent.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(a), 6(1)(a) und 7(1) UK GDPR; Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 2 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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29 Aug 2024 a Swedish pharmacy chainSwedish pharmacy chain: SEK 37m for unintended data transfer to Meta via the Meta Pixel €3.26m
The Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY, Swedish data protection authority) fined the pharmacy chain 37,000,000 SEK because, between 19 January 2020 and 25 April 2022, the company had not taken appropriate technical and organisational measures when using the Meta Pixel analytics tool on its website. Through the activated advanced matching function, contact details including personal identity numbers in hashed form, together with details of purchased, partly sensitive products, reached Meta when purchases were made; according to the incident report, an estimated 500,001 to 1,000,000 people were affected. The pharmacy chain learned of this through a tip-off from an outside party; the fine was based on its 2023 annual turnover of 23.27 billion SEK.
Anyone using marketing pixels must check every additional feature before activation for which customer data it transmits to the provider.
Tracking pixels and third-party tools on websites handling sensitive customer data
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1 DSGVO; Art. 58 Abs. 2 und Art. 83 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Mitigating circumstances
- In assessing seriousness, IMY took into account that the data went in hashed form to a single recipient and that security measures were already in place; it treated notification, cooperation and subsequent remediation as neutral.
Original amount 37,000,000 SEK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 29 Aug 2024.
- IMY, Aufsichtsverfahren (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 29 Aug 2026 · Direct link
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28 Aug 2024 a French statistics companyCNIL: €800,000 fine for statistics company over health databases without authorisation €800,000
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined a statistics company belonging to a French corporate group EUR 800,000 because it operated two databases containing health data from medical practices and from pharmacies without the authorisation required by Art. 66 of the Loi Informatique et Libertés (French Data Protection Act); at the end of March 2021 they held data on 13.4 million medical consultations with 4 million patient codes and around 78 million identifiers respectively. On 13 February 2026 the Conseil d'État (French supreme administrative court) dismissed the appeal, holding that the data were only pseudonymised and therefore personal data.
Anyone pooling health data from practice and pharmacy software for statistics cannot rely on pseudonymisation but needs prior authorisation from the supervisory authority.
Pseudonymisation and health data
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 66 Loi n° 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978 (Loi Informatique et Libertés)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- The company filed the required authorisation applications during the proceedings; no order was therefore issued.
- CNIL, Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 28 Aug 2026 · Direct link
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20 Aug 2024 a Polish bankPolish bank: 4.05 million PLN for failing to inform customers after misdirected mailing €950,490
In 2022, an employee of a processor accidentally sent customer documents containing PESEL numbers, identity document, income and credit data to another financial institution; the envelope was returned opened. Despite a notice from the authority, the bank did not notify the data subjects because the recipient was ‘trustworthy’; Poland’s data protection authority (UODO) imposed 4,053,173 PLN and ordered the notification.
Whether data subjects must be informed depends on the risk to them – not on how trustworthy the wrong recipient appears.
Misdirected documents and notification of data subjects
- Authority / court
- Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych (UODO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 34 Abs. 1 und 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 9 Sep 2024
Original amount 4,053,173 PLN, converted at the ECB reference rate of 20 Aug 2024.
- UODO, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
- UODO, Entscheidungsdatenbank (Suche) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 5 · Company name anonymised since 20 Aug 2026 · Direct link
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20 Aug 2024 a UK political partyICO: reprimand for political party over unanswered access and erasure requests Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a UK political party. According to the ICO's findings, the party built up a backlog of subject access requests after a cyber attack in October 2021, and a privacy mailbox that it had stopped monitoring in November 2021 was later found to contain many access and erasure requests with no evidence of a reply. Between November 2021 and November 2022 the ICO received 154 complaints about how the party handled access requests. The ICO found infringements of Articles 12(3), 15(1) and 17(1) UK GDPR; the party has since, among other steps, contacted all 646 people who had sent requests to the unmonitored mailbox. The reprimand itself is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 17(1) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 20 Aug 2026 · Direct link
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16 Aug 2024 DSB: 1.5 million EUR against retail chain over cameras on self-checkouts, PIN pad and surroundings €1.5m
In 2022, a retail company (name pseudonymised) used nine cameras in one branch to film, among other things, the self-service checkouts including the keypad of the card payment terminal, as well as public areas, bus stops and neighbouring properties. The Austrian data protection authority (Datenschutzbehörde, DSB) imposed 1.5 million EUR for lack of a legal basis and infringement of data minimisation; the Federal Administrative Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht, BVwG) confirmed the amount on 25 July 2025, and an appeal on points of law is pending.
Align cameras in retail closely with their protective purpose – PIN entries, public spaces and neighbouring properties must not be in the frame.
- Authority / court
- Datenschutzbehörde (DSB)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und c, Art. 6 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- RIS, Entscheidungen der Datenschutzbehörde (Suche) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 16 Aug 2026 · Direct link
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15 Aug 2024 a UK windows and conservatories companyICO: GBP 40,000 fine for windows company over calls to TPS numbers €46,721
On 15 August 2024 the ICO fined a UK windows and conservatories company GBP 40,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 January and 1 June 2023 the company made 18,280 unsolicited marketing calls to lines that had been on the TPS or CTPS opt-out registers for at least 28 days, without the subscribers having agreed to such calls; eight complaints resulted. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21(1)(b) of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 16 September 2024 reduced the fine to GBP 32,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21(1)(b) PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
Original amount 40,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 15 Aug 2024.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 15 Aug 2026 · Direct link
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13 Aug 2024 a UK company making marketing callsICO: £40,000 fine for UK company over marketing calls €46,807
The ICO fined the company £40,000 and issued an enforcement notice. The ICO found that the company made 5,361 marketing calls to people whose numbers had been registered with the Telephone Preference Service for at least 28 days. Early payment reduces the penalty to £32,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998; section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 40,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 13 Aug 2024.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 13 Aug 2026 · Direct link
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9 Aug 2024 a Brazilian federal ministryANPD: two reprimands for a federal ministry over security flaw in an access system Reprimand or warning
The ANPD issued two reprimands to a Brazilian federal ministry because, through a vulnerability in an application programming interface of its access and permissions system, personal data such as name, date of birth, mother's name and address could be retrieved when valid CPF numbers were queried: one for inadequately informing data subjects about the security incident (Art. 48 LGPD) and one for insufficient security of the systems (Art. 49 LGPD). Corrective measures were attached, including correcting the notice on the website regarding data categories, risks and the reasons for the delayed information, and a timetable for technical measures; the Board of Directors rejected the appeal in December 2025 and confirmed the final implementation deadline of 31 December 2025 set by the enforcement unit.
After a security incident, data subjects must be fully informed about the data potentially exposed, the risks and the reasons for any delay in notification.
Informing data subjects after breaches and securing interfaces
- Authority / court
- Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD), Coordenação-Geral de Fiscalização
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 48 und 49 Lei nº 13.709/2018 (LGPD); Art. 55 § 2 I Regulamento de Fiscalização (Resolução CD/ANPD nº 1/2021)
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 9 Aug 2024
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 9 Aug 2026 · Direct link
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22 Jul 2024 a US ride-hailing company and its Dutch subsidiaryRide-hailing company: 290 million EUR – driver data sent to the USA for two years without a transfer tool €290m
The company stored sensitive data of European drivers – including location, payment and identity document data, and in some cases criminal and health data – on servers in the USA and from August 2021 no longer used any transfer tool. Following complaints from more than 170 French drivers, the Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (Dutch Data Protection Authority, AP) imposed 290 million EUR; it was the AP’s third fine against the company.
Intra-group transfers to headquarters are third-country transfers – anyone who lets a transfer tool lapse transfers data without a legal basis.
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · International data transfers
- Legal basis
- Art. 44 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Repeat case
- yes
- Published
- 26 Aug 2024
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Bußgelder und Sanktionen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 22 Jul 2026 · Direct link
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22 Jul 2024 an academy school in EssexICO: reprimand for school over facial recognition without an impact assessment Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an academy in Essex with around 1,200 pupils aged 11 to 18. According to the ICO's findings, the school introduced facial recognition for cashless catering in March 2023 without first carrying out the required data protection impact assessment, which was only completed in November 2023. Until then it assumed consent unless parents had opted their children out, which in the ICO's view is not valid consent, and it did not seek advice from its data protection officer. The reprimand is based on an infringement of Article 35(1) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 35(1) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 22 Jul 2026 · Direct link
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4 Jul 2024 an Italian printing and mail services providerGarante: EUR 900,000 fine on a service provider after a ransomware attack via a known vulnerability €900,000
In August 2023 an Italian service provider notified a ransomware attack that blocked servers and workstations and affected data of around 25,000 people. The Garante (Italian data protection authority) found that the vulnerabilities exploited had been publicly known since September 2022 and flagged by the software vendor and by the Italian National Cybersecurity Agency (ACN), but the systems had not been updated for almost a year; it imposed a fine of EUR 900,000 and ordered formalised vulnerability management with target values for detection and response times. It dropped the allegation of an infringement of Art. 28 GDPR.
Security updates for publicly known vulnerabilities must be prioritised and installed in a verifiable way.
Patch management and ransomware prevention
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, 25, 32 und 33 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Mitigating circumstances
- Mitigating: cooperation with the authority, updating of the systems and an improvement plan for handling security-critical alerts.
- Published
- 22 Oct 2024
- Garante Privacy, Presse und Kommunikation (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 4 Jul 2026 · Direct link
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2 Jul 2024 a Lithuanian second-hand platformSecond-hand platform pays 2.39 million EUR over ‘shadow banning’ and handling of erasure requests €2.39m
Acting on complaints from France and Poland, the Valstybinė duomenų apsaugos inspekcija (Lithuanian State Data Protection Inspectorate, VDAI) found that the second-hand platform rejected erasure requests when users did not state a ‘specific reason’ under Art. 17 GDPR, throttled users without their knowledge through ‘shadow banning’ and could not demonstrate how it handled access requests. Fine of 2,385,276 EUR.
Covert restrictions on users are non-transparent – and erasure requests must not fail on formalities such as a requirement to give reasons.
- Authority / court
- Valstybinė duomenų apsaugos inspekcija (VDAI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 5 Abs. 2, Art. 12 Abs. 1 und 4 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Published
- 3 Jul 2024
- VDAI (Litauen), Nachrichtenübersicht (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 5 · Company name anonymised since 2 Jul 2026 · Direct link
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2 Jul 2024 a Hungarian supermarket chainHungarian supermarket chain: HUF 80m for recording dates of birth at alcohol purchases €202,224
When customers bought alcoholic drinks, the supermarket chain had their date of birth recorded at the till from their identity document or on request, although a look at the identity document would have sufficed for the statutory age check; the NAIH (Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság, Hungarian data protection authority) found breaches of, among other things, data minimisation, lawfulness and transparency. The Budapest-Capital Regional Court (Fővárosi Törvényszék) upheld these breaches but held that keeping the data in the till log files for 180 days did not amount to processing, and set aside the original fine of HUF 95m; in the repeated proceedings the NAIH set the fine at HUF 80,000,000 and ordered publication on the company's home page.
Where the law only requires an age check, a look at the identity document is enough; entering identity data into the till system in addition is not necessary.
Data minimisation in statutory age checks at the till
- Authority / court
- Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság (NAIH)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und c, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 12 Abs. 1, Art. 13 Abs. 1 und 2, Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 4 DSGVO (Feststellungen aus einem früheren, gerichtlich bestätigten Beschluss); Art. 83 DSGVO; § 61 Abs. 2 lit. a Infotv.
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Published
- 2 Jul 2024
Original amount 80,000,000 HUF, converted at the ECB reference rate of 2 Jul 2024.
- NAIH, Beschlüsse (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 2 Jul 2026 · Direct link
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2 Jul 2024 a Hong Kong car dealerCar company used transport authority records for marketing letters: fine €1,193
On 2 July 2024 the Eastern Magistrates' Court (a Hong Kong magistrates' court) convicted the car dealer on its guilty plea of four direct marketing offences under the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Hong Kong's data protection law) and fined it 2,500 HKD per charge, 10,000 HKD in total. In November 2023 the company had used the names and addresses of two individuals, obtained from records of the Transport Department (Hong Kong's transport authority), for marketing letters without first notifying them and obtaining their consent, and had not informed them on first use of their right to object free of charge. The cases arose from complaints to the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD, Hong Kong's data protection authority), which referred them to the police for prosecution.
Even data taken from registers or official records may be used for direct marketing only after prior notice and consent.
Consent and opt-out notice in direct marketing
- Authority / court
- Magistrates' Court, Hongkong (nach Verweisung durch den PCPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, s. 35C(1) und s. 35F(1)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Automotive
- Published
- 2 Jul 2024
Original amount 10,000 HKD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 2 Jul 2024.
Checked against the official source on 14 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 2 Jul 2026 · Direct link
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2 Jul 2024 an international social media groupANPD provisionally halts a social media group’s AI training on Brazilian users’ data Order
The Conselho Diretor (board of directors) of the Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD, Brazilian data protection authority) ordered, as a preventive measure, that the group suspend in Brazil the part of its new privacy policy on using personal data to train generative AI and immediately stop this processing across all of the group’s products, including for people without a user account; a daily penalty of 50,000 BRL was set for each day of non-compliance. The authority saw indications of a missing appropriate legal basis, insufficient transparency, obstacles to exercising data subject rights and a lack of safeguards for data of children and adolescents. Following a request for reconsideration, the ANPD upheld the measure in July 2024 and suspended it at the end of August 2024 after approving a compliance plan submitted by the group.
Anyone wishing to use existing user data for AI training must settle the legal basis, information and opt-out options robustly beforehand.
Data protection when training generative AI on user data
- Authority / court
- Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD), Conselho Diretor
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 52 III und Art. 54 LGPD (Lei nº 13.709/2018); Art. 45 Lei nº 9.784/1999; Art. 26 IV Decreto nº 10.474/2020 (Präventivmaßnahme)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 2 Jul 2024
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 2 Jul 2026 · Direct link
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26 Jun 2024 a British software maker and two subsidiariesSoftware maker: 16.5 million USD and ban on selling browsing data €15.4m
The FTC issued its final order against a British software maker, its Czech subsidiary and its former data subsidiary. According to the authority, the software maker collected detailed browsing data through browser extensions and antivirus software, stored it indefinitely and sold it via the data subsidiary to more than 100 third parties without adequate notice and consent, even though the products were marketed as protecting against online tracking. The software maker must pay 16,500,000 USD for consumer redress, may no longer sell or license browsing data for advertising purposes, must delete the data transferred to the data subsidiary together with any products and algorithms derived from it, and must set up a privacy programme.
A company that advertises protection against tracking must not monetise the same usage data itself – marketing claims and data use must match.
Privacy promises versus actual data use; sale of usage data
- Authority / court
- Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Section 5(a) FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a) (unlautere und irreführende Praktiken)
- Action
- Disgorgement of profits
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 27 Jun 2024
Original amount 16,500,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Jun 2024.
- Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Veröffentlichung der Behörde (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 8 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 26 Jun 2026 · Direct link
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20 Jun 2024 a German business that commissioned sales calls for food supplementsBNetzA: €200,000 fine on business that commissioned sales calls for food supplements €200,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined a business that had commissioned sales calls for food supplements 200,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. The official list states only the role, the product advertised and the amount.
Even a business that merely commissions sales calls can itself be fined – consent of the people called should be checked before a campaign starts.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Bundesnetzagentur, Maßnahmen gegen unerlaubte Telefonwerbung mit Archiv-Übersicht der Bußgelder ab 2017 (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 20 Jun 2026 · Direct link
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6 Jun 2024 an Italian energy supplierGarante: €6.4m fine for energy supplier over unlawful promotional calls €6.42m
After 108 reports and 7 complaints about unwanted promotional calls, the Garante (Italian data protection authority) found that calls were made for the energy supplier without consent or to numbers entered in the do-not-call register and that the company did not adequately control agencies and sub-agencies: in a sample week, 657 of 747 contracts stemmed from unlawful contacts. In addition to a fine of 6,419,631 EUR, the authority prohibited further processing of the complainants' data and ordered that the 657 data subjects be informed and that controls be introduced to keep contracts from unlawful contacts out of the systems.
Contracts arising from unlawful marketing contacts must not enter the system in the first place – audits and removing individual agents are not enough.
Consent and the do-not-call register in telemarketing
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, d und f, Abs. 2, Art. 6 Abs. 1 lit. a, 24 Abs. 1, 25 und 28 DSGVO; Art. 130 Abs. 3 und 3-bis Codice privacy (D.Lgs. 196/2003)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Repeat case
- yes
- Mitigating circumstances
- Mitigating: prompt compliance with earlier orders of the Garante (Art. 83(2)(i) GDPR).
- Published
- 26 Jun 2024
- Garante Privacy, Presse und Kommunikation (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 6 Jun 2026 · Direct link
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27 May 2024 a Danish municipalityDanish municipality: 200,000 DKK after disclosing protected addresses of children to parents €26,803
Following a system change, both parents with custody gained access to letters from the municipal dental care service and automatically received letters containing, in some cases, protected addresses of the children – without any check as to whether the disclosure was permissible. The Danish Data Protection Agency (Datatilsynet) criticised the lack of change management; the municipality accepted a fine notice of 200,000 DKK.
Whenever access rights or automated mailing processes are changed, check in advance who will see which data afterwards.
Change management for IT systems holding sensitive data
- Authority / court
- Anklagemyndigheden (Bødeforelæg) auf Anzeige der Datatilsynet
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 32
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Public sector
Original amount 200,000 DKK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 27 May 2024.
- Datatilsynet, Entscheidungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 27 May 2026 · Direct link
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14 May 2024 a German call centreBNetzA: €315,000 fine on call centre over unlawful sales calls for energy contracts €315,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined a call centre marketing energy supply contracts 315,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. The official list states only the role, the product advertised and the amount; according to the agency's annual review, each of its major fine proceedings in 2024 followed up several hundred to more than 2,000 complaints.
Call centres need verifiable consent for every number they dial and must honour requests to stop calling immediately.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Bundesnetzagentur, Maßnahmen gegen unerlaubte Telefonwerbung mit Archiv-Übersicht der Bußgelder ab 2017 (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 14 May 2026 · Direct link
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14 May 2024 a Singaporean companyCompany: 120,000 SGD over undeleted data on server of a former group company €82,141
During a cloud migration in 2020 and a restructuring in 2022, the company failed to have data on employees, former employees, directors and shareholders deleted from a shared server belonging to the subsidiary; in September 2022 an attacker gained access to that server through the compromised account of one of the former subsidiary's vendors. Numerous individuals were put at risk, and data on some of them – in some cases images of identity documents, signatures, bank accounts and salaries – may have been exfiltrated. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) treated the failure to delete for more than two years, without clear instructions to or supervision of staff, as a negligent breach of the Protection Obligation and, in view of the duration, the type of data and deterrence, imposed 120,000 SGD; it accepted a voluntary undertaking from the former subsidiary.
In migrations and restructurings, the deletion of legacy personal data must be expressly instructed, checked and tracked in the data inventory.
Verifiably delete data after migrations and maintain a data inventory
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Section 24 PDPA 2012 (Protection Obligation); Section 48J PDPA (Financial Penalty)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Prompt action once alerted to the incident, admission under the Expedited Decision Procedure and cooperation.
- Published
- 2 Aug 2024
Original amount 120,000 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 14 May 2024.
- PDPC, Enforcement Decisions (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 14 May 2026 · Direct link
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8 May 2024 a Korean golf simulator companyGolf simulator company: 7.51 billion KRW after ransomware attack on open file server €5.12m
Attackers obtained the company's VPN credentials, including an administrator account, accessed a file server open to all employees and exposed data on more than 2.21 million customers and employees on the dark web, including 5,831 resident registration numbers stored unencrypted. For inadequate security measures, missing encryption and failure to delete data no longer needed on around 380,000 people, the authority imposed a penalty surcharge of 7,504,000,000 KRW and an administrative fine of 5,400,000 KRW (7,509,400,000 KRW in total). It also ordered a revised internal data protection management, a stronger role for the chief privacy officer and regular data protection training for all employees.
File servers holding customer and staff data must not be open to every employee via a simple VPN login; access must be restricted and reviewed regularly.
Remote access, VPN accounts and open file shares
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법) Art. 29, Art. 24-2(2), Art. 21(1); Sanktion nach Art. 64-2(1) Nr. 9
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Mitigating circumstances
- Reduction of 30% because no benefit was derived from the infringement and a further 30% for cooperation with the investigation; increase of 50% because the infringement lasted more than two years (August 2020 to November 2023).
- Liability of senior managers
- The company was ordered to strengthen the standing and role of its chief privacy officer (CPO).
- Published
- 9 May 2024
Original amount 7,509,400,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 8 May 2024.
Checked against the official source on 8 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 8 May 2026 · Direct link
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1 May 2024 a Swiss IT service provider and two Swiss federal officesFDPIC: data protection infringements at IT service provider and two federal offices after ransomware attack Other
Following the hacker attack on an IT service provider, the Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (Eidgenössischer Datenschutz- und Öffentlichkeitsbeauftragter, EDÖB) found that personal data of two federal offices had reached the service provider via support processes without the necessary data protection safeguards. The service provider subsequently retained the data in breach of data protection law and partly in breach of contract.
Real data does not belong in service providers' support and test environments – clients must control disclosure and deletion.
Passing real data to service providers for support
- Authority / court
- Eidgenössischer Datenschutz- und Öffentlichkeitsbeauftragter (EDÖB)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Datenschutzgesetz (DSG)
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 1 May 2024
- EDÖB, Medienmitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 1 May 2026 · Direct link
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29 Apr 2024 a Polish catering businessUODO: 238,345 PLN against catering company after loss of an unencrypted USB stick €55,102
An employee of the catering company lost a USB stick containing unencrypted data on a colleague, including PESEL number, passport data and salary. The risk analysis had not provided for the mere loss of data carriers, encryption was left to employees with only an instruction video, and the effectiveness of the measures was not tested; the President of the Polish data protection authority (Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych, UODO) imposed 238,345 PLN (not final).
Encryption of portable data carriers must be technically enforced – a training video alone impermissibly shifts responsibility onto employees.
Handling portable data carriers and encryption
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych (UODO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 5 Abs. 2, Art. 24 Abs. 1, Art. 25 Abs. 1, Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Food and agriculture
- Mitigating circumstances
- Self-reporting of the incident and cooperation in the proceedings substantially reduced the fine.
- Published
- 17 May 2024
Original amount 238,345 PLN, converted at the ECB reference rate of 29 Apr 2024.
- UODO, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
- UODO, Entscheidungsdatenbank (Suche) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 5 · Company name anonymised since 29 Apr 2026 · Direct link
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22 Apr 2024 a Singaporean payroll service providerSingaporean payroll provider: 4,000 SGD after ransomware leak of a client's payroll data €2,761
Using a compromised user account, an attacker gained remote desktop access to servers of the payroll service provider between December 2022 and January 2023 and exfiltrated data; data on employees of one client, including name, identity number, bank account and salary, appeared on a leak site. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) found a breach of the Protection Obligation because the sensitive data was stored on unsecured internal drives, staff had local administrator rights and there was no multi-factor authentication. Given the company's role as a payroll provider and the type of data, it considered a fine appropriate and set it at 4,000 SGD.
Payroll data belongs in access-restricted areas, and staff should have neither local administrator rights nor the ability to install software without control.
No unauthorised software installation and restrictive administrator rights on work devices
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Section 24 PDPA 2012 (Protection Obligation); Section 48J PDPA (Financial Penalty)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- Cooperation, admission under the Expedited Decision Procedure and first breach of the PDPA.
- Published
- 22 Apr 2024
Original amount 4,000 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 22 Apr 2024.
- PDPC, Enforcement Decisions (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 22 Apr 2026 · Direct link
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18 Apr 2024 a Swedish fashion retailerSwedish fashion retailer: SEK 300,000 after covert camera surveillance by a team leader €25,780
The Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY, Swedish data protection authority) fined the fashion retailer 300,000 SEK over camera surveillance at its premises (distribution centre and warehouse). A team leader had operated a covert camera in a work room on his or her own initiative on a total of five nights; IMY attributed this to the company as controller because operational problems prompted it, the company's equipment was used and the footage was used in employment-related meetings. For the regular surveillance, IMY ordered the company to add the data protection officer's contact details to the signs.
Companies are liable for unauthorised, work-related surveillance carried out by managers; policies alone do not protect them, they have to reach the managers.
Workplace camera surveillance and unauthorised surveillance by managers
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1 und Art. 13 DSGVO; 15 § kamerabevakningslagen (2018:1200); Art. 58 Abs. 2 und Art. 83 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Liability of senior managers
- A team leader acted on his or her own initiative, according to the company contrary to company policy; in IMY's view, the company nevertheless bears responsibility under data protection law.
Original amount 300,000 SEK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 18 Apr 2024.
- IMY, Aufsichtsverfahren (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 18 Apr 2026 · Direct link
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18 Apr 2024 a UK charityICO: enforcement notice against charity over 461,650 marketing texts without consent Order
The ICO served an enforcement notice on a UK charity. According to the ICO's findings, between 22 April and 1 May 2022 subscribers received a total of 461,650 direct marketing text messages sent or instigated by the charity without valid consent; in the ICO's view the soft opt-in does not apply to charity fundraising. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 22 of PECR. The notice is dated 18 April 2024, whereas the ICO enforcement list shows the case under 1 March 2024.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 PECR; section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 18 Apr 2026 · Direct link
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15 Apr 2024 a Czech antivirus software manufacturerAntivirus manufacturer: 351 million CZK for passing browsing histories to subsidiary €13.9m
In 2019, the antivirus manufacturer passed pseudonymised browsing histories of around 100 million users to its subsidiary, which sold insights into online behaviour to marketing clients. The data declared as anonymous allowed re-identification and users were misinformed; the Úřad pro ochranu osobních údajů (Czech data protection authority, ÚOOÚ) imposed a final fine of 351 million CZK.
Pseudonymised data are not anonymous data – anyone passing on usage data must assess re-identification risks and inform users honestly.
- Authority / court
- Úřad pro ochranu osobních údajů (ÚOOÚ)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO (unrechtmäßige Verarbeitung, Transparenz), One-Stop-Shop-Verfahren
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 15 Apr 2024
Original amount 351,000,000 CZK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 15 Apr 2024.
- ÚOOÚ, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 15 Apr 2026 · Direct link
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9 Apr 2024 a Scottish charitable social landlordICO: reprimand for housing association over a faulty tenant portal Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a Scottish charitable social landlord with around 4,700 properties. According to the ICO's findings, a new customer portal went live on 14 July 2022 with a configuration error that gave residents with an ongoing anti-social behaviour case access to other residents' documents. 139 people were affected, 62 of whom the association considered at high risk; the data remained visible for five days because a first report from a resident was not escalated. According to the association, testing before launch had only checked functionality, not data protection. The ICO found this breached Article 5(1)(f) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 9 Apr 2026 · Direct link
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2 Apr 2024 a Greek government ministryGreek ministry fined EUR 175,000 over camp surveillance systems €175,000
The Archi Prostasias Dedomenon (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) examined on its own initiative a digital security monitoring system (including video surveillance and drones) and an access control system using fingerprints in reception and closed controlled facilities for third-country nationals. In a 2024 decision it imposed EUR 100,000 because no complete data protection impact assessment and no data protection by design were in place before procurement and deployment, and EUR 75,000 for unclear, incomplete and contradictory information and missing documents provided to the authority. The ministry must also achieve GDPR compliance within three months.
Surveillance and biometric systems need an impact assessment before procurement – and complete, consistent answers to the regulator.
Data protection impact assessments before introducing surveillance and biometric systems
- Authority / court
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 25, 31, 35, 58 Abs. 2 lit. d und i DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Hellenic DPA, Entscheidungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 2 Apr 2026 · Direct link
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2 Apr 2024 a Hong Kong state-owned technology park companyRansomware at technology park company: PCPD finds breaches and serves enforcement notice Order
After a ransomware attack in August 2023 on the technology park company, which is wholly owned by the Hong Kong government, data of 13,632 individuals were affected; data samples appeared on the dark web. On 2 April 2024 the PCPD (Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, Hong Kong's data protection authority) found breaches of the data security duty (DPP 4(1)) and the retention limit (DPP 2(2)): brute-force attacks went undetected, remote access ran without multi-factor authentication, security audits were insufficient, the security policy lacked specificity, and data of 5,292 unsuccessful job applicants and former employees had been kept beyond the retention period. By enforcement notice, the company must among other things introduce multi-factor authentication, commission independent security audits every year and delete data held beyond the retention periods.
Multi-factor authentication for remote access and consistent deletion once retention periods expire limit both the damage and the liability in a cyberattack.
Ransomware, multi-factor authentication for remote access and retention periods
- Authority / court
- Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), Hongkong
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486), Data Protection Principles 4(1) und 2(2); Enforcement Notice nach s. 50(1)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 2 Apr 2024
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 2 Apr 2026 · Direct link
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28 Mar 2024 a Japanese internet groupInternet group: formal recommendation after data leak via a contractor’s infected PC Reprimand or warning
After the work PC of an employee at the company’s South Korean security contractor was infected with malware, unauthorised parties accessed its systems from 14 September to 27 October 2023; data of around 520,000 people (users of its messaging service, business partners, employees) were leaked or put at risk. The authority issued a formal recommendation under Art. 148(1) APPI for inadequate organisational security measures (Art. 23 APPI) and required reports until March 2025; in addition, it gave guidance (shidō) under Art. 147 over the possible exposure of user identifiers (GUID) on the group's auction platform.
Contractors’ access to your systems is part of your own security responsibility; an infected machine at a contractor must not become the way in.
Malware and contractors’ access rights
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC, 個人情報保護委員会)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI, 個人情報の保護に関する法律) Art. 148 Abs. 1 i. V. m. Art. 23; Art. 147
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 28 Mar 2024
Checked against the official source on 8 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 28 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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26 Mar 2024 a South African credit bureauInformation Regulator: order against a credit bureau over inadequate access control Order
Following a security compromise reported in March 2022, the Information Regulator found that the credit bureau had failed to secure the confidentiality of the data, had not implemented its own access policies and had allowed unauthorised actors in through compromised credentials and a weak password. By enforcement notice it was ordered to put security measures in place, have a qualified auditor check all user accounts against its SFTP user creation policy and carry out a personal information impact assessment; the deadline for proof was 26 May 2024.
User creation and access management policies only protect if compliance with them is monitored technically; compromised credentials and weak passwords are a way in.
Access management and password security
- Authority / court
- Information Regulator (South Africa)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA), Bedingungen für die rechtmäßige Verarbeitung (Sicherheitsmaßnahmen); Enforcement Notice
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 26 Mar 2024
- Information Regulator (South Africa), Veröffentlichung der Behörde (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 8 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 26 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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25 Mar 2024 an English NHS university hospital trustICO: reprimand for NHS hospital trust over late subject access responses Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English NHS university hospital trust. According to the ICO's findings, the hospital answered only 59% of subject access requests on time between 1 August 2022 and 1 July 2023, and 621 requests were still outstanding on 30 January 2024. Until January 2021 requests had been handled in alphabetical order, and the trust extended deadlines across the board without telling the people concerned. The ICO found infringements of Articles 12(3), 15(1) and 15(3) UK GDPR. The date follows from the six-month deadline to 25 September 2024 set in the reprimand and matches the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 15(3) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 25 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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25 Mar 2024 a foundation behind an international crypto identity projectPortugal: CNPD halts a crypto foundation's iris scans for 90 days Order
As an urgent measure, the data protection authority ordered the foundation to suspend the collection of biometric data (iris, eyes, face) throughout Portugal within 24 hours for 90 days. It acted on complaints about the enrolment of minors, the lack of ways to erase data and withdraw consent, and inadequate information, with more than 300,000 people already enrolled.
Anyone collecting biometric data in return for a reward must build effective consent, withdrawal, erasure and age checks in from the start.
Biometric data, consent and protection of minors
- Authority / court
- Comissão Nacional de Proteção de Dados (CNPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. f DSGVO; Art. 6 Abs. 1 lit. b Lei n.º 58/2019
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 26 Mar 2024
- CNPD, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 25 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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21 Mar 2024 an Estonian publisherEstonia: order against a publisher over cart-reminder emails sent without consent Order
The Andmekaitse Inspektsioon (Estonian Data Protection Inspectorate) ordered the publisher, under threat of a penalty payment of 2,500 EUR per unfulfilled point, to send reminder emails about abandoned orders only with prior consent and with an unsubscribe option, and to offer an opt-out as soon as contact details are collected. The publisher may no longer keep data from incomplete orders and had to delete data already stored; the case arose from a complaint about the missing consent box in the subscription order form.
Abandoned-cart reminders are direct marketing and need valid consent plus an unsubscribe link.
Consent for email marketing in online shops
- Authority / court
- Andmekaitse Inspektsioon (AKI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 5, 6, Art. 58 Abs. 1 lit. d und Abs. 2 lit. f, g DSGVO; §§ 56, 58 Isikuandmete kaitse seadus; § 103^1 Abs. 3 Nr. 1 und § 133 Abs. 4 Elektroonilise side seadus
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- AKI, Anordnungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 21 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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18 Mar 2024 a council-owned children's services company in EnglandICO: reprimand for children's services company over a disclosure in a child protection plan Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a children's services company owned by an English city council but operating independently of it. According to the ICO's findings, on 10 November 2022 the trust sent a family a child protection plan that wrongly included information about another person, including a child's data and criminal offence data. Among other things, the ICO criticised the trust for being unable to show clear, role-specific procedures or policies explaining how staff in the department concerned should apply data protection in practice. It found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f), 32(1)(b) and 32(2) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 32(1)(b) und 32(2) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 18 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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13 Mar 2024 a London police oversight bodyICO: reprimand for London police oversight body over publicly accessible web forms Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the body that oversees policing in London. According to the ICO's findings, a permissions error at its processor between 11 and 14 November 2022 made two web forms public, including a form for contacting the London Victims' Commissioner. Only on 23 February 2023 did a member of the public tell the body that users could view every query submitted through the form; 394 people were later notified. According to the ICO, there is no evidence that the data was ever accessed. The ICO found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f) and 32(1) UK GDPR. The published document is partly worded as a provisional decision ("provisionally decided"); the ICO lists the reprimand as issued on its case page and confirmed it in a press release of 14 March 2024. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) und 32(1) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 13 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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12 Mar 2024 an Icelandic operator of a fast-food restaurant chainIceland: fast-food chain operator fined for using CCTV to monitor staff performance €10,087
Persónuvernd (Icelandic Data Protection Authority) fined the operator of a fast-food restaurant chain in Iceland 1,500,000 ISK because the manager of one outlet had used footage from the surveillance cameras to check an employee's work and had produced annotated screenshots for that purpose. The authority found this to be unlawful processing outside the declared purpose of the surveillance and also criticised signs that did not name the controller and inadequate information for employees; it ordered the company to delete the screenshots, put up compliant signs in its outlets, inform employees and keep a record of processing activities.
Footage from security cameras must not be used on the side to monitor staff performance, and anyone with access to it must know what they may use it for.
Workplace video surveillance: no performance monitoring without a separate legal basis
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Persónuvernd
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 Bst. a–c, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 12 und 13 DSGVO; §§ 8, 9, 14 Abs. 1 und 4 und 17 Gesetz Nr. 90/2018 (isländisches Datenschutzgesetz); Regeln Nr. 837/2006 über elektronische Überwachung; Geldbuße nach § 46 Abs. 3 Gesetz Nr. 90/2018 i.V.m. Art. 83 Abs. 5 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Food and agriculture
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Only one outlet and relatively few people affected, no proven direct damage, only one documented instance of performance monitoring.
- Liability of senior managers
- The monitoring was carried out by the manager of one outlet; the authority stated that companies must instruct employees who have access to footage. The fine was imposed on the operating company.
- Published
- 20 Mar 2024
Original amount 1,500,000 ISK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Mar 2024.
- Persónuvernd, Entscheidungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 12 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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6 Mar 2024 a London charityICO: GBP 7,500 fine and reprimand for charity over an open email distribution list €8,772
On 6 March 2024 the ICO fined a London charity GBP 7,500 and also issued a reprimand. According to the ICO's findings, on 6 October 2022 the organisation emailed participants in a programme for people living with HIV using CC instead of BCC. As a result, 166 people could be identified or potentially identified from their email addresses, and it could be inferred that they were living with HIV. The ICO found infringements of Article 5(1)(f) and Articles 32(1) and 32(2) UK GDPR.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 32(1) und 32(2) UK GDPR; Geldbuße nach section 155 DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 7,500 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 6 Mar 2024.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 6 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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5 Mar 2024 a Romanian self-storage providerSelf-storage provider paralysed for weeks after cyber attack – 5,000 EUR €5,005
A cyber attack on the server paralysed the company for several weeks and allowed access to customer data. The Romanian data protection authority (ANSPDCP) imposed 24,884.50 lei (5,000 EUR) for insufficient security measures and ordered access logging with a retention period of at least 30 days as well as backups. Date = publication of the press release; according to the authority, the investigation was concluded in the previous month.
Logging and tested backups determine whether an attack means days or weeks of downtime.
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 24 Abs. 1, Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und d, Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Published
- 5 Mar 2024
Original amount 24,884.5 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 5 Mar 2024.
- ANSPDCP, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 5 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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5 Mar 2024 an English port authorityICO: reprimand for port authority over a police messaging app group Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English port authority, the employer of the port's police force. According to the ICO's findings, a port police officer set up a distribution group in a messaging app on his personal mobile phone (later moved to another app), which several UK police forces and international law enforcement agencies used to tackle vehicle crime, without organisational oversight or compliance with data protection law. The ICO considered the period from May 2018 to February 2021 and found infringements of section 35(1) DPA 2018 (lawful and fair processing) and section 40 DPA 2018 (security). The reprimand is dated 5 March 2024; the ICO case page lists the case under 15 March 2024.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Section 35(1) und section 40 DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR/Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 5 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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5 Mar 2024 an English police forceICO: reprimand for police force over an ID photo shared via a messaging app Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the chief constable of an English police force. According to the ICO's findings, in February 2021 an officer photographed a person's identity document on her personal mobile phone and uploaded the image to a messaging app group used by several UK police forces and international law enforcement agencies to tackle vehicle crime; the person was not told about this. The ICO was concerned that the sustained use of the group went unnoticed by supervisors, which it saw as a sign of a lack of data protection awareness. It found an infringement of section 40 DPA 2018 (the security principle for law enforcement processing). The reprimand is dated 5 March 2024; the ICO case page lists the case under 15 March 2024.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Section 40 DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR/Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 5 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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1 Mar 2024 an English police forceICO: reprimand for police force over merged records of two people Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the chief constable of an English police force. According to the ICO's findings, since at least January 2020 the force repeatedly linked and merged the records of two people with the same name and date of birth. This led to several incidents in which officers went to the wrong address, once when there were serious safeguarding concerns relating to domestic violence, and in which personal data was actually or potentially disclosed inappropriately. The ICO found infringements of sections 34(3), 38(1), 38(3), 40 and 57(1) DPA 2018. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Section 34(3), 38(1), 38(3), 40 und 57(1) DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR/Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 1 Mar 2026 · Direct link
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28 Feb 2024 a Greek postal companyGreece: almost 3 million EUR against postal company after ransomware attack €3m
In a cyber attack in 2022, attackers obtained administrator access, disabled protective software, encrypted files and later published stolen data on the darknet. The Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) found that the postal company had not implemented the necessary technical and organisational measures or its own security policy and imposed 2,995,140 EUR.
A security policy on paper offers no protection – what is examined is whether it has actually been implemented.
Cyber defence, handling of administrator accounts
- Authority / court
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Hellenic DPA, Entscheidungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 28 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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28 Feb 2024 a UK government departmentICO: enforcement notice and warning to a UK government department over GPS tagging of migrants Order
On 28 February 2024 the ICO served an enforcement notice on a UK government department and issued a warning at the same time. The case concerned a pilot in which up to 600 people who had arrived in the UK by irregular routes and were on immigration bail were monitored with GPS ankle tags. According to the ICO's findings, the department had not carried out a data protection impact assessment that met the legal requirements and could not demonstrate that the processing complied with the data protection principles, for example why less intrusive options would not have been enough (Articles 35 and 5(2) UK GDPR). The notice requires the department to update its policies, access guidance and privacy information for the data kept from the pilot; the warning under Article 58(2)(a) UK GDPR states that future processing on the same basis would be likely to infringe the law. The ICO published the case on 21 March 2024.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 35 und 5(2) UK GDPR; Enforcement Notice nach section 149 DPA 2018; Warnung nach Art. 58(2)(a) UK GDPR
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 28 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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20 Feb 2024 a Romanian local authorityRomanian local authority: periodic penalty of RON 159,000 for withholding information €31,948
In an investigation into an online platform used by the local authority to collect personal data, the authority did not answer the requests for information of the ANSPDCP (Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal, Romanian data protection authority) despite a reprimand and a fine of RON 10,000. The ANSPDCP then set a periodic penalty payment of RON 159,000 for 53 days of delay by decision.
Ignoring information requests from the supervisory authority risks daily penalty payments that quickly exceed the original fine many times over.
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 18 Abs. 2 Legea nr. 102/2005 (Gesetz über die ANSPDCP)
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 6 Mar 2024
Original amount 159,000 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 20 Feb 2024.
- ANSPDCP, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 20 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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19 Feb 2024 a UK leisure facilities operator and associated trustsICO: enforcement notices against leisure operator and associated trusts over biometric attendance monitoring Order
On 19 February 2024 the ICO served enforcement notices on a UK leisure facilities operator, its Jersey sister company and seven associated community leisure trusts, requiring them to stop using facial recognition and fingerprint scanning to monitor staff attendance. According to the ICO's findings, facial recognition was used for attendance monitoring at 38 operator-run leisure facilities, 37 in the UK and one in Jersey, with fingerprint scanners also in use at two of them. The ICO found that the processing of this biometric data breached Articles 5(1)(a), 6 and 9 UK GDPR. The ICO published the case on 23 February 2024.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(a), 6 und 9 UK GDPR; Enforcement Notice nach section 149 DPA 2018
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 19 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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15 Feb 2024 a UK call centre companyICO: GBP 100,000 fine for call centre over lottery calls to TPS numbers €116,775
On 15 February 2024 the ICO fined a UK call centre company GBP 100,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 11 February 2021 and 24 January 2022 the company instigated at least 80,240 marketing calls promoting a lottery syndicate to numbers that had been registered with the TPS for more than 28 days, without the subscribers' consent. The ICO considered the calls highly exploitative and deliberately aimed at vulnerable people, and treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 18 March 2024 reduced the fine to GBP 80,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 100,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 15 Feb 2024.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 15 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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15 Feb 2024 a UK insurance intermediaryICO: GBP 80,000 fine for insurance intermediary over calls to TPS numbers €93,420
On 15 February 2024 the ICO fined a UK insurance intermediary GBP 80,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 5 May 2021 and 5 May 2022 the company instigated at least 47,998 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers registered with the TPS, without the subscribers having agreed to such calls, and the people called were not given the caller information required by law. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulations 21 and 24 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 18 March 2024 reduced the fine to GBP 64,000. The ICO published the case on 7 March 2024.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice, Regulation 21 PECR)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
Original amount 80,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 15 Feb 2024.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 15 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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8 Feb 2024 a major Italian energy supplierGarante: record fine of 79 million EUR against energy supplier over illegal telemarketing €79.1m
Unauthorised intermediaries exploited security gaps in the supplier's customer and activation systems for illegal telemarketing; over several years, at least 9,300 contracts were activated, 978 of which were purchased from companies outside the sales network. The Italian data protection authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) imposed 79,107,101 EUR; the Rome court (Tribunale di Roma) upheld the decision on 18 September 2025, and an appeal is pending.
Companies that organise sales through partners must secure their systems against third-party access and reject contracts from unknown sources.
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- DSGVO; Codice privacy (Telemarketing)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 29 Feb 2024
- Garante Privacy, Presse und Kommunikation (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 8 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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8 Feb 2024 an Italian major bankGarante: €2.8m fine for major bank after mobile banking data leak €2.8m
In a massive attack on the mobile banking portal in October 2018, attackers obtained the name, tax code and internal customer identifier of around 778,000 customers and former customers, and for more than 6,800 of them also the PIN, because the system returned these data even when a login failed. The Garante (Italian data protection authority) imposed a fine of 2,800,000 EUR because the bank had not taken effective protective measures against such attacks and had allowed weak PINs. According to the Garante, the Tribunale di Milano (Milan court) dismissed the bank's challenge by a judgment of July 2026.
Login interfaces must not disclose customer data on failed attempts, and weak PINs must be ruled out technically.
Secure authentication and weak PINs
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f und Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Repeat case
- yes
- Mitigating circumstances
- Mitigating: prompt remedial measures, information and support for customers, no banking data affected.
- Published
- 7 Mar 2024
- Garante Privacy, Presse und Kommunikation (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 8 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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8 Feb 2024 an Italian subsidiary of a medical technology groupGarante: EUR 300,000 fine for medical technology company over open e-mail lists €300,000
The medical technology company sent service e-mails about an app for diabetes patients in such a way that the addresses of hundreds of recipients were visible to everyone, because they were placed in the open address field instead of blind copy; health data thereby reached unauthorised persons. In addition, the privacy information for patients did not state the legal basis for passing data to healthcare professionals. The Garante (Italian data protection authority) imposed fines totalling 300,000 EUR: 250,000 EUR for the data breach and 50,000 EUR for the incomplete information.
Bulk e-mails to patients belong in blind copy or a mailing system – otherwise a single address-field error exposes health data.
Sending e-mails to many recipients (blind copy) when health data is involved
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und f, 9, 12, 13 und 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Mitigating: no complaints, revised procedures, supplemented privacy information and a high level of cooperation; the infringements were considered unintentional.
- Published
- 7 Mar 2024
- Garante Privacy, Presse und Kommunikation (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 8 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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7 Feb 2024 a Spanish energy groupAEPD: €3m fine for Spanish energy group as processor for group companies €3m
The group's parent company, acting as processor, operates a shared database for several group companies; in the attack on the group's grid subsidiary, the attacker also reached customer data of other group companies because the logical separation was inadequate. As the group had not analysed the risks of joint storage or taken appropriate measures, the AEPD imposed 2,000,000 EUR (Art. 5(1)(f)) and 1,000,000 EUR (Art. 32), 3,000,000 EUR in total.
An intra-group processor is itself liable for security and must effectively separate the clients' data held in shared databases.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Published
- 18 Apr 2024
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 7 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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6 Feb 2024 a Spanish energy supplierAEPD: €5m fine for energy supplier over deceptive customer acquisition by provider €5m
A processor working for the energy supplier used data from another supplier's customer database to sign up customers by telephone while giving the impression that it was calling on behalf of their existing provider; the energy supplier only terminated the contract months later. The AEPD imposed 2,500,000 EUR each for breaching fairness and transparency (Art. 5(1)(a)) and accountability (Art. 5(2)), 5,000,000 EUR in total, and ordered a risk analysis and controls over its sales service providers; the request for reconsideration was dismissed.
Anyone outsourcing customer acquisition to service providers must check their methods and intervene immediately where deception occurs.
Oversight of sales service providers and fair customer acquisition
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 5 Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Published
- 18 Sep 2024
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 6 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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5 Feb 2024 a Spanish electricity distribution network operatorAEPD: €3.5m fine for Spanish grid operator after web application attack €3.5m
An attacker exploited a vulnerability in a web application of the electricity distribution network operator and accessed data of around 1.35 million customers. The AEPD imposed 2,500,000 EUR for breaching Art. 5(1)(f) GDPR and 1,000,000 EUR under Art. 32 GDPR, 3,500,000 EUR in total.
Customer portals must be checked regularly for vulnerabilities and patched promptly.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Published
- 18 Apr 2024
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 5 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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2 Feb 2024 an English police forceICO: reprimand for police force over a long-running subject access backlog Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the chief constable of a police force in south-west England. According to the ICO's findings, the force had had a subject access backlog since 2018, so that for more than four years a large number of requests were not answered within the statutory one month, or three months where an extension was properly applied. Data protection is handled jointly with a neighbouring force through an alliance of the two forces set up in 2017; a reprimand in the same terms was issued to that force on the same day. The ICO found infringements of Article 12(3) UK GDPR and section 54 DPA 2018 (Part 3). The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3) UK GDPR; section 54 DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR/Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 2 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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2 Feb 2024 an English police forceICO: reprimand for police force over a long-running subject access backlog Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the chief constable of a police force in south-west England. According to the ICO's findings, the force had had a subject access backlog since 2018, so that for more than four years a large number of requests were not answered within the statutory one month, or three months where an extension was properly applied. Data protection is handled jointly with a neighbouring force through an alliance of the two forces set up in 2017; a reprimand in the same terms was issued to that force on the same day. The ICO found infringements of Article 12(3) UK GDPR and section 54 DPA 2018 (Part 3). The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3) UK GDPR; section 54 DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR/Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 2 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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1 Feb 2024 a Brazilian state social security agencyANPD orders state social security agency to publicise a data incident Order
The Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD, Brazilian data protection authority) imposed on the state social security institute the sanction of publicising the infringement, because the institute had not informed data subjects of a security incident in August and September 2022 in which an extraordinary volume of data had been accessed through mass queries to its system; identity, financial and health data, among others, may have been affected. The agency had to publish a notice drafted by the ANPD for 60 days on the home page of its website and as a notification in its app; the ANPD applied an aggravating circumstance. The ANPD’s Conselho Diretor (board of directors) dismissed the agency’s appeal in July 2024.
Public bodies, too, must inform data subjects of high-risk data incidents; if they fail to do so, the regulator can force public disclosure.
Notifying data subjects after data breaches
- Authority / court
- Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD), Coordenação-Geral de Fiscalização
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 48 LGPD (Lei nº 13.709/2018); Sanktion nach Art. 52 IV LGPD (publicização da infração); Art. 20 Resolução CD/ANPD nº 4/2023; Art. 32 § 2 II und Art. 55 § 2 I Resolução CD/ANPD nº 1/2021
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Public sector
- Liability of senior managers
- Measures against individuals are not set out here.
- Published
- 1 Feb 2024
Checked against the official source on 14 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 1 Feb 2026 · Direct link
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31 Jan 2024 a Brazilian regional education authorityANPD: reprimands for a regional education authority after security incident Reprimand or warning
The ANPD issued four reprimands to a regional education authority, among other things because it had not notified the persons affected by a security incident (Art. 48 LGPD), and for breaches of Arts. 37 and 38 LGPD and of the supervision regulation. On appeal, the Board of Directors upheld the reprimand for failure to notify in August 2024 and replaced the other three with a single reprimand for obstructing supervision, because the authority had not produced the requested evidence of its security measures.
Failing to provide the data protection authority with requested evidence risks an additional sanction on top of the underlying infringement.
Notifying data subjects and cooperating with the supervisory authority
- Authority / court
- Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD), Coordenação-Geral de Fiscalização
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 37, 38 und 48 Lei nº 13.709/2018 (LGPD); Art. 5 I Regulamento de Fiscalização (Resolução CD/ANPD nº 1/2021)
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 31 Jan 2024
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 31 Jan 2026 · Direct link
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17 Jan 2024 a Polish online retailerOnline retailer: renewed PLN 3.8m fine after data leak affecting 2.2m people €868,311
After the Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny (NSA, Supreme Administrative Court) had set aside the 2019 fine, UODO re-ran the proceedings against the online retailer and set a fine of PLN 3,819,960. The grounds were inadequate technical and organisational safeguards – including partly unencrypted data, no two-factor authentication, no risk analysis and no monitoring of network traffic – which led to data of around 2.2 million people being taken. The decision is not final.
Online retailers need encryption, two-factor access and monitoring of unusual data traffic before an attack happens.
Access protection and monitoring against data exfiltration in online retail
- Authority / court
- Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych (UODO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 5 Abs. 2, Art. 25 Abs. 1, Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und d sowie Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Published
- 8 Feb 2024
Original amount 3,819,960 PLN, converted at the ECB reference rate of 17 Jan 2024.
- UODO, Entscheidungsdatenbank (Suche) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
- UODO, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 17 Jan 2026 · Direct link
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16 Jan 2024 a Belgian data brokerBelgian data broker: fine for non-transparent data trading, reduced by 10% in court €157,176
The data broker processed data obtained from third-party sources (including the companies register) on a large scale and over a long period without proactively informing the data subjects; access requests were answered incompletely and the record of processing activities had gaps. The Autorité de protection des données (Belgian Data Protection Authority, APD) imposed three fines totalling 174,640 EUR and prohibited, among other things, one of the broker’s services for checking the quality of data until data subjects had been informed; on 4 September 2024 the Brussels Market Court set aside the orders and reduced the fines by 10% to a total of 157,176 EUR.
Anyone collecting data indirectly must actively inform data subjects – legitimate interest does not hold where laws prohibit further use.
- Authority / court
- Autorité de protection des données (APD/GBA) – Chambre Contentieuse
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO – Rechtmäßigkeit, Fairness und Transparenz, Auskunftsrecht, Verzeichnis von Verarbeitungstätigkeiten
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Mitigating circumstances
- Discontinuation of a service for supplying data and destruction of a consumer database.
- Published
- 16 Jan 2024
- APD/GBA, Startseite mit Entscheidungen (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 16 Jan 2026 · Direct link
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11 Jan 2024 a UK meal kit retailerICO: GBP 140,000 fine for meal kit company over around 80 million marketing emails and texts €162,517
On 11 January 2024 the ICO fined a UK meal kit retailer GBP 140,000. According to the ICO's findings, between 23 August 2021 and 23 February 2022 subscribers received 80,893,013 marketing messages from the company, comprising 79,779,279 emails and 1,113,734 texts, without valid consent; the opt-in statement did not mention marketing by text and was bundled with an age confirmation. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 22 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 12 February 2024 reduced the fine to GBP 112,000. The ICO published the case on 12 January 2024.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
Original amount 140,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 11 Jan 2024.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 11 Jan 2026 · Direct link
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11 Jan 2024 a UK company making home improvement marketing callsICO: GBP 100,000 fine for UK company over marketing calls about driveways and grants €116,083
On 11 January 2024 the ICO fined the company GBP 100,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 2 March and 31 May 2022 the company instigated 614,342 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers that had been registered with the TPS for more than 28 days; complainants said the calls promoted energy grants for resin driveways. The people called were also not given the caller information required by law. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulations 21 and 24 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 13 February 2024 reduced the fine to GBP 80,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
Original amount 100,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 11 Jan 2024.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 11 Jan 2026 · Direct link
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11 Jan 2024 a UK company sending debt advice marketing textsICO: GBP 50,000 fine for text marketer over unsolicited debt help texts €58,042
On 11 January 2024 the ICO fined the company GBP 50,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 14 March and 30 April 2022 the company sent 49,938 marketing text messages promoting debt advice and debt solutions, 31,329 of which were delivered, without valid consent and without identifying the sender. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulations 22 and 23 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 12 February 2024 reduced the fine to GBP 40,000. The ICO published the case on 19 January 2024.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 und 23 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
Original amount 50,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 11 Jan 2024.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 11 Jan 2026 · Direct link
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11 Jan 2024 an Italian municipalityGarante: €50,000 fine for an Italian city over AI surveillance in research projects €50,000
In two EU-funded research projects, the city analysed footage from existing surveillance cameras, audio from microphones in public spaces and posts from social networks using AI methods, without any legal basis for this processing, and shared the data with project partners. The Garante (Italian data protection authority) imposed a fine of 50,000 EUR, prohibited further processing of the collected data and ordered its erasure.
Public authorities need a statutory basis for AI-based analysis of camera, audio and social media data – a research project does not replace it.
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14 und 35 DSGVO; Art. 2-ter, 2-sexies und 2-octies Codice privacy (D.Lgs. 196/2003)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Mitigating circumstances
- Mitigating: video footage recorded only for a limited number of hours, action in good faith owing to an error of law (relying in part on the assessment of the city's own data protection officer) and public information about the projects.
- Published
- 25 Jan 2024
- Garante Privacy, Presse und Kommunikation (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 11 Jan 2026 · Direct link
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4 Jan 2024 an Austrian association organising a football leagueFootball league organiser: €11,000 for player data left online €11,000
The DSB (Datenschutzbehörde, Austrian data protection authority) fined an association that organises a football league 11,000 EUR. It had taken no measures to delete player data such as name, photo, year of birth and team completely from its public online database, had not fully complied with an erasure request and had not followed a final erasure order issued by the DSB in 2021. The authority treated the lack of cooperation in the penalty proceedings as an aggravating factor.
Anyone publishing personal data online needs a technical erasure concept from the outset, and orders of the supervisory authority must be implemented on time.
Erasure concepts for publicly accessible databases
- Authority / court
- Datenschutzbehörde (DSB)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 17, Art. 25 Abs. 1 und Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. c iVm Art. 83 Abs. 4 lit. a, Abs. 5 lit. a und Abs. 6 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Other
- Culpability
- intentional
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- No relevant previous infringements.
- RIS, Entscheidungen der Datenschutzbehörde (Suche) (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 4 Jan 2026 · Direct link
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29 Dec 2023 an Irish internet services providerCNIL: €10m fine for internet services provider over advertising cookies without consent €10m
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined an Irish internet services provider EUR 10,000,000 under Art. 82 of the Loi Informatique et Libertés (French Data Protection Act) because at least 20 advertising cookies were placed without prior consent when its web portal was visited, and users who wanted to withdraw their cookie consent were deterred by being told they would lose access to its e-mail service. The case arose from 27 complaints lodged in 2019 and 2020; the Conseil d'État (French supreme administrative court) dismissed the company's appeal on 7 October 2025.
Withdrawing cookie consent must not be tied to losing another service such as the e-mail account.
Cookie consent and its withdrawal
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Art. 82 Loi n° 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978 (Loi Informatique et Libertés)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Culpability
- negligent
- Published
- 18 Jan 2024
- CNIL, Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 29 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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29 Dec 2023 a French IT consultancyIT services firm: €100,000 fine for engaging a sub-processor without authorisation €100,000
The CNIL (Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés, French data protection authority) fined an unnamed IT consultancy (systems and software) EUR 100,000 because, as a processor, it engaged another processor without the controller's authorisation and failed to ensure data security. The decision appears only in the CNIL's list of sanctions, with date, type of organisation, infringements and amount.
Processors may engage sub-processors only with the controller's prior authorisation; controllers should set this out in the contract and check it.
Sub-processing only with authorisation
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- DSGVO – laut CNIL-Liste Verbot für Auftragsverarbeiter, ohne Genehmigung des Verantwortlichen einen weiteren Auftragsverarbeiter einzusetzen, sowie mangelnde Datensicherheit (Artikel in der Liste nicht angegeben)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- CNIL, Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 29 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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29 Dec 2023 a small French online marketing companyOnline marketing company: CNIL fine over prize-draw forms, reduced by the Conseil d'État €50,000
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined a small French online marketing company, operator of prize-draw and product-testing websites, EUR 75,000 and issued an order because its forms did not obtain free and unambiguous consent to the transfer of contact data to advertising partners and there was no record of processing activities (Art. 6 and 30 GDPR). The Conseil d'État (French supreme administrative court) found part of the Art. 6 GDPR finding unfounded and reduced the fine to EUR 50,000 on 20 May 2026; it upheld the criticism of the ambiguously labelled buttons.
Buttons for consent and for moving on must make the choice clear; a “next step” button next to “I accept” is not enough.
Designing consent forms
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 und 30 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- Under 50
- Published
- 30 Jan 2024
- CNIL, Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 29 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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28 Dec 2023 a Singapore online marketplaceOnline marketplace: 58,000 SGD and directions after two data breaches €39,609
At the online marketplace, a software bug in 2022 appended users' email addresses and names to chat messages sent to listing owners, and a faulty application programming interface allowed an attacker to scrape non-public user data; an individual then offered data of numerous marketplace users for sale on an online forum. On 28 December 2023 the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) found a negligent breach of the Protection Obligation because pre-launch testing was too narrowly scoped and functional and technical specifications were inadequately documented. It imposed 58,000 SGD and directed the marketplace to review its testing procedures and documentation and close any gaps.
Changes to platform features and interfaces need adequately scoped testing and proper documentation; otherwise data leaks arise from the organisation's own errors.
Secure software changes through adequate testing and documentation
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Data Protection Act 2012, s 24 (Protection Obligation); Geldbuße nach s 48J PDPA ([2023] SGPDPC 13)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Culpability
- negligent
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- Cooperation, prompt and effective remediation, no previous breaches and an early admission under the expedited procedure; the attacker was particularly sophisticated in evading the existing security measures.
- Published
- 22 Feb 2024
Original amount 58,000 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 28 Dec 2023.
- PDPC, Enforcement Decisions (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 28 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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27 Dec 2023 a Spanish mobile phone retailerAEPD: EUR 6.5m fine on a mobile phone retailer after a ransomware attack €6.5m
Following a ransomware attack on a Spanish mobile phone retailer notified in April 2021, which according to the notification affected around 13 million people, the Spanish data protection authority AEPD found inadequate technical and organisational security measures. It imposed 4,000,000 EUR for breaching Art. 5(1)(f) GDPR and 2,500,000 EUR under Art. 32 GDPR, 6,500,000 EUR in total, and ordered remedial measures; the request for reconsideration (recurso de reposición) was dismissed.
A retailer holding millions of customer records must secure access, passwords and network perimeters so that a single attack does not expose the entire database.
Protection against ransomware and security measures for customer data
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, Art. 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Employees
- 1,000 to 9,999
- Published
- 26 Dec 2024
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 27 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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21 Dec 2023 an online marketplace (Hong Kong entity)PCPD: enforcement notice against online marketplace after scraping of user data Order
After data of 2.6 million of the marketplace's users worldwide, including 324,232 accounts in Hong Kong, had been offered for sale on an online forum, the PCPD found that the marketplace's Hong Kong entity had breached DPP 4(1). The cause was a vulnerability in an application programming interface introduced during a system migration in January 2022; there was no privacy impact assessment, no complete code review, no thorough security assessment, no written code review policy and no effective detection measures. The PCPD issued an enforcement notice even though the systems were run centrally by the group.
A local company remains responsible for data security even where the group runs the systems centrally; migrations need a prior impact assessment and security review.
Data protection and code review during system migrations
- Authority / court
- Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), Hongkong
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Data Protection Principle 4(1) Schedule 1 und Section 50(1) Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Mitigating circumstances
- Prompt data breach notification to the PCPD and affected users, cooperation with the investigation, voluntary acknowledgement of its deficiencies, and technical and organisational measures taken by the group after the incident.
- Published
- 21 Dec 2023
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 21 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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21 Dec 2023 a luxury fashion company in Hong KongPCPD: enforcement notice against luxury fashion company over health data in chat groups Order
A supervisor at the luxury fashion company shared a photo of an employee's medical diagnosis certificate in a work chat group of around 14 members and forwarded the employee's sick note to another group of around 10 members. The PCPD regarded this as use of health data for a new purpose without express consent and thus a breach of DPP 3(1). It issued an enforcement notice requiring policies, their inclusion in training, staff awareness measures and regular monitoring.
Sick notes and diagnoses belong only with those who need them for HR decisions, not in team chats.
Handling employees' health data in messaging groups
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), Hongkong
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Data Protection Principle 3(1) Schedule 1 Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Published
- 21 Dec 2023
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 21 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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20 Dec 2023 a Hungarian IT provider of a nationwide school administration systemSchool administration system: HUF 110m against IT provider after hacking attack €285,544
The operator of a nationwide school administration system, which acts as processor for the schools, had not configured the security settings of its internal development environment in line with the risks; an attacker gained access to data through it. The company also failed to notify the responsible schools of the incident without undue delay. The NAIH (Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság, Hungarian data protection authority) imposed HUF 110,000,000 and ordered the company to inform the schools of the findings.
Development environments with access to real data need the same protection as production systems, and a processor must inform its controllers of an incident without delay.
Security of development and test environments; processor's duty to notify
- Authority / court
- Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság (NAIH)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und Abs. 2, Art. 33 Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 20 Dec 2023
Original amount 110,000,000 HUF, converted at the ECB reference rate of 20 Dec 2023.
- NAIH, Beschlüsse (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 20 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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20 Dec 2023 an English NHS hospital trustICO: reprimand for NHS hospital trust over a misdirected appointment letter Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English NHS hospital trust. According to the ICO's findings, a hospital administrator sent an appointment letter for a child's medical examination to the wrong address, the home of the mother's relatives rather than the father's, together with an advice leaflet, causing significant distress to the family. The ICO criticised the trust for being unable to show a documented process or adequate guidance for handling particularly sensitive correspondence received through unusual channels. It found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f) and 5(1)(d) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) und 5(1)(d) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 20 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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20 Dec 2023 a UK prosecuting authorityICO: enforcement notice against prosecuting authority after an unencrypted USB stick was passed on Order
On 20 December 2023 the ICO served an enforcement notice on a UK prosecuting authority. According to the ICO's findings, on 18 March 2018 a member of staff copied a case file concerning historic child abuse from one of its systems onto a personal, unencrypted USB stick in order to pass it to a colleague; the device later ended up with an unauthorised third party. The ICO treated this as a breach of the sixth data protection principle (security) under section 40 DPA 2018 and required the authority to take remedial steps. The ICO published the case on 18 January 2024.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Section 40 DPA 2018; Enforcement Notice nach section 149(2)(a) DPA 2018
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 20 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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18 Dec 2023 a Dutch credit card issuerAP: €150,000 fine for a card issuer for failing to carry out a DPIA €150,000
The card issuer, an issuer of debit and credit cards, began re-identifying and verifying its customers online in 2019 without first carrying out a data protection impact assessment. The AP (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Dutch data protection authority) found an infringement of Art. 35(1) GDPR and imposed a fine of 150,000 EUR.
Before introducing high-risk processing such as re-identifying the entire customer base, a DPIA must be carried out and documented.
Data protection impact assessment before high-risk processing
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 35 Abs. 1 DSGVO (AVG)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 16 Jan 2024
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Bußgelder und Sanktionen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 18 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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14 Dec 2023 a Bulgarian state authorityCJEU: after hacker attack, a Bulgarian state authority must prove adequate security –
Following a cyber attack in 2019, data on millions of people from the IT system of the authority was published on the internet. The Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that the controller must prove the adequacy of its protective measures, can be liable even for attacks by third parties, and that the mere fear of misuse of data can constitute non-material damage.
After an attack, the company bears the burden of proving adequate security – documenting the measures protects against liability.
- Authority / court
- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 24, Art. 32, Art. 82
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 14 Dec 2023
- Gerichtshof der EU, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Court press release
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 5 · Company name anonymised since 14 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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12 Dec 2023 an Austrian companyCompany reports ransomware attack too late and too vaguely: €5,900 fine €5,900
The DSB (Datenschutzbehörde, Austrian data protection authority) fined a limited company 5,900 EUR because it reported a personal data breach caused by a ransomware attack, known since 6 March 2023, only on 24 April 2023, limited the notification to general statements (according to the findings, to satisfy its insurer) and did not respond to the authority's follow-up requests. The DSB treated the late notification as negligent and the other infringements as intentional. Because cooperation was still lacking afterwards, it imposed 600 EUR in a further penalty decision on 7 October 2024.
After a cyber attack, the notification to the data protection authority must be made on time and in full, whatever the insurer requires.
Reporting personal data breaches within 72 hours
- Authority / court
- Datenschutzbehörde (DSB)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 33 Abs. 1 und 3 sowie Art. 31 iVm Art. 83 Abs. 1 und 4 lit. a DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Other
- Culpability
- intentional
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- No relevant previous infringements.
- RIS, Entscheidungen der Datenschutzbehörde (Suche) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 12 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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11 Dec 2023 a US ride-hailing platform and its Dutch subsidiaryAP: €10m fine for a ride-hailing platform over lack of transparency towards drivers €10m
The Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP, Dutch data protection authority) imposed fines totalling 10,000,000 EUR jointly on the US ride-hailing platform and its Dutch subsidiary. The findings included guidance for drivers being available only in English, answers to access requests that were not easily accessible, a form for access and data portability that was hard to find in the driver app, and insufficient information in the privacy notice on retention periods, transfers to third countries and the right to data portability.
Privacy notices and access channels must be easy to use, both linguistically and technically, for the people actually affected.
Transparency and data subject rights towards platform workers
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12 Abs. 1 und 2, Art. 13 Abs. 1 lit. f und Abs. 2 lit. a und b DSGVO (AVG)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 31 Jan 2024
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Bußgelder und Sanktionen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 11 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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11 Dec 2023 an Austrian bankBank deletes customer data instead of granting access: DSB fine of €9,500 €9,500
The DSB (Datenschutzbehörde, Austrian data protection authority) fined a bank limited by shares 9,500 EUR because it treated a customer's access request under Art. 15 GDPR internally as an erasure request, deleted her data and sent her only general information. The authority found negligence; mitigating factors were the absence of previous infringements, cooperation and insight. For the calculation the bank was placed in the turnover band of 50 to 100 million EUR.
Data subject requests must be classified correctly before they are processed; answering an access request with erasure infringes the right of access twice over.
Handling data subject access requests correctly
- Authority / court
- Datenschutzbehörde (DSB)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12 und 15 Abs. 1 iVm Art. 83 Abs. 1 und 5 lit. b DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Culpability
- negligent
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- No previous infringements; cooperation in the proceedings, admission of the misconduct and insight.
- RIS, Entscheidungen der Datenschutzbehörde (Suche) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 11 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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7 Dec 2023 a UK government departmentICO: GBP 350,000 fine for government department over disclosed email addresses of Afghans seeking relocation €408,163
The ICO fined a UK government department GBP 350,000. According to the ICO's findings, the handling of personal data by the ARAP team responsible for relocations from Afghanistan suffered from serious technical and organisational shortcomings. On 20 September 2021 the email addresses of 245 people were placed in the "To" field instead of BCC, putting their lives at risk; together with two similar incidents earlier in September 2021, 265 email addresses were disclosed. The ICO found an infringement of Article 5(1)(f) UK GDPR. It set the penalty at GBP 700,000 before halving it in line with its approach to public sector bodies. The notice is dated 7 December 2023; the ICO enforcement list shows it under 26 February 2024.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) UK GDPR; Geldbuße nach section 155 DPA 2018
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
Original amount 350,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 7 Dec 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 7 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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7 Dec 2023 DSB: 20,000 EUR against restaurant business over constant surveillance of kitchen and pick-up area €20,000
A restaurant company with a delivery and pick-up service (name pseudonymised) recorded workstations in the kitchen and pick-up area without interruption, even outside opening hours, and stored the recordings for 14 days. In addition, there had been no record of processing activities since 2018; the Austrian data protection authority (Datenschutzbehörde, DSB) imposed 20,000 EUR, and the penalty decision is final.
Even small businesses may not film employees permanently – and they need a record of their processing activities.
- Authority / court
- Datenschutzbehörde (DSB)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und c, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 30 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Food and agriculture
- RIS, Entscheidungen der Datenschutzbehörde (Suche) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 7 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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7 Dec 2023 an Austrian non-profit housing companyNon-profit housing company: €10,000 for ignoring data protection authority requests €10,000
The DSB (Datenschutzbehörde, Austrian data protection authority) fined a non-profit housing company limited by shares 10,000 EUR because it left several requests for comments in a complaint procedure between November 2021 and June 2022 unanswered, thereby breaching its duty to cooperate with the supervisory authority. The cause was internal failings in forwarding official letters; the DSB found conditional intent. Mitigating factors were the confession, the absence of previous infringements and a new control system for official mail together with staff training.
Mail from supervisory authorities needs a reliable internal intake and forwarding process with deadline control, otherwise silence alone leads to a fine.
Handling letters from the data protection authority
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Datenschutzbehörde (DSB)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 31 iVm Art. 58 Abs. 1 lit. a und e DSGVO; Art. 83 Abs. 4 lit. a DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
- Culpability
- intentional
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- No previous infringements; cooperation, insight and confession; new control system for official documents and internal data protection training.
- RIS, Entscheidungen der Datenschutzbehörde (Suche) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 7 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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5 Dec 2023 a UK sender of marketing textsICO: enforcement notice for sender of 304,071 marketing texts without consent Order
The ICO issued the company with an enforcement notice requiring it to send marketing texts only with valid consent and with an identifiable sender. Between 1 November 2022 and 31 July 2023 the company had sent 304,071 marketing text messages without valid consent, partly using data obtained indirectly through third parties, and had concealed the sender through hundreds of unregistered pay-as-you-go SIM cards and websites that did not correctly identify it; some of the messages promoted loans and debt solutions. According to Companies House, the company has been dissolved since 26 March 2024.
Consent obtained indirectly through third parties is rarely sufficient for marketing texts, and concealing the sender is a further breach of PECR.
Consent for SMS marketing, bought-in contact data, sender identification
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Reg. 22 und 23 PECR; Section 40 Data Protection Act 1998 (i. V. m. Schedule 1 PECR)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- ICO, Enforcement (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 5 Dec 2025 · Direct link
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30 Nov 2023 a UK subsidiary of an Irish bankICO: reprimand for UK bank over inaccurate reports to credit reference agencies Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the UK subsidiary of an Irish bank. According to the ICO's findings, between 2018 and 2020 the bank sent inaccurate data about 3,282 UK customers to credit reference agencies. The problem concerned defaulted loan accounts that had been sold to debt collectors; default status and outstanding balances were recorded incorrectly, which could affect credit profiles. The ICO found infringements of Articles 5(1)(d) and 5(2) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(d) und 5(2) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 30 Nov 2025 · Direct link
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29 Nov 2023 an English local councilICO: reprimand for local council over disclosure of a new address Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English local council. According to the ICO's findings, a resident phoned the council with her new address, but a member of staff recorded it only in the notes rather than in the address field. The council then sent a letter containing the new address to her previous address, which she had shared with her ex-partner, even though it knew of domestic abuse allegations against him; he opened the letter. The ICO criticised the lack of a written process for address changes, the absence of alerts for vulnerable service users and incomplete data protection training. It found an infringement of Article 5(1)(f) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 29 Nov 2025 · Direct link
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23 Nov 2023 a Scottish regional health boardICO: reprimand for health board after an unauthorised person gained access to a ward Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a Scottish regional health board. According to the ICO's findings, an unauthorised individual got onto a hospital ward and, because there were no identity checks and the process was unclear, was handed a handover document containing personal and health data of 14 patients and helped to care for one patient; the document was taken away and has not been recovered. The ICO also criticised the absence of any procedure for recording whether such documents were destroyed at the end of a shift, and an overall training rate of 42%. It found an infringement of Article 5(1)(f) UK GDPR; its reasoning also refers to Article 32(2) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) UK GDPR (in der Begründung zusätzlich Art. 32(2) UK GDPR); Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 23 Nov 2025 · Direct link
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16 Nov 2023 a UK mobile and broadband lead generatorICO: GBP 70,000 fine for lead generator over more than a million marketing texts and emails without consent €79,982
On 16 November 2023 the ICO fined a UK company that generates mobile and broadband leads for communications providers GBP 70,000. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 January and 11 November 2021 subscribers received 1,164,877 marketing texts and emails sent by the company without valid consent. Some of the consents came from third-party websites; the ICO considered them not freely given, because people could only agree by accepting calls, emails and texts together, and in some cases neither specific nor informed. The ICO became aware of the company through 1,103 complaints to the 7726 spam reporting service and treated the conduct as a breach of regulation 22 of PECR. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 56,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
Original amount 70,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 16 Nov 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 16 Nov 2025 · Direct link
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13 Nov 2023 a German business that commissioned sales calls for energy supplyBNetzA: €285,000 fine on business that commissioned sales calls for energy supply €285,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined a business that had commissioned sales calls for energy supply 285,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. Together with the other energy proceedings it contributed to total fines of 1.435 million EUR for unlawful telephone advertising imposed by the agency in 2023.
Even a business that merely commissions sales calls can itself be fined – consent of the people called should be checked before a campaign starts.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Bundesnetzagentur, Maßnahmen gegen unerlaubte Telefonwerbung mit Archiv-Übersicht der Bußgelder ab 2017 (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 13 Nov 2025 · Direct link
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9 Nov 2023 a UK marketing companyICO: GBP 150,000 fine for marketing firm over marketing calls about accident claims €172,008
On 9 November 2023 the ICO fined the company GBP 150,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 8 June 2021 and 4 February 2022 the company instigated 242,497 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers registered with the TPS; the calls sought road traffic accident and personal injury claims and used a range of company names. The people called were also not given the caller information required by law. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulations 21 and 24 of PECR. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 120,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 150,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 9 Nov 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 9 Nov 2025 · Direct link
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9 Nov 2023 a UK life insurance and later-life planning providerICO: GBP 90,000 fine for a later-life planning firm over calls to TPS numbers €103,205
In November 2023 the ICO fined a UK company that sold life insurance and other later-life planning services such as funeral plans GBP 90,000 and also served an enforcement notice. According to the ICO's findings, over one year from August 2021 the company made 74,119 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers that had been registered with the TPS for at least 28 days, presenting itself under a different trading name. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR and took into account as aggravating factors, among others, a lack of cooperation and a failure to check where its data came from. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 72,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
Original amount 90,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 9 Nov 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 9 Nov 2025 · Direct link
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2 Nov 2023 a Czech transport companyÚOOÚ: CZK 7.7m fine for a transport company over marketing emails for third parties €312,576
The Czech data protection authority ÚOOÚ (Office for Personal Data Protection) fined an unnamed transport company 7,700,000 CZK, according to the authority the highest final fine it had imposed up to then. Since 2015 the company had inserted discount and voucher offers of third parties into purchase confirmation emails without prior consent, reaching more than 40 million addressees in total, with no way to refuse them, no clear labelling as advertising and no identification of the business being promoted.
The existing-customer exemption only covers marketing for one's own similar products; partner offers in transactional emails require prior consent.
Email marketing for third parties and the limits of the existing-customer exemption
- Authority / court
- Úřad pro ochranu osobních údajů (ÚOOÚ)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- § 7 Zákon č. 480/2004 Sb. (Gesetz über bestimmte Dienste der Informationsgesellschaft)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Published
- 2 Nov 2023
Original amount 7,700,000 CZK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 2 Nov 2023.
- ÚOOÚ, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 2 Nov 2025 · Direct link
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2 Nov 2023 a Dutch municipalityAP: €30,000 fine for a Dutch municipality over long-term storage of waste data €30,000
Using chips in residual waste bins and access tokens for underground containers, the municipality stored for a long time when each household disposed of waste, although this was not necessary for its waste collection, which does not use volume-based charging, and it did not inform residents about these data, their purpose or the legal basis. Following an enforcement request, the AP (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Dutch data protection authority) imposed a fine of 30,000 EUR on the board of mayor and aldermen.
Public bodies too may keep usage data generated by technology only for as long as their task requires and must be open about it.
Necessity and information duties when municipalities record usage data
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a i. V. m. Art. 6 Abs. 1 lit. e sowie Art. 14 Abs. 1 lit. c und d DSGVO (AVG)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Mitigating circumstances
- The board accepted all findings, had the software adapted, informed residents again and deleted the historical data; given the low seriousness, the AP set the fine below the minimum of the fining range of 120,000 EUR.
- Published
- 17 Nov 2023
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Bußgelder und Sanktionen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 2 Nov 2025 · Direct link
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30 Oct 2023 an English NHS university hospital trustICO: reprimand for NHS hospital trust over unprocessed referrals Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English NHS university hospital trust. According to the ICO's findings, outpatient referrals dropped off the worklist of the electronic referral system after 180 days and were lost to the hospital after more than 550 days; the trust had set up neither a formal process nor training for the manual follow-up. A total of 4,768 people were affected: 4,199 had their referrals delayed and for 569 the data disappeared from the system; some waited more than two years for treatment. The ICO found an infringement of Article 5(1)(f) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 30 Oct 2025 · Direct link
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26 Oct 2023 a Spanish major bankAEPD: €5m fine for major bank over other customers’ transfer receipts in account access €5m
A customer of the bank was able to view another customer's transfer receipt over a long period; the investigation revealed shortcomings in system design and security measures. The AEPD imposed 2,000,000 EUR (Art. 5(1)(f)), 1,500,000 EUR (Art. 25) and 1,500,000 EUR (Art. 32), 5,000,000 EUR in total, and ordered remedial measures within nine months.
Banking systems must be designed from the outset so that customer documents cannot be displayed to other customers.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, 25, 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 18 Apr 2024
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 26 Oct 2025 · Direct link
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26 Oct 2023 a UK company making marketing callsICO: GBP 240,000 fine for UK company over some 1.35 million calls to TPS numbers €275,324
On 26 October 2023 the ICO fined the company GBP 240,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 11 February 2021 and 22 March 2022 the company's activity resulted in around 1.35 million connected unsolicited marketing calls to numbers registered with the TPS and 74 complaints; in total it placed more than 8.5 million calls. According to the ICO case page, complainants reported repeated calls despite asking for them to stop and aggressive callers. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 192,000. The ICO enforcement list shows the case under 20 October 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 240,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Oct 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 26 Oct 2025 · Direct link
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26 Oct 2023 a UK marketing text platformICO: GBP 65,000 fine for text messaging platform over 2.3 million marketing texts €74,567
On 26 October 2023 the ICO fined a UK platform for sending marketing texts GBP 65,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 January 2021 and 31 January 2022 subscribers received 2,330,423 marketing texts without valid consent; the company sent 24,309 of them itself, and its clients sent the remaining 2,306,114 over lines that it allowed them to use. The company relied on legitimate interests rather than consent, and the messages it sent itself did not identify the sender. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulations 22 and 23 of PECR. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 52,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 (einschließlich 22(4)) und 23 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice) wegen Regulation 22 PECR
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
Original amount 65,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Oct 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 26 Oct 2025 · Direct link
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26 Oct 2023 a UK police serviceICO: reprimand for police service over unlawful sharing of data with the US Department of Homeland Security Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a UK police service. According to the ICO's findings, from 2016 until 15 October 2020 the force's extradition unit shared personal data of 174 people with the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) outside the established procedures, including identifiers, information from ESTA (US electronic travel authorisation) and visa applications, information on missing persons, criminal conviction data and biometric data. The ICO criticised the lack of managerial oversight and insufficiently regulated access to systems. It found infringements of sections 34(3), 35(1), 40, 42(1) and 73(1) DPA 2018 (Part 3). The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · International data transfers
- Legal basis
- Section 34(3), 35(1), 40, 42(1) und 73(1) DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 26 Oct 2025 · Direct link
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25 Oct 2023 a Spanish energy supplierAEPD: €6.1m fine for Spanish energy supplier after login credentials were offered online €6.1m
The energy supplier learned of unauthorised access to customer data through adverts on a social network offering login credentials to one of the supplier's platforms. The AEPD imposed 2,500,000 EUR (Art. 5(1)(f)), 1,500,000 EUR (Art. 32), 800,000 EUR each for the late notification (Art. 33) and the incomplete communication to data subjects (Art. 34) and 500,000 EUR for transfers to service providers in third countries (Art. 44), 6,100,000 EUR in total, and ordered the transfers to be brought into line with the law.
When login credentials are openly offered for sale, access must be blocked, the breach notified and those affected fully informed without delay.
Protecting login credentials and notifying data breaches on time
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f, 32, 33, 34, 44 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Published
- 26 Jan 2024
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 25 Oct 2025 · Direct link
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24 Oct 2023 a Singaporean online language learning platform providerSingaporean language learning platform: 74,000 SGD after guessed admin password and no DPO €50,922
At the operator of an online language learning platform for children, an attacker used a brute force attack in April 2022 to guess the password of an administrator account, weak and unchanged for more than two years, and accessed data on numerous users worldwide, including students and teachers' salary and bank details. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) found negligent breaches of the Protection Obligation owing to the lack of password rules and of the Accountability Obligation because no data protection officer had been designated since incorporation in 2016. It imposed 74,000 SGD and rejected the requested reduction to no more than 35,000 SGD; no directions were issued because remediation had been carried out.
Administrator accounts with access to large volumes of children's data need complex, regularly changed passwords, and a data protection officer is not a formality but an obligation from the outset.
Strong, regularly changed passwords for administrator accounts
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Section 24 PDPA 2012 (Protection Obligation); Section 11(3) PDPA (Accountability Obligation); Section 48J PDPA (Financial Penalty)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- No evidence of exfiltration or misuse, prompt remediation including notification of users, voluntary admission and cooperation.
- Published
- 21 Mar 2024
Original amount 74,000 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 24 Oct 2023.
- PDPC, Enforcement Decisions (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 24 Oct 2025 · Direct link
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17 Oct 2023 an Icelandic event hall operatorIceland: event hall operator fined over CCTV surveillance at events €23,891
Persónuvernd (Icelandic Data Protection Authority) fined the operator of an Icelandic event hall 3,500,000 ISK after finding on 7 February 2023 that video surveillance during events held by third parties took place without a legal basis, without a specified legitimate purpose and without adequate information. Weighing heavily was that the cameras also covered rooms where children and young people stayed overnight as well as Covid-19 mass vaccinations, and that the surveillance had affected a very large number of people since at least 2008.
Video surveillance at event venues needs a clearly defined purpose and a legal basis and must not capture sensitive situations such as children staying overnight or healthcare services.
Video surveillance at event venues: purpose, legal basis and sensitive areas
- Authority / court
- Persónuvernd
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 Bst. a und b, Art. 5 Abs. 2, Art. 6 Abs. 1 und Art. 13 DSGVO; § 8 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 und 2 und Abs. 2, §§ 9 und 17 Abs. 2 Gesetz Nr. 90/2018 (isländisches Datenschutzgesetz); Geldbuße nach § 46 Abs. 3 Gesetz Nr. 90/2018 i.V.m. Art. 83 Abs. 5 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Mitigating circumstances
- There was signage, albeit inadequate; the company cooperated with the authority and partly implemented the earlier orders; no financial damage (given little weight by the authority).
- Published
- 17 Oct 2023
Original amount 3,500,000 ISK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 17 Oct 2023.
- Persónuvernd, Entscheidungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 17 Oct 2025 · Direct link
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12 Oct 2023 a French pay-TV providerCNIL: €600,000 fine for pay-TV provider over marketing using partners' contact data €600,000
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined a French pay-TV provider EUR 600,000, among other things because in 2021 it sent electronic marketing to around 3.9 million people whose data two internet service providers had collected with consent given in favour of unnamed “partners”, informed data subjects inadequately and did not handle data subject requests correctly. The CNIL also criticised the contracts with processors, employees' passwords hashed with MD4 and the failure to notify a personal data breach to the CNIL (Art. 7(1), 12–15, 28, 32 and 33 GDPR; Art. L. 34-5 CPCE, the French Post and Electronic Communications Code). On 5 May 2025 the Conseil d'État (French supreme administrative court) stayed the appeal proceedings and referred questions to the CJEU on consent given to an original data collector for the benefit of partners.
Anyone using partners' contact data for marketing must check whether consent was given specifically enough to cover them as the sender.
Consent for marketing using partners' data
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 7 Abs. 1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 28, 32 und 33 DSGVO; Art. L. 34-5 Code des postes et des communications électroniques (CPCE)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 1,000 to 9,999
- Published
- 19 Oct 2023
- CNIL, Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 12 Oct 2025 · Direct link
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6 Oct 2023 two English police forcesICO: reprimands for two police forces after a server was shut down by mistake Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued reprimands to the chief constables of two neighbouring English police forces. According to the ICO's findings, on 21 June 2021 the two forces' shared IT service, while carrying out security clean-up work, mistakenly decommissioned a server holding an application of one of the forces with data from November 2001 to early 2014; the data, including unsanitised records with details of sources, allegations and previous convictions, cannot be recovered. The ICO regarded both forces as joint controllers and found infringements of sections 40 and 66(1) DPA 2018 (Part 3). The reprimands are undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Section 40 und 66(1) DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 6 Oct 2025 · Direct link
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5 Oct 2023 a Croatian debt collection companyCroatia: 5.47 million EUR against debt collection company after data leak €5.47m
An anonymous tip-off accompanied by a USB stick proved that data of 181,641 debtors had leaked from the debt collection company’s records; there were no systems for detecting unusual data retrievals. In addition, the company stored health data up to and including diagnoses, data of non-debtors and call recordings without a legal basis; the Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (Croatian Personal Data Protection Agency, AZOP) imposed 5.47 million EUR.
Employees’ free-text notes can turn into impermissible health data – clear recording rules and monitoring of data retrievals are mandatory.
No recording of health data in call notes
- Authority / court
- Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (AZOP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 2, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 9 Abs. 2, Art. 12, 13, 32 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 5 Oct 2023
- AZOP, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 5 Oct 2025 · Direct link
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3 Oct 2023 a UK company sending debt solutions marketing textsICO: GBP 50,000 fine for text marketer over debt solution marketing texts €57,620
On 3 October 2023 the ICO fined the company GBP 50,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. The company ran a website where consumers entered details of their debts, which were passed to providers of debt solutions. According to the ICO's findings, between 24 March and 7 September 2021 subscribers received 415,041 marketing texts from the company about debt solutions without valid consent. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 22 of PECR. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 40,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
Original amount 50,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 3 Oct 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 3 Oct 2025 · Direct link
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28 Sep 2023 an Italian energy supplierGarante: €10m fine for energy supplier over energy contracts customers never ordered €10m
The energy supplier concluded electricity and gas contracts through a network of around 280 door-to-door sales agents without using alert systems, agency checks or accuracy checks to ensure that the data entered belonged to the actual users of the supply points; this led to unsolicited contracts with inaccurate or outdated data of more than 5,000 people. The Garante (Italian data protection authority) imposed a fine of 10,000,000 EUR, ordered technical and organisational remedial measures and definitively restricted further processing of the data of the customers concerned.
Contract data from field sales must be checked for accuracy and for the customer's genuine intention before activation.
Data accuracy and oversight in field sales
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und d, Art. 5 Abs. 2 und Art. 24 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Culpability
- negligent
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- Prompt initial measures to limit the consequences, active cooperation, no previous infringements and the costs the company had borne in favour of complainants with unsolicited contracts.
- Published
- 23 Oct 2023
- Garante Privacy, Presse und Kommunikation (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 28 Sep 2025 · Direct link
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28 Sep 2023 a UK company making pension marketing callsICO: GBP 55,000 fine for UK company over pension calls to TPS and CTPS numbers €63,707
On 28 September 2023 the ICO fined the company GBP 55,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 January and 28 September 2022 the company made 20,939 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers that had been registered with the TPS or CTPS for more than 28 days; the ICO came across the company during an investigation into unsolicited pension calls. The people called were also not given the caller information required by law. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulations 21 and 24 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 31 October 2023 reduced the fine to GBP 44,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
Original amount 55,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 28 Sep 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 28 Sep 2025 · Direct link
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26 Sep 2023 a Romanian energy supplierRomanian energy supplier: RON 164,150 for publicly accessible customer file and cookies €33,028
For about two and a half years, a file containing names, addresses, telephone numbers, e-mail addresses and contract data of at least 750 people was available on the energy supplier's website and findable via search engines. The website also set non-essential cookies before consent and kept them even after refusal. The ANSPDCP (Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal, Romanian data protection authority) imposed RON 124,150 under the GDPR and RON 40,000 under Law 506/2004 (RON 164,150 in total) and ordered remedial action.
Check websites regularly for publicly indexed files and make sure that refusing cookies actually takes effect technically.
Publicly accessible files on websites; cookie banners without effect
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und d, Abs. 2 DSGVO; Art. 4 Abs. 5 Legea nr. 506/2004 (rumänisches ePrivacy-Gesetz)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Published
- 26 Sep 2023
Original amount 164,150 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Sep 2023.
- ANSPDCP, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 26 Sep 2025 · Direct link
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21 Sep 2023 two Luxembourg public bodiesTwo Luxembourg public bodies: EUR 2,500 over GPS tracking of service vehicles €2,500
The CNPD (Luxembourg data protection authority) fined two public bodies acting as joint controllers EUR 2,500 over their geolocation system in service vehicles and construction machinery. One of the purposes stated to employees, the monitoring of goods of a particular nature, did not reflect the actual activity and was therefore not a legitimate purpose; employees were also insufficiently informed. Within two months the bodies had to inform every person concerned individually, fully and clearly about the tracking.
GPS tracking of service vehicles may only rely on purposes that reflect the actual activity, and every person concerned must be informed individually and in full.
Geolocation of service vehicles and informing employees
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale pour la protection des données (CNPD), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(b) und 13 DSGVO; Art. 58(2)(d) und 83 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- CNPD Luxembourg, Décisions et sanctions (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 21 Sep 2025 · Direct link
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20 Sep 2023 a Danish hotel chainDanish hotel chain: 1 million DKK for customer profiles not deleted €134,178
A supervisory visit revealed that the hotel chain had not deleted around 500,000 customer profiles even though its own retention periods had long expired. The district court had established the infringement but refrained from imposing a penalty; the High Court imposed 1 million DKK.
Setting one’s own retention periods is not enough – their implementation in every system must be technically ensured and checked.
- Authority / court
- Østre Landsret (auf Anzeige der Datatilsynet)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 1,000,000 DKK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 20 Sep 2023.
- Datatilsynet, Entscheidungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
- Domsdatabasen, Urteilsdatenbank (Suche) (Entscheidung 2023) Court decision
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 20 Sep 2025 · Direct link
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18 Sep 2023 a French air freight companyCNIL: €200,000 fine for air freight firm over questions on ethnicity and party membership €200,000
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined a French air freight company, a subsidiary of a Chinese group, EUR 200,000. Using a Chinese-language form for mobility requests within the group, the company had asked employees about family members, ethnic origin and party membership, kept criminal record extracts in personnel files and supplied the CNIL with deliberately incomplete translations of the form (Art. 5(1)(c), 9, 10 and 31 GDPR). The Conseil d'État (French supreme administrative court) dismissed the appeal on 19 November 2024.
Group-wide HR forms must be checked for special categories of data before being used in the EU, even when they come from a foreign parent company.
Sensitive employee data in HR forms
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. c, 9, 10 und 31 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Published
- 28 Sep 2023
- CNIL, Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 18 Sep 2025 · Direct link
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13 Sep 2023 a UK provider of appliance repair and service plansICO: GBP 65,000 fine for service plan provider over appliance service calls to TPS numbers €75,502
On 13 September 2023 the ICO fined a UK provider of repair and service plans for household appliances GBP 65,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO, the company came to its attention during an investigation into marketing calls to elderly and vulnerable people about maintenance and warranty cover for household appliances. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 January and 31 August 2021 the company made 15,288 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers registered with the TPS. The people called were also not given the caller information required by law. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulations 21 and 24 of PECR. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 52,000. The ICO published the case on 21 September 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 65,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 13 Sep 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 13 Sep 2025 · Direct link
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8 Sep 2023 a UK government departmentICO: reprimand for government department after adoption data was disclosed to an excluded father Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a UK government department. According to the ICO's findings, details of the parties to an adoption case were disclosed to the birth father, even though a judge had excluded him from the proceedings because he posed a risk to the family. According to the ICO, the cause was an unwritten local practice of removing the cover sheet recording sharing restrictions from the file, combined with inadequate checks of the file; in addition, the electronic filing system could hold only one note at a time, so the restriction note had been overwritten. The ICO found no mitigating factors. It found an infringement of Article 5(1)(f) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 8 Sep 2025 · Direct link
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4 Sep 2023 a Singapore leasing providerLeasing provider: 82,000 SGD after a ransomware attack €56,080
In June 2022 the leasing and hire-purchase provider discovered that ransomware had encrypted seven servers and six employee computers holding data of numerous individuals (customers, guarantors and employees), including identity, income and bank details. On 4 September 2023 the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) found a breach of the Protection Obligation because a patch for the exploited vulnerability in its VPN device had been available for two years and nine months without being installed and administrator accounts had no multi-factor authentication, and imposed 82,000 SGD.
Install security updates promptly and protect administrator accounts with multi-factor authentication: both are regarded as minimum standards.
Patch management and multi-factor authentication for administrator accounts
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Data Protection Act 2012, s 24 (Protection Obligation); s 48J PDPA ([2023] SGPDPC 9)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Mitigating circumstances
- Cooperation, prompt remediation and voluntary acceptance of responsibility under the expedited procedure.
- Published
- 10 Nov 2023
Original amount 82,000 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 4 Sep 2023.
- PDPC, Enforcement Decisions (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 4 Sep 2025 · Direct link
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1 Sep 2023 a major Irish platform operatorDPC: 345 million EUR against platform over public default settings for children’s accounts €345m
In the second half of 2020, children’s accounts were public by default; the Data Protection Commission (DPC, the Irish data protection authority) also examined the settings of the feature for linking parent and child accounts and age verification and found infringements of, among other things, data minimisation, data security, data protection by default and transparency towards children. Following a binding decision of the European Data Protection Board (EDPB), it added an infringement of the fairness principle owing to manipulative design patterns (“dark patterns”), imposed 345 million EUR, issued a reprimand and ordered the processing to be brought into compliance within three months.
Set privacy-friendly defaults for children – “public by default” and design tricks count as unfair processing.
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC); Streitbeilegung durch den Europäischen Datenschutzausschuss (Art. 65 DSGVO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, c, f, Art. 12 Abs. 1, Art. 13 Abs. 1 lit. e, Art. 24 Abs. 1, Art. 25 Abs. 1 und 2
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 15 Sep 2023
- DPC, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 3 · Company name anonymised since 1 Sep 2025 · Direct link
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31 Aug 2023 a South African pharmacy chainPharmacy chain: order after breach at service provider exposing some 3.6 million records Order
In April and May 2022, unauthorised parties used a brute-force attack at a service provider to access some 3.6 million records (names, email addresses, mobile numbers) from the pharmacy chain's e-statement service; the regulator found weak passwords, inadequate monitoring, no written contract with the operator and a failure to notify the data subjects. By enforcement notice of 31 August 2023 it ordered, among other things, a personal information impact assessment, an incident response plan, PCI DSS measures and written contracts with all operators; in March 2024 it confirmed compliance and closed the file.
Anyone passing customer data to service providers needs a contract with security and notification obligations – and must notify data subjects themselves after an incident.
Password security and management of service providers
- Authority / court
- Information Regulator (South Africa)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Sections 19(1)(b), 19(2), 19(3), 21(1) und 22(1)(b) Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA); Enforcement Notice nach Section 95 POPIA
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Published
- 1 Sep 2023
- Information Regulator (South Africa), Veröffentlichung der Behörde (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 8 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 31 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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28 Aug 2023 a Swedish branch of a Danish insurerInsurer: SEK 35m as customer documents were accessible via alterable web links €2.94m
The Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY, Swedish data protection authority) fined the insurer 35,000,000 SEK. From October 2018 to February 2021, insurance documents containing health, financial and contact data and personal identity numbers of around 650,000 customers could be reached via web addresses whose document number could be altered; the vulnerability existed at another insurer, which merged into the company in 2022. According to the company, a telephone tip-off to customer service at the end of November 2020 was not recognised as a possible incident and was not passed on internally.
External tip-offs about data leaks must be recognised in customer service as well and passed on to IT security immediately.
Recognising and escalating security tip-offs in customer service; secure access control for online documents
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. f und Art. 32 Abs. 1 DSGVO; Art. 58 Abs. 2 und Art. 83 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
Original amount 35,000,000 SEK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 28 Aug 2023.
- IMY, Aufsichtsverfahren (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 28 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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16 Aug 2023 a London borough councilICO: reprimand for London borough council over late subject access responses Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a London borough council. According to the ICO's findings, between 3 January 2022 and 3 January 2023 the council failed to respond to 35 per cent of subject access requests within the statutory time limits of one and three months. As a mitigating factor, the ICO took into account a backlog that built up during the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly for requests involving paper records about children and young people. The ICO found infringements of Articles 12(3) and 15(1) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3) und 15(1) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 16 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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11 Aug 2023 an English county councilICO: reprimand for county council over unredacted child assessment reports Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English county council. According to the ICO's findings, a social worker sent copies of a child and family assessment report to the mother and her two former partners without redacting sensitive information from the partners' copies; the report had been signed off by a team manager beforehand. According to the ICO case page, the disclosed information concerned previous domestic violence against the mother and the children. The ICO traced the failure to a lack of training and clear rules on redaction; detailed guidance only became available in April 2022. It found an infringement of Article 32(1) UK GDPR. The reprimand is dated 11 August 2023; the ICO case page lists the case under 27 September 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32(1) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 11 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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9 Aug 2023 a UK recruitment agencyICO: reprimand for a recruitment company after a cloud storage container was left publicly accessible Reprimand or warning
On 9 August 2023 the ICO issued a reprimand to a recruitment company that it did not name. According to the ICO's findings, a cloud storage container holding around 12,000 records about some 3,000 workers, including names, addresses, dates of birth, passport and ID documents and National Insurance numbers, was publicly accessible without authentication from 18 November 2020 until 5 January 2021; it was discovered by a cybersecurity research outlet whose first warning went to a junk folder. Because logs were no longer available, malicious access by third parties could not be ruled out. The ICO found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f) and 32(1)(b) UK GDPR.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) und 32(1)(b) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 9 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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3 Aug 2023 a UK telemarketing companyICO: GBP 150,000 fine for telemarketing firm over 2.6 million calls to TPS numbers €173,475
On 3 August 2023 the ICO fined the company GBP 150,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 31 March and 20 July 2022 the company made 2,647,805 unsolicited marketing calls, including about energy and home improvement products, to numbers that had been registered with the TPS for more than 28 days; 413 complaints resulted. The people called were also not given the caller information required by law. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulations 21 and 24 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 4 September 2023 reduced the fine to GBP 120,000. The ICO enforcement list shows the case under 16 January 2024.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 150,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 3 Aug 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 3 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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3 Aug 2023 a UK appliance service and repair businessICO: GBP 55,000 fine for repair business over calls to TPS numbers €63,607
On 3 August 2023 the ICO fined a UK appliance service and repair business offering service plans for household appliances GBP 55,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO, the company came to its attention during an investigation into marketing calls to elderly and vulnerable people about maintenance and warranty cover for household appliances. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 June and 30 November 2021 the company made 19,069 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers registered with the TPS; complaints concerned, among other things, TV insurance sold to an elderly person. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 44,000. The ICO published the case on 21 September 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 55,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 3 Aug 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 3 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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3 Aug 2023 a UK lead generation companyICO: GBP 40,000 fine for lead generator over 441,830 marketing texts €46,260
On 3 August 2023 the ICO fined a UK lead generation company GBP 40,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 9 December 2020 and 9 March 2022 subscribers received 441,830 marketing texts from the company, covering among other things private healthcare, life and home insurance, debt solutions and housing disrepair claims, without valid consent; the company had relied on consent collected by third parties. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 22 of PECR. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 32,000. The ICO published the case on 6 September 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 40,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 3 Aug 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 3 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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3 Aug 2023 a UK energy switching serviceICO: GBP 30,000 fine for energy switching service over more than 41 million marketing emails and texts €34,695
On 3 August 2023 the ICO fined a UK provider of an automatic energy switching service GBP 30,000. According to the ICO's findings, between 20 October 2020 and 10 May 2021 recipients received 39,906,342 marketing emails sent by partners on the company's behalf, and between 1 June 2020 and 4 May 2021 subscribers received 1,511,547 marketing texts sent by the company itself, in each case without valid consent. 102,132 of those texts did not contain a valid opt-out address. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulations 22 and 23 of PECR. The ICO published the case on 25 August 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 und 23 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
Original amount 30,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 3 Aug 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 3 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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2 Aug 2023 a UK home appliance cover providerICO: GBP 200,000 fine for appliance cover provider over marketing calls about appliance warranties €232,455
On 2 August 2023 the ICO fined a UK provider of home appliance cover GBP 200,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO, the company came to its attention during an investigation into marketing calls to elderly and vulnerable people about maintenance and warranty cover for household appliances. According to the ICO's findings, in 2021 the company made 511,499 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers registered with the TPS, resulting in nine complaints. The people called were also not given the caller information required by law. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulations 21 and 24 of PECR. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 160,000. The ICO published the case on 21 September 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
Original amount 200,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 2 Aug 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 2 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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2 Aug 2023 a UK company making appliance warranty marketing callsICO: GBP 200,000 fine for UK company over 1.3 million calls about appliance warranties €232,455
On 2 August 2023 the ICO fined the company GBP 200,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO, the company came to its attention during an investigation into marketing calls to vulnerable people about maintenance and warranty cover for household appliances. According to the ICO's findings, between 5 August and 20 December 2021 the company made 1,346,019 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers registered with the TPS; 26 complaints to the TPS and 41 to the ICO resulted, mostly about warranties for household appliances. The people called were also not given the caller information required by law. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulations 21 and 24 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 31 August 2023 reduced the fine to GBP 160,000. The ICO published the case on 21 September 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 200,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 2 Aug 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 2 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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2 Aug 2023 BlnBDI: 215,000 EUR for ‘critical’ list of employees on probation €215,000
On the instructions of the management, a supervisor kept a spreadsheet of all employees on probation and justified the classification ‘critical’ with, among other things, health information, psychotherapy and interest in setting up a works council. The Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BlnBDI) imposed a total of 215,000 EUR, of which around 40,000 EUR related to the failure to involve the data protection officer, a late breach notification and the incomplete record of processing activities; the decision was not final at the time of publication.
Managers may base personnel decisions only on performance- and conduct-related data – health or interest in a works council belong on no list.
Managers' handling of employee data
- Authority / court
- Berliner Beauftragte für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit (BlnBDI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- DSGVO (Rechtmäßigkeit der Verarbeitung von Beschäftigten- und Gesundheitsdaten)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Liability of senior managers
- The list was kept on the instructions of the management.
- Published
- 2 Aug 2023
- BlnBDI, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 2 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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2 Aug 2023 a UK home protection plan providerICO: GBP 70,000 fine for UK company over marketing calls to TPS numbers €81,359
On 2 August 2023 the ICO fined a UK company (which traded under a different company name until October 2021) GBP 70,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 January and 30 June 2021 the company made 24,241 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers registered with the TPS; according to the ICO, one complaint concerned blocked drain insurance offered by phone and another a call to an elderly and vulnerable person. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 31 August 2023 reduced the fine to GBP 56,000. The ICO published the case on 21 September 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 70,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 2 Aug 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 2 Aug 2025 · Direct link
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31 Jul 2023 a Spanish restaurant operatorAEPD: 3,000 EUR against restaurant operator in Andalusia over cameras covering public space €3,000
The operator of two establishments in Andalusia used its cameras to film public space disproportionately, including the terrace tables in front of a restaurant, and had put up no signs. The Spanish data protection authority (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, AEPD) imposed 3,000 EUR and ordered the cameras to be removed or realigned within 15 working days; the request for reconsideration was rejected.
Cameras at business premises may only cover the company's own property and must be clearly signposted.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. c, Art. 13 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Food and agriculture
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 31 Jul 2025 · Direct link
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31 Jul 2023 a Scottish regional health boardICO: reprimand for health board over patient data shared in a messaging app group Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a Scottish regional health board. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 April 2020 and 25 April 2022 staff in one team shared patient data in an unapproved messaging app group with 26 members, including at least 533 entries with names of adults and children, phone numbers, dates of birth, addresses and images containing clinical information; in addition, an unauthorised person was added to the group by mistake. The group was used during the Covid-19 pandemic as a substitute for conversations in the office, without the organisation's knowledge. The ICO found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f), 25(1) and 32(1) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 25(1) und 32(1) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 31 Jul 2025 · Direct link
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21 Jul 2023 a Northern Ireland government departmentICO: reprimand for Northern Ireland government department after open email list sent to abuse survivors Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a government department in Northern Ireland. According to the ICO, on 22 May 2020 the Interim Advocate's Office for victims and survivors of historical institutional childhood abuse, which formed part of the department, sent a newsletter to 251 subscribers whose email addresses were visible to all recipients; the addresses of 209 individuals were disclosed, 110 of them containing full names. According to the ICO's findings, there was no technical solution for group emails, no documented process, no staff training and no adequate data protection policies. The ICO found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f), 24(1) and (2) and 32(1) and (2) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 24(1) und (2), 32(1) und (2) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 21 Jul 2025 · Direct link
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19 Jul 2023 a Northern Ireland patient advocacy bodyICO: reprimand for patient advocacy body after an open email list exposed a gender identity panel Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a patient advocacy body in Northern Ireland. According to the ICO's findings, on 20 January 2021 a member of staff sent an email to the 15 members of an advisory panel being set up for people with lived experience of gender dysphoria and mistakenly put the recipients in CC rather than BCC; 13 of the addresses identified the individual, so health data was disclosed. The ICO considered email using BCC unsuitable given the sensitivity and criticised the lack of guidance on using BCC and an out-of-date email policy. It found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f) and 32(1) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) und 32(1) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 19 Jul 2025 · Direct link
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12 Jul 2023 a Korean mobile network operatorMobile operator: 6.83 billion KRW after data leak from customer authentication system €4.81m
Data on 297,117 people – including phone numbers, names, addresses and USIM numbers – from the operator's customer authentication system (CAS) ended up on illegal online marketplaces; the authority found outdated software no longer supported by its vendors, inadequately configured firewalls and intrusion prevention systems and database credentials stored in plain text, and former customers were notified late. It imposed a penalty surcharge of 6,800,452,000 KRW and an administrative fine of 27,000,000 KRW (6,827,452,000 KRW in total) and ordered, among other things, remediation of vulnerabilities across all systems, a reorganised data protection governance and deletion of data no longer needed.
Legacy systems without vendor support and security rules that are never updated are an entry point – side systems holding customer data also need patching and rule maintenance.
Patch management and legacy systems
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC, 개인정보보호위원회)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Personal Information Protection Act (개인정보 보호법, Fassung 2020) Art. 29, Art. 21(1), Art. 39-4(1); Sanktion nach Art. 39-15(1) Nr. 5
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Culpability
- negligent
- Repeat case
- yes
- Mitigating circumstances
- Reduction of 30% for a recognised data protection certification, active cooperation and self-reporting of the incident; at the same time an increase of 50% because the infringement lasted more than two years.
- Liability of senior managers
- The company was ordered to strengthen the role, standing (including a reporting line directly to top management) and expertise of its chief privacy officer (CPO).
- Published
- 12 Jul 2023
Original amount 6,827,452,000 KRW, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Jul 2023.
Checked against the official source on 8 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 12 Jul 2025 · Direct link
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12 Jul 2023 a Japanese carmakerCarmaker: data protection authority guidance after vehicle data was exposed for ten years Reprimand or warning
Because of a misconfigured cloud environment at an affiliated contractor within the group, servers for two of the carmaker's connected-vehicle services were accessible from outside for around ten years; data of about 2.3 million people were affected, including in-vehicle device IDs, vehicle identification numbers and location data. The carmaker had not recognised these data as personal data, as the staff responsible had not been adequately trained, and had not checked the contractor’s access controls. The authority gave the company guidance (shidō) under Art. 147 APPI to improve training, access control and supervision of the contractor and to implement its own remedial measures.
Vehicle identification numbers and locations are personal data too: anyone configuring cloud storage must know this, and contractors’ access settings must be checked.
Secure cloud configuration and recognising personal data
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC, 個人情報保護委員会)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI, 個人情報の保護に関する法律) Art. 147 i. V. m. Art. 23 und Art. 25
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Automotive
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 12 Jul 2023
Checked against the official source on 8 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 12 Jul 2025 · Direct link
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7 Jul 2023 a US online therapy providerOnline therapy provider: 7.8 million USD after sharing health data for advertising €7.16m
The FTC finalised its order against an online therapy provider. According to the authority, despite promises of confidentiality the company passed e-mail addresses, IP addresses and answers from its health questionnaire to three social networks and an advertising technology company for advertising purposes without obtaining affirmative consent. The provider pays 7,800,000 USD for partial refunds to customers, may no longer share health data for advertising, must obtain affirmative consent before sharing with certain third parties, must instruct the recipients to delete the data and must set retention periods.
Marketing tools such as audience matching must never be fed with health information unless affirmative consent has been given.
Health data and marketing tools; tracking pixels and custom audiences
- Authority / court
- Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Section 5(a) FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a) (unlautere und irreführende Praktiken)
- Action
- Disgorgement of profits
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Published
- 14 Jul 2023
Original amount 7,800,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 7 Jul 2023.
- Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Veröffentlichung der Behörde (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 8 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 7 Jul 2025 · Direct link
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5 Jul 2023 a Brazilian micro-enterprise offering contact listsFirst LGPD fine: ANPD sanctions micro-enterprise over voter contact lists €2,720
In its first sanction under the Brazilian data protection act LGPD, the Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD, Brazilian data protection authority) imposed two fines of 7,200 BRL each (14,400 BRL in total) and a warning on the micro-enterprise. The case arose from a complaint that the company was offering lists of voters’ WhatsApp contacts for campaign messages in the 2020 municipal election in a municipality in the state of São Paulo; the ANPD found no legal basis for this processing, objected to the failure to appoint a data protection officer and sanctioned the failure to answer its requests for information. Because of the company’s micro-enterprise status, each fine was capped at 2% of gross revenue.
Anyone marketing contact lists containing personal data needs a demonstrable legal basis and must answer the regulator’s requests on time – even as a micro-enterprise.
Legal basis for trading contact data and cooperation with the regulator
- Authority / court
- Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD), Coordenação-Geral de Fiscalização
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 7 und Art. 41 LGPD (Lei nº 13.709/2018); Art. 5 Resolução CD/ANPD nº 1/2021 (Regulamento de Fiscalização); Art. 52 II LGPD
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Other
- Employees
- Under 50
- Published
- 6 Jul 2023
Original amount 14,400 BRL, converted at the ECB reference rate of 5 Jul 2023.
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 5 Jul 2025 · Direct link
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5 Jul 2023 a Luxembourg telecommunications providerLuxembourg telecoms provider: EUR 2,500 and transfer ban after disclosing data €2,500
Following a complaint about personal data published on a third party's website, the CNPD (Luxembourg data protection authority) fined a Luxembourg provider of electronic communications services, which had passed on the data, EUR 2,500. It permanently banned any further transfer of the complainant's data to the third party, ordered adequate security measures including regular testing of their effectiveness and issued a reprimand for failing to cooperate with the authority.
A company passing customer data to third parties must secure confidentiality technically and cooperate fully when the supervisor asks.
Disclosure of customer data to third parties and cooperation with the supervisor
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale pour la protection des données (CNPD), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 31 und 32(1) DSGVO; Art. 58(2) und 83 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Published
- 23 Aug 2023
- CNPD Luxembourg, Décisions et sanctions (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 5 Jul 2025 · Direct link
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30 Jun 2023 a Swedish telecommunications providerSwedish telecoms provider: 12 million SEK for transferring data to the USA via Google Analytics €1.02m
The provider transferred personal data of website visitors to the USA via Google Analytics. In the view of the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY), the supplementary technical safeguards in addition to the standard contractual clauses were insufficient; the provider had meanwhile switched off the tool on its own initiative.
Include web analytics tools with a third-country connection in the transfer assessment – pseudonymising IP addresses alone is not enough.
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · International data transfers
- Legal basis
- Art. 44 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Mitigating circumstances
- Use of Google Analytics already discontinued on its own initiative.
- Published
- 3 Jul 2023
Original amount 12,000,000 SEK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 30 Jun 2023.
- IMY, Aufsichtsverfahren (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 30 Jun 2025 · Direct link
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30 Jun 2023 a Swedish online retailerSwedish online retailer: 300,000 SEK and ban on using Google Analytics €25,412
The online retailer transferred visitor data to the USA via Google Analytics without sufficient supplementary measures to the standard contractual clauses. The Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY) imposed an administrative fine and ordered the company to stop using the tool in this form.
Medium-sized online retailers must also check tracking service providers for third-country transfers before integrating them.
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · International data transfers
- Legal basis
- Art. 44 DSGVO; Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Published
- 3 Jul 2023
Original amount 300,000 SEK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 30 Jun 2023.
- IMY, Aufsichtsverfahren (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 30 Jun 2025 · Direct link
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30 Jun 2023 a Swedish grocery retailerSwedish grocery retailer: order to stop using Google Analytics owing to US transfer Order
At the retailer too, the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY) found that the transfer of visitor data to the USA via Google Analytics was not sufficiently safeguarded. Because the retailer had taken more extensive protective measures than two other companies examined (a telecommunications provider and an online retailer), the authority confined itself to an order to stop the use.
Supplementary safeguards reduce the sanction but do not cure an impermissible transfer – what matters is whether access by authorities in the third country is actually ruled out.
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · International data transfers
- Legal basis
- Art. 44 DSGVO; Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d DSGVO
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Mitigating circumstances
- More extensive supplementary technical measures than at other companies examined.
- Published
- 3 Jul 2023
- IMY, Aufsichtsverfahren (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 30 Jun 2025 · Direct link
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30 Jun 2023 a Swedish business newspaperSwedish business newspaper: order over Google Analytics transfers to the USA Order
The business newspaper transferred data of its website visitors to the USA via Google Analytics. The Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY) considered the supplementary safeguards insufficient and ordered the newspaper to stop using the tool in this form.
Publishers and media houses with extensive tracking should regularly check their analytics services for third-country connections and legal basis.
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · International data transfers
- Legal basis
- Art. 44 DSGVO; Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d DSGVO
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Published
- 3 Jul 2023
- IMY, Aufsichtsverfahren (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 30 Jun 2025 · Direct link
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28 Jun 2023 a German business that commissioned sales calls for energy supplyBNetzA: €275,000 fine on business that commissioned sales calls for energy supply €275,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined a business that had commissioned sales calls for energy supply 275,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. According to the agency's annual review, callers in the 2023 energy cases frequently pretended to be from the current supplier or a price comparison site.
Even a business that merely commissions sales calls can itself be fined – consent of the people called should be checked before a campaign starts.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Bundesnetzagentur, Maßnahmen gegen unerlaubte Telefonwerbung mit Archiv-Übersicht der Bußgelder ab 2017 (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 28 Jun 2025 · Direct link
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27 Jun 2023 a UK insolvency and debt solutions firmICO: GBP 30,000 fine for debt solutions firm over debt advice marketing texts €34,888
On 27 June 2023 the ICO fined the company GBP 30,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 26 July 2020 and 26 July 2021 the company sent 558,354 marketing texts, 527,481 of which were delivered, without valid consent; the messages promoted debt relief plans under a trading name. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 22 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 26 July 2023 reduced the fine to GBP 24,000. The ICO published the case on 28 June 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
Original amount 30,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 27 Jun 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 27 Jun 2025 · Direct link
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26 Jun 2023 a Swedish media companySwedish media company: SEK 13m for advertising profiles without a legal basis €1.11m
The Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY, Swedish data protection authority) fined the media company 13,000,000 SEK because, between 7 November 2019 and 11 June 2020, the company had profiled individuals on the basis of their browsing behaviour and enriched customer database profiles without a legal basis under Art. 6(1) GDPR and made the profiles available to affiliated group companies for targeted online advertising and for telephone and postal marketing. The Administrative Court upheld the fine on 4 February 2025; an appeal for which leave has been granted is pending before the Administrative Court of Appeal (Kammarrätten) (status per the IMY page). The decision is not final.
Group-wide advertising profiles built from behavioural data need a sound legal basis; legitimate interest generally does not support extensive profiling.
Profiling for advertising and the limits of legitimate interest
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1 DSGVO; Art. 58 Abs. 2 und Art. 83 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- under appeal
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
Original amount 13,000,000 SEK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 26 Jun 2023.
- IMY, Aufsichtsverfahren (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 26 Jun 2025 · Direct link
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22 Jun 2023 an Italian motorway concession holderGarante: €1m fine for motorway concession holder over toll-refund app roles (annulled) overturned
The motorway concession holder had the data of around 100,000 users of an app for toll refunds in case of roadworks delays processed, but described itself as a processor even though, in the view of the Garante (Italian data protection authority), as concession holder it set the refund mechanism and conditions and was therefore the controller. The user information consequently named the wrong controller and the app operator had not been appointed as processor; the Garante imposed a fine of 1,000,000 EUR but ordered no remedial measures because the company had remedied the shortcomings during the proceedings. The Tribunale di Roma (Rome court) upheld the company's challenge by a judgment of April 2025 and annulled the decision.
The allocation of roles between a principal and an app service provider should reflect actual control and be clearly reasoned, as this very classification remained disputed between the regulator and the court.
- Authority / court
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, 13 und 28 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- overturned
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Culpability
- negligent
- Repeat case
- no
- Mitigating circumstances
- Mitigating: prompt implementation of remedial measures, active cooperation during the proceedings, no previous infringements and no direct economic benefit, as the refund service was free of charge.
- Published
- 17 Jul 2023
Amount in EUR; no ECB reference rate is available for this currency.
- Garante Privacy, Presse und Kommunikation (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 22 Jun 2025 · Direct link
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21 Jun 2023 an English police forceICO: reprimand for police force after witness details were passed on unredacted Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English police force. According to the ICO's findings, personal data of witnesses reached the Crown Prosecution Service's digital case management system through a police officer's unredacted statement, because the data had not been adequately redacted before disclosure; the cause was a lack of redaction and disclosure training. The force had no oversight of whether policies were read or training completed; the completion rate for data protection training between December 2020 and December 2022 was 15.85 per cent. The ICO found infringements of sections 40, 56, 57(1) and 66(1) DPA 2018 (Part 3). The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Section 40, 56, 57(1) und 66(1) DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 21 Jun 2025 · Direct link
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15 Jun 2023 a French targeted online advertising providerCNIL: €40m fine for online advertising provider over missing proof of consent €40m
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined a French targeted online advertising provider EUR 40,000,000 because, for its cookie-based retargeting, it could not prove that users had consented on partner websites, informed data subjects inadequately, did not fully implement the rights of access, withdrawal and erasure, and its joint controller arrangement with partners was incomplete (Art. 7, 12, 13, 15, 17 and 26 GDPR). The Conseil d'État (French supreme administrative court) dismissed the appeal on 4 March 2026.
Anyone collecting data through trackers on third-party websites must obtain verifiable assurances from partners that users have consented, and check them.
Proof of consent in online tracking
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Art. 7, 12, 13, 15, 17 und 26 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 1,000 to 9,999
- Published
- 22 Jun 2023
- CNIL, Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 15 Jun 2025 · Direct link
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12 Jun 2023 a Swedish music streaming serviceMusic streaming service: SEK 58m for unclear information in response to access requests €4.99m
The Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY, Swedish data protection authority) fined the streaming service 58,000,000 SEK because, between 16 November 2021 and 16 May 2022, the company did not provide sufficiently clear information in response to access requests on purposes, categories of data, recipients, retention periods, the source of data and safeguards for third-country transfers, and from June 2019 to May 2022 by default provided the description of technical log data only in English; for two individual complaints it issued a reprimand and an order. The Administrative Court in Stockholm reduced the fine to 40 million SEK in 2024; the Administrative Court of Appeal (Kammarrätten) reinstated the 58 million SEK on 3 June 2025 and dismissed the company's appeal.
Responses under Art. 15 GDPR must explain comprehensibly which data are used for what purpose; a technically complete copy of the data alone is not enough.
Handling access requests under Art. 15 GDPR
- Authority / court
- Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (IMY)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12 Abs. 1, Art. 15 Abs. 1 lit. a–d und g sowie Abs. 2 DSGVO; Art. 58 Abs. 2 und Art. 83 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
Original amount 58,000,000 SEK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Jun 2023.
- IMY, Aufsichtsverfahren (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 12 Jun 2025 · Direct link
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31 May 2023 BlnBDI: 300,000 EUR against bank over unexplained automated credit card rejection €300,000
A bank (name not published) rejected an online credit card application algorithmically and, despite enquiries, refused to give the customer a comprehensible explanation of which data and criteria led to the rejection. The Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BlnBDI) imposed 300,000 EUR; the bank cooperated and accepted the decision.
Companies that make automated decisions must be able to explain to data subjects in the individual case which factors were decisive.
- Authority / court
- Berliner Beauftragte für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit (BlnBDI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 22 Abs. 3, Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a, Art. 15 Abs. 1 lit. h DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Mitigating circumstances
- Extensive cooperation; fine decision accepted.
- Published
- 31 May 2023
- BlnBDI, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 31 May 2025 · Direct link
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30 May 2023 a UK business energy supplierICO: GBP 120,000 fine for energy supplier over marketing calls to businesses via overseas call centres €138,945
On 30 May 2023 the ICO fined a UK energy supplier for business customers GBP 120,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021 the company instigated unsolicited marketing calls via overseas call centres, mainly to businesses registered with the TPS or CTPS or that had asked not to be called; callers sometimes claimed to be from another energy company or the customer's existing supplier, did not give the required information and withheld a contact number. According to the ICO, the exact number of calls could not be established because of false company names and spoofed numbers. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulations 21 and 24 of PECR. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 96,000. The ICO published the case on 8 June 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 und 24 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
Original amount 120,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 30 May 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 30 May 2025 · Direct link
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30 May 2023 an English police forceICO: reprimand for police force after a witness's address was revealed Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English police force. According to the ICO's findings, in response to a request from a housing authority the force disclosed contextual information that allowed suspected criminals to learn the address of a witness; the person had to move house and, according to the ICO, the risk to them remains high. The cause was a lack of organisational measures: the officer concerned was unaware of the redaction policies, training could not be evidenced and there was no oversight of the redaction. The ICO found an infringement of section 40 DPA 2018 (Part 3). The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Section 40 DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 30 May 2025 · Direct link
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24 May 2023 Belgian GBA reprimands supermarket that used camera footage to identify a customer Reprimand or warning
Following a poor satisfaction rating about allegedly unfriendly checkout staff, a supermarket franchisee (name pseudonymised) reviewed the footage from its surveillance cameras and even sent the customer a still image showing her laughing at the checkout. The Litigation Chamber (Geschillenkamer) of the Belgian data protection authority (Gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit, GBA) found no legal basis and no information of the data subject, and issued a reprimand.
Do not analyse footage from theft-prevention cameras for customer service or to investigate complaints.
Purpose limitation of video recordings in retail
- Authority / court
- Gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit / Autorité de protection des données – Geschillenkamer
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und Abs. 2, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 12, 13, 24 Abs. 1, Art. 25 Abs. 1 und 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- GBA/APD, Startseite mit Entscheidungen (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 24 May 2025 · Direct link
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23 May 2023 an English primary schoolICO: reprimand for a primary school after sensitive pupil data was shown in a classroom Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English primary school. According to the ICO's findings, the school disclosed sensitive personal data, including special category data, in a classroom, affecting four people, three of them children. The ICO criticised inadequate policies on sharing and opening emails containing personal data, the lack of rules for the case management system used for safeguarding and wellbeing matters, the absence of labels on sensitive emails and the lack of guidance on screen sharing safely on electronic whiteboards. The ICO found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f), 24(1) and 32 UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 24(1) und 32 UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 23 May 2025 · Direct link
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18 May 2023 a Croatian sports betting operatorCroatia: 380,000 EUR fine for sports betting operator over copies of bank cards €380,000
The Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (AZOP, Croatian Personal Data Protection Agency) fined an unnamed sports betting operator 380,000 EUR because, for a fast payout to VISA cards offered from June to December 2022, it requested copies of both sides of players’ cards by email without being able to show a legal basis. It also informed players inadequately, did not build data protection by design into the new process, did not encrypt the stored data and did not regularly assess its security measures.
Before a new customer process goes live, data needs, legal basis and encryption must be reviewed.
Data minimisation in new customer processes
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (AZOP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 13 Abs. 1 und 2, Art. 25 Abs. 1 und 2, Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. a und d DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Mitigating circumstances
- The authority treated as mitigating that, after the inspection, the company on its own initiative changed its payment process, no longer requests card copies, deleted all stored copies, improved oversight of data processing and trained its staff.
- Published
- 18 May 2023
- AZOP, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 18 May 2025 · Direct link
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18 May 2023 a UK glazing companyICO: GBP 130,000 fine for glazing firm over more than 500,000 calls to TPS numbers €149,614
On 18 May 2023 the ICO fined the company GBP 130,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO, the case formed part of Operation Tinago, which analysed complaints in the energy and home improvement sector. According to the ICO's findings, between 4 January and 11 November 2021 the company made 503,445 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers registered with the TPS, among other things about double glazing and free energy checks, resulting in 37 complaints. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 104,000. The ICO published the case on 8 June 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Construction and real estate
Original amount 130,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 18 May 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 18 May 2025 · Direct link
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12 May 2023 an Irish subsidiary of a US platform groupPlatform group: 1.2 billion EUR – user data still transferred to the USA after Schrems II €1.2bn
Following the Schrems II judgment, the company continued to transfer data of users of its social network from the EU/EEA to the USA on the basis of standard contractual clauses without effectively addressing the risks identified by the CJEU. On the instruction of the EDPB, the Data Protection Commission (DPC) imposed 1.2 billion EUR and ordered the company to suspend future transfers and to cease processing the data unlawfully stored in the USA.
Standard contractual clauses alone are not enough – every third-country transfer requires a robust transfer impact assessment with effective supplementary measures.
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · International data transfers
- Legal basis
- Art. 46 Abs. 1 DSGVO; Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. d und j DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 22 May 2023
- DPC, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 12 May 2025 · Direct link
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9 May 2023 a UK business energy brokerICO: GBP 100,000 fine for energy broker over more than 410,000 calls to businesses €114,956
On 9 May 2023 the ICO fined a UK energy broker for business customers GBP 100,000. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 March 2020 and 31 October 2021 the company made 410,369 unsolicited marketing calls to subscribers registered with the TPS or CTPS; the ICO and the TPS received 73 complaints, mostly from businesses. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR. Under the notice, early payment reduced the fine to GBP 80,000. The ICO published the case on 16 May 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
Original amount 100,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 9 May 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 9 May 2025 · Direct link
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9 May 2023 a UK business telecoms providerICO: GBP 80,000 fine for telecoms provider over marketing calls to businesses €91,965
On 9 May 2023 the ICO fined a UK provider of business telecommunications solutions GBP 80,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 13 September 2021 and 31 January 2022 the company made 72,682 unsolicited marketing calls to subscribers registered with the TPS or CTPS. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 8 June 2023 reduced the fine to GBP 64,000. The ICO published the case on 16 May 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR (Enforcement Notice: regulation 21(1)(a) und (b)); section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
Original amount 80,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 9 May 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 9 May 2025 · Direct link
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5 May 2023 an English county councilICO: reprimand for county council over late subject access requests Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English county council. According to the ICO's findings, between 6 April 2021 and 6 April 2022 the council responded to only 260 of 511 subject access requests within the statutory period of one or three months. As a mitigating factor the ICO took into account that the Covid-19 pandemic had restricted access to paper records; the council increased its staffing and brought the work together in a dedicated team. The ICO found infringements of Articles 12(3), 15(1) and 15(3) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 15(3) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 5 May 2025 · Direct link
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4 May 2023 a Croatian debt collection companyCroatia: 2.265 million EUR fine for debt collector after data exfiltration €2.27m
The Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (AZOP, Croatian Personal Data Protection Agency) fined a debt collection company 2,265,000 EUR. Prompted by an anonymous tip-off with a USB stick holding the names, dates of birth and OIB (personal identification numbers) of 77,317 debtors, it found inadequate technical and organisational security measures, unclear privacy information on the legal basis for refunds and a missing data processing agreement with a service provider.
Anyone processing large debtor datasets must be able to detect, log and investigate data exfiltration technically.
Protecting large debtor datasets and processor contracts
- Authority / court
- Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (AZOP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 13 Abs. 1, Art. 28 Abs. 3, Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und d, Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Culpability
- negligent
- Published
- 4 May 2023
- AZOP, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 4 May 2025 · Direct link
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28 Apr 2023 an English city councilICO: reprimand for city council over years of late subject access requests Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English city council. According to the ICO's findings, compliance with subject access request deadlines had been inadequate for three years: the highest rate within the one-month deadline was 45 per cent (2021/2022); 18 requests took up to two years, eight requests up to two years old were still outstanding and, as of 31 January 2023, a further 20 requests up to one year old had not been completed. According to the ICO, the council had increased the team from 2.6 to 5.6 full-time equivalents. The ICO found infringements of Articles 12(3), 15(1) and 15(3) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 12(3), 15(1) und 15(3) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 28 Apr 2025 · Direct link
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27 Apr 2023 a UK government departmentICO: reprimand for government department over unsecured confidential waste in a prison Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a UK government department. According to the ICO's findings, on 26 February 2022, 14 bags of confidential waste were found in an unsecured area of a prison to which prisoners and staff had access; because the shredding contractor did not collect them on time, they were left unsecured for 18 days in total. Some bags were not sealed and contained information about staff and prisoners, including health data and security vetting details; according to the ICO, 44 individuals potentially viewed the documents. The ICO criticised the lack of specific instructions on secure storage areas and inadequate disposal processes, and found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f) and 32(1)(d) and (2) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 32(1)(d) und (2) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 27 Apr 2025 · Direct link
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25 Apr 2023 an English NHS university hospital trustICO: reprimand for NHS hospital trust after a patient's address was disclosed to an ex-partner Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English NHS university hospital trust. According to the ICO's findings, the trust routinely listed the full postal addresses of other recipients as copy recipients on letters, without seeking their consent or assessing the risk; as a result, one person's address was disclosed to their former partner despite previous allegations of abuse. The ICO also criticised the lack of a process to flag such situations in parental disputes and the lack of training for administrative staff. It found an infringement of Article 5(1)(f) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 25 Apr 2025 · Direct link
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12 Apr 2023 a German call centreBNetzA: second €285,000 fine of 2023 on a call centre over energy sales calls €285,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined another call centre marketing energy supply 285,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. It is one of the four 2023 energy proceedings in which, according to the agency, callers often concealed the real purpose of the call and asked for meter data.
Call centres need verifiable consent for every number they dial and must honour requests to stop calling immediately.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Bundesnetzagentur, Maßnahmen gegen unerlaubte Telefonwerbung mit Archiv-Übersicht der Bußgelder ab 2017 (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 12 Apr 2025 · Direct link
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12 Apr 2023 a UK email marketing companyICO: GBP 130,000 fine for email marketer over 107 million marketing emails without valid consent €147,664
On 12 April 2023 the ICO fined the company GBP 130,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 August 2019 and 19 August 2020 around 107 million marketing emails from the company were received, sent to 437,324 distinct individuals, an average of 244 emails per person. The data came mainly from registrations on the company's own websites, above all job sites; the ICO considered the consent statements used there to be neither specific nor informed. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 22 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 10 May 2023 reduced the fine to GBP 104,000. The ICO published the case on 14 April 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 130,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Apr 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 12 Apr 2025 · Direct link
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4 Apr 2023 a major video-sharing platform (US parent and UK subsidiary)ICO: GBP 12.7 million fine for video-sharing platform over processing data of under-13s without parental consent €14.5m
On 4 April 2023 the ICO fined the US and UK operating companies of a major video-sharing platform GBP 12,700,000, for which both companies are jointly and severally liable. According to the ICO's findings, between 25 May 2018 and 28 July 2020 the company provided its service to children under 13 in the UK and processed their data without parental consent and without any other valid lawful basis; it did not make reasonable efforts to keep under-13s off the platform or to obtain parental consent. The ICO estimated that there were between 1.1 million and 1.4 million registered account holders under 13 in 2020. It also found that privacy information was inadequate and not understandable for children, and found infringements of Articles 8, 12, 13(1) and (2) and 5(1)(a) UK GDPR. According to the notice, a provisional finding of an Article 9 UK GDPR infringement in the notice of intent of 23 September 2022 does not form part of the penalty. The ICO published the case on 15 May 2023. The company appealed against the notice; according to an ICO announcement of 24 September 2026, the company has withdrawn the appeal and will pay the GBP 12.7 million fine, so that according to the ICO the penalty notice is final.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 8, 12, 13(1) und (2), 5(1)(a) UK GDPR; Geldbuße nach section 155 DPA 2018
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
Original amount 12,700,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 4 Apr 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 4 Apr 2025 · Direct link
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3 Apr 2023 an English police forceICO: reprimand for police force over an app that automatically recorded all phone calls Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the chief constable of an English police force. According to the ICO's findings, the force made available to all staff an app that recorded all incoming and outgoing calls on work mobile phones; according to the reprimand, 1,015 staff members had downloaded the app and, as at 27 April 2021, more than 202,000 recordings of calls had been saved. According to the ICO, these figures relate to both forces together. The ICO considered the collection unfair and unlawful: there was no risk assessment, no documented approval, no guidance and no review when the DPA 2018 came into force; the people recorded were unaware and could not exercise their rights. The ICO found infringements of sections 35(1) and 45(1) DPA 2018 (Part 3). An identically worded reprimand was issued to a neighbouring force. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Section 35(1) und 45(1) DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 3 Apr 2025 · Direct link
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3 Apr 2023 an English not-for-profit children's services companyICO: reprimand for children's services company after an unredacted report disclosed sensitive data Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to an English not-for-profit children's services company. According to the ICO's findings, the company disclosed personal data, including special category and criminal conviction data, in a report: because of a communication failure, the manager concerned did not realise on two occasions that the assessment was being sent to both sides of the family, so data on convictions, children, health and sex life that should have been redacted was disclosed. Neither the social worker responsible nor the reviewing manager had been trained in redaction, and there were no written rules on reviewing redactions. The ICO found an infringement of Article 5(1)(f) UK GDPR. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 3 Apr 2025 · Direct link
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3 Apr 2023 an English police forceICO: reprimand for police force over an app that automatically recorded all phone calls Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to the chief constable of an English police force. According to the ICO's findings, the force made available to all staff an app that recorded all incoming and outgoing calls on work mobile phones; according to the reprimand, 1,015 staff members had downloaded the app and, as at 27 April 2021, more than 202,000 recordings of calls had been saved. According to the ICO, these figures relate to both forces together. The ICO considered the collection unfair and unlawful: there was no risk assessment, no documented approval, no guidance and no review when the DPA 2018 came into force; the people recorded were unaware and could not exercise their rights. The ICO found infringements of sections 35(1) and 45(1) DPA 2018 (Part 3). An identically worded reprimand was issued to a neighbouring force. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Section 35(1) und 45(1) DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 3 Apr 2025 · Direct link
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23 Mar 2023 a Singaporean healthcare provider and a call centre social enterpriseHealthcare provider and call centre: 68,000 SGD after data leak at service provider €47,111
The healthcare provider had outsourced call centre and appointment booking services to a social enterprise, which copied customer data for its call centre agents onto an internet-facing file server whose password protection had been disabled for around 20 months; in 2021 data on numerous customers (including diagnosis codes and bank details) was accessed without authorisation and offered for sale on the dark web. The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC, Singapore's data protection authority) found shortcomings in security reviews and password management at the data intermediary, the social enterprise, and at the healthcare provider inadequate ongoing oversight of the service provider and unnecessary disclosure of sensitive financial and health data. It imposed 68,000 SGD on the two together and directed both to review contracts, data sharing and the scope of security reviews.
Controllers must not only secure matters contractually but continuously check how their provider stores data and grants access, and give it only the data it really needs.
No shared passwords; share only necessary data with service providers
- Authority / court
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data processors
- Legal basis
- Section 24 PDPA 2012 (Protection Obligation) i. V. m. Sections 4(2) und 4(3) PDPA (Data Intermediary); Section 48J PDPA (Financial Penalty); Section 48I PDPA (Directions)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Mitigating circumstances
- Both cooperated, admitted the breaches under the Expedited Decision Procedure and remedied promptly; in setting the amounts, the healthcare provider's turnover of around 50 times that of the social enterprise was taken into account.
- Published
- 22 Jun 2023
Original amount 68,000 SGD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 23 Mar 2023.
- PDPC, Enforcement Decisions (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 23 Mar 2025 · Direct link
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9 Mar 2023 a Scottish regional health boardICO: reprimand for health board after an open email list exposed patients of an HIV service Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a Scottish regional health board. According to the ICO's findings, on 13 June 2019 an invitation was emailed to 37 people without using the BCC function, so all recipients could see the other addresses, most of which contained names; because the recipients were identifiable as likely users of HIV services, the ICO considered the addresses likely to be health data. One recipient recognised at least four other people. The ICO considered that relying on BCC for this group was not the most secure approach and found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f), 32(1) and 25 UK GDPR. According to the reprimand, the ICO had considered a fine of GBP 35,000 but did not impose one because of its revised approach to the public sector since June 2022. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 32(1) und 25 UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58(2)(b) UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 9 Mar 2025 · Direct link
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8 Mar 2023 a US medical device manufacturerUS medical device manufacturer: fine for late notification of a data breach €133,684
Datatilsynet (Norwegian Data Protection Authority) fined a US medical device manufacturer NOK 2,500,000 because it notified a cyber incident affecting the data of all its European employees (including one person in Norway) only 67 days after becoming aware of it instead of within 72 hours (Art. 33(1) GDPR). Under its internal rules, the manufacturer intended to notify only once the incident had been fully investigated. Following the company's appeal, the fine was reduced to NOK 1,500,000 because of the long case-handling time before the matter was dealt with by the Personvernnemnda (Privacy Appeals Board); the Personvernnemnda upheld the decision at that amount.
The 72-hour deadline for data breaches starts when the controller becomes aware of the incident; internal rules that postpone notification until the investigation is complete are unlawful.
Notifying data breaches within 72 hours
- Authority / court
- Datatilsynet
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 33 Abs. 1, Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. i, Art. 83 Abs. 4 lit. a DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Culpability
- negligent
- Mitigating circumstances
- Reduction to NOK 1,500,000 because of the long case-handling time before the matter was dealt with by the Personvernnemnda.
- Published
- 16 Mar 2023
Original amount 1,500,000 NOK, converted at the ECB reference rate of 8 Mar 2023.
- Datatilsynet (NO), zentrale Entscheidungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 8 Mar 2025 · Direct link
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7 Mar 2023 a Latvian electronics retailerLatvian electronics retailer – 20,000 EUR for cookie deficiencies upheld €20,000
In a preventive review, the Datu valsts inspekcija (Latvian Data State Inspectorate, DVI) had pointed out deficiencies in the use of cookies on its website to the retailer and repeatedly set deadlines for remediation in 2022; the company asked for extensions but did not remedy the deficiencies and did not respond to the requests in substance. On 26 January 2023 the DVI imposed 20,000 EUR (Art. 83(5)(a), (b), (e) GDPR); the director dismissed the objection on 7 March 2023 and found intent.
Take cookie notices from the supervisory authority that come with a deadline seriously – subsequent rectification no longer prevents the fine.
Cookie consent in online retail
- Authority / court
- Datu valsts inspekcija (DVI)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Art. 83 Abs. 5 lit. a, b und e DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Culpability
- intentional
- DVI, Entscheidungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 7 Mar 2025 · Direct link
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7 Mar 2023 an English NHS hospital trustICO: reprimand for NHS hospital trust after patient records were lost when a system was shut down Reprimand or warning
On 7 March 2023 the ICO issued a reprimand to an English NHS hospital trust. According to the ICO's findings, before the licence for an electronic document viewing system expired, the trust downloaded the patient records it held but did not check that the download was incomplete; data of 1,159 people was affected: records of 1,155 people were inaccessible from 19 January 2020 until 12 October 2021, and parts of the records of four patients were permanently lost. There was no decommissioning policy and no adequate oversight; one patient's care planning was affected. The ICO found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f), 24(1) and 24(2) UK GDPR.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 24(1) und 24(2) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58 UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 7 Mar 2025 · Direct link
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2 Mar 2023 a UK police forceICO: reprimand for police force over faulty transfer of criminal records to a national police database Reprimand or warning
The ICO issued a reprimand to a large UK police force. According to the ICO's findings, the force was unable to ensure that sensitive criminal records on organised crime groups were correctly uploaded to, amended on or deleted from the Police National Database; this situation had gone unnoticed for a considerable time and, although the database had been operating since 2011, there were no automated checks. The force did not inform partner agencies until December 2020, more than six months after the first issue was discovered. The ICO found an infringement of section 38(4) DPA 2018 (Part 3); the reprimand refers to alleged infringements. The reprimand is undated; the date follows the ICO case page.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Section 38(4) DPA 2018; Verwarnung nach Schedule 13(2)(c) DPA 2018
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 2 Mar 2025 · Direct link
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27 Feb 2023 an Irish major bankDPC: €750,000 fine against Irish major bank after unauthorised access via its banking app €750,000
The bank had notified the DPC of ten personal data breaches in which individuals were able to access other people's accounts via its banking app. The DPC found the technical and organisational measures insufficient (Art. 5(1)(f) and 32(1) GDPR), issued a reprimand, ordered remediation and imposed a fine of €750,000.
Banking apps need robust access and account-matching controls so that customers never see other people's accounts.
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 32(1) DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- DPC, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 27 Feb 2025 · Direct link
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23 Feb 2023 an Irish healthcare providerDPC: €460,000 fine against healthcare provider after ransomware attack on patient administration system €460,000
A ransomware attack on the patient administration system, notified in December 2019, affected around 70,000 people; for 2,500 patients the data were permanently lost because no backup existed. The DPC found infringements of Art. 5(1)(f), 5(2) and 32(1) GDPR, issued a reprimand and imposed three fines of €275,000, €50,000 and €135,000, totalling €460,000.
Without separate, tested backups a single ransomware attack can destroy patient data irretrievably.
Ransomware and data backup in healthcare
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 5(2), 32(1) DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- DPC, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 23 Feb 2025 · Direct link
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21 Feb 2023 a German call centreBNetzA: €285,000 fine on call centre over disguised sales calls for energy contracts €285,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined a call centre marketing energy supply 285,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. According to the agency's annual review, callers in the 2023 energy cases often posed as the customer's current supplier or as a price comparison site and asked for the meter number or meter reading.
Call centres need verifiable consent for every number they dial and must honour requests to stop calling immediately.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Bundesnetzagentur, Maßnahmen gegen unerlaubte Telefonwerbung mit Archiv-Übersicht der Bußgelder ab 2017 (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 21 Feb 2025 · Direct link
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17 Feb 2023 a Finnish credit reference agencyCredit agency: EUR 440,000 for ignoring an erasure order on payment default entries €440,000
The sanctions board of the Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto (Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman, Finland) fined the credit reference agency 440,000 EUR for failing to comply with an order of November 2021. Under that order it should have deleted payment default entries in the credit register that were based on final judgments in disputed civil cases; the board considered the non-compliance a deliberate decision and therefore intentional.
A supervisory order must be implemented in full and its implementation evidenced – a narrower reading of your own does not protect against a fine.
Implementing orders of the supervisory authority
- Authority / court
- Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto – seuraamuskollegio (Sanktionsgremium der Datenschutzbehörde)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. i, Art. 83 Abs. 6 DSGVO (Nichtbefolgung einer Anordnung nach Art. 58 Abs. 2)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Culpability
- intentional
- Published
- 2 Mar 2023
- Tietosuojavaltuutettu, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
- Finlex, Entscheidungen des Datenschutzbeauftragten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 17 Feb 2025 · Direct link
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13 Feb 2023 a UK appliance service and repair companyICO: GBP 200,000 fine for repair company over 1.75 million marketing calls to TPS numbers €226,549
On 13 February 2023 the ICO fined a UK appliance service and repair company GBP 200,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 July 2019 and 1 June 2020 the company made 1,752,149 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers that had been registered with the TPS for at least 28 days; many complaints concerned calls selling warranty or service plans for household appliances. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 15 March 2023 reduced the fine to GBP 160,000. The ICO published the case on 15 February 2023.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 200,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 13 Feb 2023.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 13 Feb 2025 · Direct link
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1 Feb 2023 an alarm system provider in SpainAlarm system provider in Spain: 100,000 EUR because data subject rights could only be exercised via a 902 number €100,000
On the video surveillance signs that the alarm system provider supplies to its customers, only a chargeable 902 telephone number was given for access and objection requests. The Spanish data protection authority (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, AEPD) considered this to obstruct the exercise of rights, imposed 100,000 EUR and ordered the signs to be replaced within twelve months; the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published the decision in September 2026.
The route for exercising data subject rights must be free of charge and easily accessible, including on signs at customers' premises.
- Authority / court
- Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- DSGVO Art. 12 Abs. 2, Art. 83 Abs. 5 lit. b
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Defence and security
- Published
- 22 Sep 2026
- AEPD, Resoluciones (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
- EDSA (EDPB), Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 5 · Company name anonymised since 1 Feb 2025 · Direct link
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19 Jan 2023 a Dutch social insurance agencyAP: €150,000 fine for a social insurance agency over weak telephone authentication €150,000
The social insurance agency did not adequately secure telephone contact with people insured under the state pension; among other things, its work instructions did not clearly set out which and how many security questions had to be asked to verify identity. The AP (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Dutch data protection authority) imposed a fine of 150,000 EUR for infringing Art. 32(1) and (2) GDPR.
Giving out personal information by telephone requires clearly prescribed and monitored authentication of callers.
Identity verification by telephone in customer service
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 2 DSGVO (AVG)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Public sector
- Published
- 13 Apr 2023
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Bußgelder und Sanktionen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 19 Jan 2025 · Direct link
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13 Jan 2023 a Greek technology companyGreek tech company fined EUR 50,000 for failing to cooperate with data protection authority €50,000
Following complaints and press reports linking the company to a surveillance software for mobile phones, the Archi Prostasias Dedomenon (Hellenic Data Protection Authority) carried out an on-site inspection at the company. Because the company answered requests with excessive delay and did not provide requested documents in its possession, the authority imposed a fine of EUR 50,000 in a 2023 decision for breach of the duty to cooperate and ordered the immediate handover of invoices, information sent to the transparency authority and contracts concerning software and hardware.
Delayed or incomplete answers to the regulator are a separate ground for fines – information-request handling belongs in the compliance organisation.
Duties to cooperate with the data protection authority
- Authority / court
- Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα (Hellenic Data Protection Authority)
- Area of law
- Data protection
- Legal basis
- Art. 31, Art. 58 Abs. 2 lit. i DSGVO; Art. 15 Abs. 4 lit. d ν. 4624/2019
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Hellenic DPA, Entscheidungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 13 Jan 2025 · Direct link
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12 Jan 2023 an Irish messaging service providerDPC: €5.5m fine against messaging provider – wrong legal basis “contract” €5.5m
Following a complaint from Germany and a binding determination of the European Data Protection Board, the DPC found that the messaging provider could not base its processing for service improvement and security (excluding “IT security”) on the performance of a contract and thereby infringed Art. 6(1) GDPR. It imposed €5.5m and ordered the processing to be brought into compliance within six months; no further fine was imposed for the transparency failings because these had already been sanctioned in an earlier inquiry.
Anyone classifying processing as necessary for a contract must be able to show that it is genuinely required for the core of the agreed service.
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(a), 6(1), 12, 13(1)(c) DSGVO; Art. 65 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- DPC, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 12 Jan 2025 · Direct link
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12 Jan 2023 a Romanian logistics companyANSPDCP: fine against logistics company after theft of a folder of personnel files €1,988
A folder containing the personnel files of twelve employees was stolen from the company, enabling unauthorised persons to access their data. The Romanian supervisory authority (ANSPDCP) concluded its investigation in December 2022 and imposed 9,828 lei (around 2,000 EUR) for lack of technical and organisational security measures (date = publication).
Keep paper personnel files in locked cabinets with access rules – physical security is data protection.
Physical security of paper files
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1 lit. b und Abs. 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Published
- 12 Jan 2023
Original amount 9,828 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Jan 2023.
- ANSPDCP, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2023) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 12 Jan 2025 · Direct link
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31 Dec 2022 an Irish subsidiary of a US social media groupDPC: €210m fine against social media group – advertising cannot rely on “contract” €210m
Following a complaint of 25 May 2018, the DPC found that the company had not explained the legal bases of the processing on its social network transparently; on the instruction of the European Data Protection Board it was added that behavioural advertising could not be based on the performance of a contract (Art. 6(1)(b) GDPR). The DPC imposed €210m and required the company to bring the processing into compliance within three months; in the parallel inquiry into its photo platform a further €180m was imposed on the same day (separate decision).
Personalised advertising cannot simply be legitimised as part of a contract through the terms of service; the legal basis must be sound and clearly recognisable to users.
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(a), 6(1), 12, 13(1)(c) DSGVO; Art. 65 DSGVO (Streitbeilegung EDSA)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- DPC, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2022) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 31 Dec 2024 · Direct link
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29 Dec 2022 a technology companyCNIL: €8m fine for a technology company over advertising identifiers €8m
The CNIL (French data protection authority) fined a technology company EUR 8,000,000 under Art. 82 of the Loi Informatique et Libertés (French Data Protection Act) because identifiers were stored on and read from the company's smartphones to personalise advertising in its app marketplace without first obtaining users' consent. The Conseil d'État (French supreme administrative court) dismissed the appeal on 15 October 2025; the fact that the advertising segments are only created on the company's servers does not change the consent requirement for accessing the device.
Even the operating system provider needs consent before storing or reading identifiers on the device for advertising purposes.
Consent for advertising identifiers on devices
- Authority / court
- Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), formation restreinte
- Area of law
- Data protection · Cookies and tracking
- Legal basis
- Art. 82 Loi n° 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978 (Loi Informatique et Libertés)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Published
- 5 Jan 2023
- CNIL, Les sanctions prononcées par la CNIL (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2022) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 29 Dec 2024 · Direct link
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20 Dec 2022 a German call centreBNetzA: €142,000 fine on call centre over unlawful sales calls for telecoms services €142,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined a call centre that marketed telecommunications services 142,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. The official list states only the role, the product advertised and the amount.
Call centres need verifiable consent for every number they dial and must honour requests to stop calling immediately.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- Bundesnetzagentur, Maßnahmen gegen unerlaubte Telefonwerbung mit Archiv-Übersicht der Bußgelder ab 2017 (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2022) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 20 Dec 2024 · Direct link
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12 Dec 2022 a UK online marketing companyICO: fine for online marketer over 3.5 million debt help marketing emails and texts, reduced to GBP 85,000 by the tribunal €98,830
On 12 December 2022 the ICO fined a UK online marketing company GBP 125,000. According to the ICO's findings, between 28 July 2020 and 28 July 2021 the company instigated the sending of 3,506,157 marketing emails and text messages via affiliates without valid consent; the investigation was prompted by spam reports about texts containing the phrase 'struggling with debt'. According to the ICO, the consents referred to sectors described too broadly, such as 'financial products'. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 22 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 12 January 2023 would have reduced the fine to GBP 100,000. The company appealed; in a decision given on 25 October 2024 the First-tier Tribunal (General Regulatory Chamber) upheld the breach but reduced the fine from the original GBP 125,000 to GBP 85,000. According to the ICO case page, the company has paid that amount. The ICO published the case on 14 December 2022.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 22 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 85,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 12 Dec 2022.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2022) Enforcement database of an authority
- Find Case Law, First-tier Tribunal (GRC) (Suche) (Entscheidung 2022) Court decision
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 5 · Company name anonymised since 12 Dec 2024 · Direct link
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9 Dec 2022 a Finnish shipping companyFinnish shipping company: EUR 230,000 for storing employees' diagnoses in HR system €230,000
The sanctions board of the Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto (Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman, Finland) fined the shipping company 230,000 EUR; in addition, a reprimand was issued and the company was ordered to bring its information to employees into line with the GDPR. The company had stored diagnosis codes relating to sick leave in its HR management system together with other employee data, partly inaccurately and for a long time, and had not provided a former employee with all the data requested.
Employees' health data must be stored separately from the rest of the personnel file and only for as long as necessary.
Handling employees' health data
- Authority / court
- Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto – seuraamuskollegio (Sanktionsgremium der Datenschutzbehörde)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Employee data
- Legal basis
- Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. a und d, Art. 12 Abs. 3, Art. 13, Art. 15 Abs. 1, Art. 25 Abs. 1, Art. 83 DSGVO; Laki yksityisyyden suojasta työelämässä (759/2004) 5 § 4 mom.
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Transport, logistics and shipping
- Mitigating circumstances
- No proven material damage to the data subjects; early remedial action after the data subject made contact, before the authority's investigation; severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the travel sector.
- Published
- 14 Dec 2022
- Tietosuojavaltuutettu, Nachrichten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2022) Press release of an authority
- Finlex, Entscheidungen des Datenschutzbeauftragten (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2022) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 9 Dec 2024 · Direct link
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2 Dec 2022 a UK bookmakerICO: reprimand for bookmaker after repeated breaches caused by a flawed security process Reprimand or warning
On 2 December 2022 the ICO issued a reprimand to a UK bookmaker. It followed personal data breaches that the bookmaker reported to the ICO on 27 August 2021, 3 September 2021, 9 June 2022 and 7 July 2022. According to the ICO's findings, the bookmaker had no robust security process to protect personal data; a flaw in that process should have been identified earlier through regular testing, and many incidents also occurred because staff did not follow the process despite having been trained. The ICO found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f), 24(1), 32(1) and 32(2) UK GDPR. The ICO published the case on 6 December 2022.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f), 24(1), 32(1) und 32(2) UK GDPR; Verwarnung laut Schreiben nach Schedule 13(2) DPA 2018 (Fallseite: Art. 58 UK GDPR)
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2022) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 2 Dec 2024 · Direct link
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28 Nov 2022 a UK home and kitchen appliance repair companyICO: GBP 85,000 fine for repair company over almost 100,000 marketing calls to TPS numbers €98,146
On 28 November 2022 the ICO fined a UK home and kitchen appliance repair company that sells protection plans for such appliances GBP 85,000. According to the ICO's findings, between 1 January and 28 June 2021 the company made 211,487 connected unsolicited marketing calls, 99,313 of them to numbers that had been registered with the TPS for at least 28 days. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 4 January 2023 reduced the fine to GBP 68,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 85,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 28 Nov 2022.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2022) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 28 Nov 2024 · Direct link
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28 Nov 2022 a Brighton-based repair plan providerICO: GBP 70,000 fine and enforcement notice for Brighton company over more than 21,000 marketing calls to TPS numbers €80,826
On 28 November 2022 the ICO fined a Brighton-based company GBP 70,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 18 January and 7 September 2021 the company made 21,347 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers that had been registered with the TPS for at least 28 days; as an aggravating factor, the ICO also took into account 32 reports by individuals on a consumer website. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 4 January 2023 reduced the fine to GBP 56,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 70,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 28 Nov 2022.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2022) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 28 Nov 2024 · Direct link
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28 Nov 2022 a UK household appliance service contract providerICO: GBP 20,000 fine and enforcement notice for service contract provider over marketing calls to TPS numbers €23,093
On 28 November 2022 the ICO fined a UK company which describes itself as offering service contracts for household appliances, particularly televisions, GBP 20,000 and served an enforcement notice on the same day. According to the ICO's findings, between 4 August 2020 and 28 July 2021 the company made 1,932 unsolicited marketing calls to numbers that had been registered with the TPS for at least 28 days. According to the ICO, the company described the calls as isolated incidents but provided no evidence that the people called had agreed to receive them. The ICO treated this as a breach of regulation 21 of PECR. Under the notice, payment by 4 January 2023 reduced the fine to GBP 16,000.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- Regulation 21 PECR; section 55A DPA 1998 (Geldbuße); section 40 DPA 1998 (Enforcement Notice)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Other
Original amount 20,000 GBP, converted at the ECB reference rate of 28 Nov 2022.
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2022) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 28 Nov 2024 · Direct link
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25 Nov 2022 an Irish subsidiary of a US social media groupDPC: €265m fine after social network user data were harvested via search features €265m
The inquiry was triggered by media reports of a dataset of user data from the group's social network available on the internet; the DPC examined the network's search feature and the contact import features of the group's messaging service and photo platform for the period May 2018 to September 2019. It found infringements of data protection by design and by default (Art. 25(1) and (2) GDPR) and imposed fines of €265m, a reprimand and a time-limited remedial order; the other supervisory authorities agreed with the decision.
Search and import features that allow mass queries need protection against automated harvesting of personal data built in at the design stage.
- Authority / court
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 25(1), 25(2) DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Media and online platforms
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- DPC, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2022) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 25 Nov 2024 · Direct link
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22 Nov 2022 a German business that commissioned sales calls for electricity supply contractsBNetzA: €148,000 fine on business that commissioned unlawful sales calls for electricity contracts €148,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined a business that had commissioned sales calls for electricity supply contracts 148,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. The official list gives neither the name nor further details; according to the agency, in 2022 it concentrated its investigations in nine large proceedings covering up to 3,000 complaints each.
Even a business that merely commissions sales calls can itself be fined – consent of the people called should be checked before a campaign starts.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Energy and utilities
- Bundesnetzagentur, Maßnahmen gegen unerlaubte Telefonwerbung mit Archiv-Übersicht der Bußgelder ab 2017 (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2022) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 22 Nov 2024 · Direct link
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22 Nov 2022 a German business that commissioned sales calls for telecommunications servicesBNetzA: €130,000 fine on business that commissioned unlawful sales calls for telecoms services €130,000
The Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency) fined a business that had commissioned sales calls for telecommunications services 130,000 EUR for unlawful telephone advertising. On the same day a separate decision of 148,000 EUR was issued against the business behind a campaign for electricity supply contracts.
Even a business that merely commissions sales calls can itself be fined – consent of the people called should be checked before a campaign starts.
Consent and proof of consent for telephone marketing
- Authority / court
- Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Marketing and consent
- Legal basis
- UWG – Verbot unerlaubter Telefonwerbung gegenüber Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Telecoms, IT and software
- Bundesnetzagentur, Maßnahmen gegen unerlaubte Telefonwerbung mit Archiv-Übersicht der Bußgelder ab 2017 (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2022) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Version 2 · Company name anonymised since 22 Nov 2024 · Direct link
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21 Nov 2022 a Romanian branch of a Dutch bankBranch of a foreign bank: RON 98,076 for inadequate security in online banking €19,848
Following a notification by the bank, the ANSPDCP (Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal, Romanian data protection authority) found that unauthorised persons had obtained customers' identification, contact, account and card data as well as online banking credentials and used them to initiate payments. The authority held that the branch lacked adequate technical and organisational security measures and imposed a fine of RON 98,076.
Online banking access must be secured so that stolen credentials alone do not allow third parties to make payments.
Protecting online banking credentials
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1 und 2 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 21 Nov 2022
Original amount 98,076 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 21 Nov 2022.
- ANSPDCP, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2022) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 21 Nov 2024 · Direct link
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17 Nov 2022 a Dutch police authorityAP: fine on Dutch police over missing DPIA for camera cars, reduced to €30,000 €30,000
In April and May 2020 the police deployed two mobile camera cars in Rotterdam to monitor compliance with the COVID-19 emergency ordinance without first carrying out the data protection impact assessment required under the Police Data Act. The AP (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, Dutch data protection authority) imposed 50,000 EUR on the chief of police and rejected the objection on 6 November 2023. On 8 October 2024 the Rechtbank Den Haag (The Hague District Court) upheld the infringement but found it established for one day only and reduced the fine to 30,000 EUR; no appeal was lodged.
Even under time pressure in a crisis, an impact assessment must precede the deployment of new surveillance technology.
Impact assessment before deploying camera surveillance
- Authority / court
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Video surveillance
- Legal basis
- Art. 4c Abs. 1 Wet politiegegevens (Wpg)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- reduced
- Sector
- Public sector
- Mitigating circumstances
- The AP reduced the base amount of 56,500 EUR to 50,000 EUR because the deployment took place under severe time pressure in the crisis at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic; the court reduced it further to 30,000 EUR because the infringement was established for one day only and a repetition is very unlikely.
- Published
- 21 Dec 2022
- AP – Boete mobiele camera-auto's Rotterdam (Dokumentseite mit Update Dezember 2024) Decision of an authority
- AP – Mobiele camera-auto's Rotterdam – besluit tot boeteoplegging, 17 november 2022 Decision of an authority
- Rechtbank Den Haag, 8 oktober 2024, ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2024:16324 Court decision
Checked against the official source on 2 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 17 Nov 2024 · Direct link
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16 Nov 2022 a Romanian bankRomanian bank: RON 138,572 after 17 notified data breaches €28,162
The investigation was triggered by 17 breach notifications from the bank, including documents sent to wrong e-mail addresses, queries of credit bureau and tax databases for an external credit broker, and indications that loans had been granted through a processor without the customers having applied. The ANSPDCP (Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal, Romanian data protection authority) found breaches of the security obligations and of data protection by design and imposed three fines of RON 98,980, 14,847 and 24,745 (RON 138,572 in total) as well as two reprimands.
Anyone giving employees access to customer data must ensure technically and organisationally that they use it only on instruction and for the intended purpose.
Misdirected e-mails and staff access without instruction
- Authority / court
- Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 32 Abs. 1, 2 und 4, Art. 25 Abs. 1 DSGVO
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Financial services and insurance
- Published
- 16 Nov 2022
Original amount 138,572 RON, converted at the ECB reference rate of 16 Nov 2022.
- ANSPDCP, Pressemitteilungen (Übersicht) (Entscheidung 2022) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Company name anonymised since 16 Nov 2024 · Direct link
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14 Nov 2022 a Hong Kong photo services chainPCPD: enforcement notice against photo services chain after attack on unpatched VPN flaw Order
Following a ransomware attack in October 2021 on the database of the photo services chain's online store, which affected 544,862 members and 73,957 online store customers, the PCPD found a breach of data security principle DPP 4(1). The company had known since September 2019 at the latest about a vulnerability in its firewall's SSL VPN announced in May 2019, but did not apply the fix and did not use multi-factor authentication for remote access. The PCPD issued an enforcement notice requiring a security review, regular reviews by an independent expert, vulnerability scans and patch management rules, with proof of completion due within three months.
Known vulnerabilities in remote access must be patched promptly, especially when working from home increases the number of users.
Patch management and multi-factor authentication for remote access
- Authority / court
- Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), Hongkong
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Data Protection Principle 4(1) Schedule 1 und Section 50(1) Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Retail and e-commerce
- Mitigating circumstances
- Timely data breach notification, cooperation with the PCPD and technical and organisational measures after the incident.
- Published
- 14 Nov 2022
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 14 Nov 2024 · Direct link
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14 Nov 2022 a Hong Kong listed healthcare groupHealthcare group shared client data across brands: enforcement notice Order
In an investigation report published on 14 November 2022, the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD, Hong Kong's data protection authority) found that the listed healthcare group, after acquiring two brands, had moved their clients' data into a group-wide system and made it accessible to staff of other brands; in the two underlying complaint cases the individuals concerned had neither been informed nor given their consent. The system was used by 28 of the group's 39 brands and held data on around 1.08 million members; the PCPD found a breach of the purpose limitation rule in DPP 3(1). By enforcement notice, the group must stop cross-brand sharing without consent, adopt policies for client data from acquisitions and train its staff.
In acquisitions, client data must not simply be merged into group systems – the original purpose of collection and consent must cover the sharing.
Purpose limitation and data sharing within a group after acquisitions
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), Hongkong
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data subject rights and transparency
- Legal basis
- Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486), Schedule 1, Data Protection Principle 3(1); Enforcement Notice nach s. 50(1)
- Action
- Order
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- Published
- 14 Nov 2022
Checked against the official source on 7 Oct 2026 · Company name anonymised since 14 Nov 2024 · Direct link
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10 Nov 2022 a London NHS hospital trustICO: reprimand for NHS hospital trust after losing access to scans stored on USB sticks Reprimand or warning
On 10 November 2022 the ICO issued a reprimand to a London NHS hospital trust. According to the ICO's findings, from May 2013 the trust stored hysteroscopy scans on USB sticks for nine years without backing them up to its servers, contrary to its own policy; the two remaining encrypted sticks became inaccessible on 5 April 2018, affecting between 4,000 and 10,000 people. The trust did not initially recognise the incident as a personal data breach and reported it late; there were no risk assessments, no training and no designated information asset owners. The ICO found infringements of Articles 5(1)(f) and 24(1) UK GDPR.
- Authority / court
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
- Area of law
- Data protection · Data breaches and data security
- Legal basis
- Art. 5(1)(f) und 24(1) UK GDPR; Verwarnung nach Art. 58 UK GDPR
- Action
- Reprimand or warning
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Healthcare
- ICO, Übersicht der Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen (Entscheidung 2022) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 10 Nov 2024 · Direct link