Compliance Radar
Who was sanctioned, and for what?
Fines, court rulings and incidents from Europe, North America, Latin America, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa: 2,207 cases from 44 jurisdictions, each with an official source and checked against that source before publication. Filter by country, area of law and sector. Click a chart to drill down one level.
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per year, by date of decision| Period | Cases | Total |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 5 | €1.53bn |
| 2025 | 2 | €2.49bn |
| 2026 | 1 | €168.7m |
8 cases
18 May 2026 Volvo Group North America, LLCVolvo Group North America: settlement of around 197 million USD over undisclosed emission control devices €168.7m
Around 10,000 heavy-duty Volvo diesel engines from model years 2010 to 2016 used auxiliary emission control devices (AECDs) that were not disclosed during certification and emitted more NOx than permitted. The settlement with the California Air Resources Board (CARB) comprises 17.5 million USD in penalties and costs, 71 million USD for mitigation measures and 108 million USD for emission reduction projects in California.
Every emissions-relevant control function must be fully disclosed in the certification application; otherwise high settlement payments may follow years later.
- Authority / court
- California Air Resources Board (CARB)
- Area of law
- Environment and sustainability · Emissions and permits
- Legal basis
- Kalifornische Emissions- und Zertifizierungsvorschriften für schwere Nutzfahrzeugmotoren
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Automotive
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Mitigating circumstances
- Cooperation during the investigation; recall and extended warranty for engines from model years 2014 to 2016.
- Published
- 18 May 2026
Original amount 196,500,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 18 May 2026.
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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19 Mar 2025 Hino Motors, Ltd.Hino Motors: over 1.6 billion USD in fines and forfeiture for emissions fraud €1.48bn
Between 2010 and 2019, the Toyota subsidiary submitted false certification applications, altered emissions data and fabricated test results; more than 105,000 non-compliant diesel engines were imported into the USA. The court imposed a fine of 521.76 million USD and forfeiture of 1.087 billion USD, plus five years of probation with an import ban on Hino diesel engines.
Manipulated test data in approval procedures lead to penalties that threaten a company's existence and to market bans; testing processes need independent controls.
Data integrity in testing and approval procedures
- Authority / court
- U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (Ermittlungen: EPA Criminal Investigation Division, FBI)
- Area of law
- Environment and sustainability · Emissions and permits
- Legal basis
- Clean Air Act; Verschwörung zum Betrug der Vereinigten Staaten und Schmuggel (Schuldbekenntnis)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Automotive
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
- Culpability
- intentional
- Published
- 19 Mar 2025
Original amount 1,608,760,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 19 Mar 2025.
- Court Sentences Hino Motors Ltd., a Toyota Subsidiary, and Imposes Over $1.6B in Penalties for Emissions Fraud Scheme Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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15 Jan 2025 Hino Motors, Ltd.; Hino Motors Manufacturing U.S.A., Inc.; Hino Motors Sales U.S.A., Inc.Hino Motors: over 1 billion USD in penalties for falsified emissions test data €1.02bn
From 2010 to 2019, the Toyota subsidiary altered test data, carried out tests improperly or fabricated them entirely for more than 50 engine families (around 105,000 on-road and 5,700 off-road diesel engines). The resolution with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Justice comprises a civil penalty of 525 million USD and a criminal fine of 521.76 million USD (together 1.047 billion USD), five years of probation and an import ban on diesel engines; including the recall and mitigation measures, the overall resolution totals more than 1.6 billion USD.
Certification data is evidence – companies that embellish test results risk their existence, loss of market access and criminal prosecution.
Integrity of test and certification data
- Authority / court
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency / U.S. Department of Justice
- Area of law
- Environment and sustainability · Emissions and permits
- Legal basis
- Clean Air Act
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Automotive
- Culpability
- intentional
Original amount 1,046,760,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 15 Jan 2025.
- Hino Motors Clean Air Act Settlement Summary Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 25 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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23 Dec 2024 FCA US LLCFCA US: USD 4.19m CARB settlement over emission controls in Ram ProMaster €2.01m
CARB reached a settlement of 4,185,820 USD with FCA US because model year 2014 to 2016 Ram ProMaster vehicles with a 3.0-litre diesel engine had an unapproved device that controlled emissions differently in real-world driving than in certification testing; according to CARB, almost 55 tonnes of excess nitrogen oxides were released. The civil penalty is 2,092,910 USD. An environmental project of the same amount, to slow cargo vessels, stays outside the amount field. The vehicles will be recalled. CARB had already taken action against FCA over similar allegations in 2019 and 2022. The authority allegedly made the findings set out here; this account is not based on a final judgment. The amount field records only the civil monetary penalty.
Differences between test-bench and on-road behaviour of emission controls must be disclosed before certification.
Disclosure of emission-relevant software and hardware
- Authority / court
- California Air Resources Board (CARB)
- Area of law
- Environment and sustainability · Emissions and permits
- Legal basis
- Luftqualitäts- und Fahrzeugemissionsvorschriften des California Air Resources Board
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Automotive
- Repeat case
- yes
- Published
- 23 Dec 2024
Original amount 2,092,910 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 23 Dec 2024.
- CARB News Release 24-30, 23.12.2024: CARB announces over $4 million settlement with FCA US LLC Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 3 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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9 Oct 2024 two Italian providers of small electric carsAGCM: providers of small electric cars remove ‘100 % green’ advertising Other
On the websites for two small electric cars, the providers advertised with ‘100 % sustainable’, ‘100 % Green’, ‘zero emissions’ and ‘zero environmental impact’ without taking into account life-cycle phases or the emissions from electricity generation. Following an intervention by Italy's competition and consumer protection authority (AGCM) by way of moral suasion, the claims were removed.
Even for electric vehicles, absolute claims such as ‘zero emissions’ are misleading if manufacturing and electricity generation are left out.
Blanket environmental promises for electric products
- Authority / court
- Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (AGCM)
- Area of law
- Environment and sustainability · Misleading environmental and sustainability claims
- Legal basis
- Codice del Consumo (unlautere Geschäftspraktiken)
- Action
- Other
- Status of proceedings
- final
- Sector
- Automotive
- Mitigating circumstances
- Voluntary removal of the claims following the authority's intervention.
- Published
- 9 Oct 2024
- AGCM, Suche nach Entscheidungen (Entscheidung 2024) Decision of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 3 · Company name anonymised since 9 Oct 2026 · Direct link
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16 Sep 2024 a US manufacturer of tuning productsUS tuning manufacturer: 2.914 million USD for over 81,000 tuners that disable emission controls €2.62m
Since 2015, the Texas-based manufacturer has sold more than 81,000 tuners that deactivate emission controls, as well as 8,400 exhaust pipes with fewer or weaker catalytic converters. The proposed settlement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Justice (subject to court approval) provides for a civil penalty of 2,914,000 USD in four instalments, as well as a ban on defeat devices, removal of the ‘delete’ functions, information for dealers and customers, buy-back and destruction of such devices held by employees, and Clean Air Act training for the workforce.
Tuning products that circumvent emission controls are prohibited even as ‘racing parts’ – product approvals require an emissions review.
Emissions law for aftermarket products
Missing or inadequate training played a role in the decision.
- Authority / court
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency / U.S. Department of Justice (U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas)
- Area of law
- Environment and sustainability · Emissions and permits
- Legal basis
- Clean Air Act § 203(a)(3)(B), 42 U.S.C. § 7522(a)(3)(B)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Automotive
- Mitigating circumstances
- Amount of the penalty based on demonstrated limited ability to pay; payment in instalments.
Original amount 2,914,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 16 Sep 2024.
- EPA, Durchsetzungsfälle und Vergleiche (Liste) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 16 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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10 Sep 2024 a US manufacturer of vehicle tuning partsUS tuning parts manufacturer: criminal fine and civil settlement over defeat devices Fine
According to the EPA, a US manufacturer of vehicle tuning parts manufactured, sold or installed large numbers of parts for diesel pickups over several years that could remove or disable emission control systems; according to the EPA, the additional emissions equalled those of several million additional vehicles. In the criminal proceedings, the company received a multi-million-dollar fine and a term of probation; a civil settlement providing for a multi-million-dollar civil penalty payable in instalments was subject to court approval.
Running emissions tampering as a business model leads to criminal and civil sanctions against the company.
- Authority / court
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency / U.S. Department of Justice
- Area of law
- Environment and sustainability · Emissions and permits
- Legal basis
- Clean Air Act § 203(a)(3)
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Automotive
- Culpability
- intentional
- Mitigating circumstances
- Payment in instalments because of demonstrated limited ability to pay.
- EPA, Durchsetzungsfälle und Vergleiche (Liste) (Entscheidung 2024) Enforcement database of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 7 · Company name anonymised since 10 Sep 2026 · Direct link
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10 Jan 2024 a US engine manufacturing groupUS engine manufacturer: 1.675 billion USD civil penalty for defeat devices in pickups €1.53bn
The engine manufacturer programmed the engine software so that emission controls were reduced or switched off during normal driving (around 630,000 heavy-duty pickups of one vehicle maker from model years 2013–2019) and failed to disclose auxiliary emission control devices in a further approximately 330,000 vehicles. Civil penalty of 1.675 billion USD – the highest ever under the Clean Air Act – plus recall and mitigation measures, totalling around 2 billion USD.
Software functions that affect emissions behaviour must be fully disclosed in the type approval process.
- Authority / court
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency / U.S. Department of Justice (U.S. District Court, District of Columbia)
- Area of law
- Environment and sustainability · Emissions and permits
- Legal basis
- Clean Air Act
- Action
- Fine
- Status of proceedings
- unknown
- Sector
- Automotive
- Employees
- 10,000 or more
Original amount 1,675,000,000 USD, converted at the ECB reference rate of 10 Jan 2024.
- EPA, Durchsetzungsfälle und Vergleiche (Liste) (Entscheidung 2024) Press release of an authority
Checked against the official source on 28 Sep 2026 · Version 4 · Company name anonymised since 10 Jan 2026 · Direct link